The origins of the Beat Generation can be traced to Columbia University and the meeting of Kerouac, Ginsberg, Carr, Hal Chase and others. Kerouac attended Columbia on a football scholarship.[12] Though the beats are usually regarded as anti-academic,[13][14][15] many of their ideas were formed in response to professors like Lionel Trilling and Mark Van Doren. Classmates Carr and Ginsberg discussed the need for a "New Vision" (a term borrowed from W. B. Yeats), to counteract what they perceived as their teachers' conservative, formalistic literary ideals.[16][17]
Philip Lamantia, Michael McClure, Philip Whalen, Ginsberg and Gary Snyder read on October 7, 1955, before 100 people (including Kerouac, up from Mexico City). Lamantia read poems of his late friend John Hoffman. At his first public reading Ginsberg performed the just finished first part of Howl. It was a success and the evening led to many more readings by the now locally famous Six Gallery poets.[citation needed]
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Gregory Corso considered English Romantic poet Percy Bysshe Shelley a hero, and he was buried at the foot of Shelley's grave in the Protestant Cemetery, Rome. Ginsberg mentions Shelley's poem Adonais at the beginning of his poem Kaddish, and cites it as a major influence on the composition of one of his most important poems. Michael McClure compared Ginsberg's Howl to Shelley's breakthrough poem Queen Mab.[45]
The Beats were inspired by early American figures such as Henry David Thoreau, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Herman Melville and especially Walt Whitman, who is addressed as the subject of one of Ginsberg's most famous poems, "A Supermarket in California". Edgar Allan Poe was occasionally acknowledged, and Ginsberg saw Emily Dickinson as having an influence on Beat poetry. The 1926 novel You Can't Win by outlaw author Jack Black was cited as having a strong influence on Burroughs.[48]
There was a resurgence of interest in the beats among bands in the 1980s. Ginsberg worked with the Clash and Burroughs worked with Sonic Youth, R.E.M., Kurt Cobain, and Ministry, among others.[citation needed] Bono of U2 cites Burroughs as a major influence,[80][81] and Burroughs appeared briefly in a U2 video in 1997.[82] Post-punk band Joy Division named a song "Interzone" after a collection of stories by Burroughs. Laurie Anderson featured Burroughs on her 1984 album Mister Heartbreak and in her 1986 concert film, Home of the Brave.[citation needed] The band King Crimson produced the album Beat inspired by the Beat Generation.[83][84]
While this volume by Gary Snyder was published some time after the heyday of the Beat Generation, the poems collected here were originally published between 1956 and 1964, when Snyder was hobnobbing with Ginsberg and Kerouac in San Francisco in between trips to India and Japan. The Back Country, which is considered by some to be Snyder's masterpiece, was heavily inspired by Zen and Tibetan Buddhism, exemplifying the meld between Eastern and Western philosophy that was deeply valued by the Beats and later spiritual movements of the 1960's.
For another great volume of poetry by a member of the Beat Generation, check out Gasoline by Gregory Corso, which is available online at home with your library card along with The Vestal Lady on Brattle, his first book of poems. Corso was younger than the rest of the Beats, but he was an integral part of their inner circle through their travels from San Francisco to Paris to New York in the late 1950's.
Beats within poetry represent the rhythm, sound, meter and rhyme of the entire piece of poetry. There are many different types of beats the poet can use as well as different types of meters used to write poetry. Rhyme, rhythm, meters and sound are all related to poetic units or poetic beats. Feet are various patterns of accented and unaccented syllables within the lines of a poem. A meter reflects the number of feet within a line.
Analyzing the kind of beats that a poem has is in essence to analyze the poem's rhythm. Within a poem, types of beats may include: trimeter, or three beats; tetrameter, or four beats; and pentameter, or five beats. Typically, one type of beat is used at a time. However, some poets choose to mix and match their use of meters, depending on what they are writing.
In keeping with the early history of poetry in which poems were memorized and recited, spoken word poetry is heard rather than read. Beats used within a spoken poem create a specific flow of sound within the piece.
A rhyme occurs when words contain similar sounds. Many poets write their poetry so that the rhyming pattern helps to create the beats within the poem. Rhyme is perhaps the most recognizable convention of poetry, but its function is often overlooked.
Tatiana was kind enough to talk with me recently about pushing beyond writing for a Eurocentric audience, the importance of language within a poem, spoken word poetry as an influence on poetry as a whole, and writing her identity into her poems.
Rumpus: Some of your poems could be read as love letters to future daughters, then. Your poems are so hopeful, always reaching forward! What do you wish for, when you think of the world your children will live in?
I also believe that the poem with the same number of beats is more 'musical', while the other one is like telling a story. I think another difference is that the second one feels more natural and it describes an image, while the first one is shorter but more emotional.
Thank you! I really liked this take back when I wrote it, but now after a few years I might take another crack at it and maybe some of the other poems now that I can look at it with a fresh perspective.
I wanted to thank you for the wealth of information and insight on your website. I am a 56 year old minstral of sorts. I had become smitten by Emily Dickinson and have been trying to understand why. I was seeking to learn about Common Hymn Meter and found this gold mine. I have written a few songs and poems, but without any method to the madness. You have given me tools I knew nothing about. Thanks for sharing your gift. I will continue to study your post and read your poems. Thanks!
Whether horizontal
or vertical,
at times fully identical.
emotional, sentimental,
pleasure and romance
a silent dance.
When almost identical,
a little difference of frequencies
created music inside galaxies.
wavelengths from the heart
created a lovely vibrating art.
when coincided
beats were heard.
music was added to the silent dance
what a romance!
Love is the third wavelength, soft not rough,
with higher crest and lower trough.
Ups and downs come in the life,
years pass,husband and wife,
are at a loss.
Being close,
too close,
Used to with each other,
not one and another,
reducing the wavelength's difference
move towards silence
do not say but feel
there could be a heal!
Time is never reversed
by nature it's rights are reserved,
Beats have been becoming feeble,
but habit of love is not tangible,
still heard,
as once coincided,
the third wave propagates
to knock at the infinity's gates.
For one of his last Bay Area events, a 2015 reading in Palo Alto, he had his poems written on the wall, as captions for a series of horse paintings done by his wife, Amy. He walked around the room repeating the words and horse whinny sounds, and the audience was entranced.
In summary, the Beat Generation was a group of writers that emerged in the 1950s. They rejected formalism in poetry and materialism in society. Like the Romantics, they believed poetry should be personal and accessible. Writers like Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Gary Snyder wrote poems about nature, sex, drugs and jazz.
Poetry written in free verse does not require rules for the rhythm or rhyme. Otherwise, poetry has traditionally had a certain number of beats that distinguish its rhythm, and while usually a single beat is used within the poem, poets may also vary their rhythm.
The series pays considerable homage to the life and works of the 1800s poet John Keats, and its titles correspond to three poems by the very same author: Hyperion (abandoned by Keats partway through), Fall of Hyperion, and Endymion.
I've heard it said that these Hyperion Cantos novels mirror the content and story beats of the corresponding Keats poems, with characters and events being at least vaguely analogous to events in the poems themselves, and with the novel Hyperion even ending at roughly the same point the abandoned poem Hyperion ends. Is this true?
I am considering picking up the original Keats poems themselves to read them and explore the comparisons myself, but before I do, I want to know if I should even be looking for these in the poems, or if it's a red herring I should dismiss out of hand.
Michael McClure attended Robert Duncan's poetry workshop at San Francisco State College and through Duncan, met Kenneth Rexroth. He became a regular on the San Francisco poetry scene, and it was McClure who arranged for Ginsberg to speak at the Six Gallery in November 1955. McClure would later gain notoriety for writing the play, The Beard. The play was banned and the actors in the early productions were routinely arrested at the end of each performance. Peyote Poem is one of Michael McClure's first published poems. 006ab0faaa
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