Hypotheses

What is hypothesis?

A statement that shows a relationship between two or more variables in testable form.

A statement or explanation that is suggested by knowledge or observation but has not, yet, been proved or disproved.

A problem cannot be scientifically solved unless it is reduced to hypothesis form.

Research hypotheses should be developed based on research questions &/or research framework.

Hypotheses should be supported by literature (e.g., previous studies, theories, etc.).

Nature of Research Hypotheses

Testable – verifiable or falsifiable
Not moral or ethical questions
Neither too specific nor too general
A prediction of consequences
Valuable even if proven false

TYPE OF Hypotheses

Directional Hypothesis

Direction is stated.
Predicts the nature of the effect of IV on DV (positive or negative).

Examples:

Adults will correctly recall more words than children.
Women are more motivated than men.
The greater the stress experienced in the job, the lower the job satisfaction of employees.

Non-directional Hypothesis

States there will be a difference, but we don’t know the direction of the differences will be.
Predicts that IV affects DV, but the direction of the effect is not specified.

Examples:

The life expectancy of a bulb is more or less than 600 hours.
There is a difference between the work ethic values of American & Asian.
There is a significant relationship between age & job satisfaction.

WRITTING HYPOTHESES

Direct Effects

H1: Satisfaction has a positive effect on commitment.

H2: Satisfaction positively affects commitment.

Indirect/Mediating Effects

H1: Job satisfaction mediates the positive effect of attitude towards coworkers on organizational commitment.

H2: Job Satisfaction positively mediates the effect of attitude towards co-workers on organizational commitment.

H3: Attitude towards co-workers indirectly affects organizational commitment through job satisfaction as a mediating variable.

Moderating Effects

H1: The positive effect of satisfaction on loyalty will be more significant when perceived image is high.

H2: The positive relationship between satisfaction and loyalty will be stronger when perceived image is high.

H3: The positive relationship between satisfaction and loyalty would be stronger for male compared to female.

H4: Body Mass Index (BMI) moderates the relationship between exercise and weight loss, such that for those with a low BMI, the effect is negative (i.e., you gain weight - muscle mass), and for those with a high BMI, the effect is positive (i.e., exercising leads to weight loss).

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