Embedded Files
Components of Score
Components of Score
Observed score comprises of 3 components (Churchill, 1979)
True score
Random error (ex; caused by the order of items in the questionnaire or respondent fatigue) (Heeler & Ray, 1972)
Systematic error such as method variance (ex; variance attributable to the measurement method rather than the construct of interest) (Bagozzi et al., 1991)
Xm : Value as measured
Xt : True value
ε : Error terms
εr : Random error
εs : Systematic error
What is CMV?
What is CMV?
CMV refers to variance attributable to measurement method rather than to the construct(s) that the measures are assumed to measure (Campbell & Fiske, 1959; Podsakoff et al., 2003).
The presense of CMV is due to the method of measurement that may cause systematic error variance. Spesifically, it is caused by the followings:
Using the same method (often a survey) to measure each variable.
A single informant data source (Malhotra, Kim, & Patil, 2006; Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Lee, & Podsakoff, 2003).
CMV is the amount of spurious correlation between variables. It may also lead to incorrect conclusions about relationships between variables by inflating or deflating findings.
Source of Data
Source of Data
Single Source
Single Source
Multiple Source-Same Method
Multiple Source-Same Method
Multiple Source – Different Method
Multiple Source – Different Method
Multilevel
Multilevel
How to Remedy?
How to Remedy?
Procedural Remedy
Procedural Remedy
Steps taken before data collection
Statistical Remedy
Statistical Remedy
Steps taken after data collection
Further readings
Further readings
MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2012). Common method bias in marketing: Causes, mechanisms, and procedural remedies. Journal of retailing, 88(4), 542-555.
Malhotra, N. K., Kim, S. S., & Patil, A. (2006). Common method variance in IS research: A comparison of alternative approaches and a reanalysis of past research. Management science, 52(12), 1865-1883.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of method bias in social science research and recommendations on how to control it. Annual review of psychology, 63, 539-569.
Google Sites
Report abuse