Abstract:Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and mine tailings runoff are the main sources of heavy metal contamination of agricultural land, which has become one of the major constraints to crop growth and productivity. Finding appropriate solutions to protect plants and agricultural land from heavy metal pollution/harmful effects is important for sustainable development. Phytoremediation and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are promising methods for this purpose, which both heavily rely on an appropriate understanding of the anatomical structure of plants. Specialized anatomical features, such as those of epidermis and endodermis and changes in the root vascular tissue, are often associated with heavy metal tolerance in legumes. This review emphasizes the uptake and transport of heavy metals by legume plants that can be used to enhance soil detoxification by phytoremediation processes. Moreover, the review also focuses on the role of rhizospheric organisms in the facilitation of heavy metal uptake, the various mechanisms of enhancing the availability of heavy metals in the rhizosphere, the genetic diversity, and the microbial genera involved in these processes. The information presented here can be exploited for improving the growth and productivity of legume plants in metal-prone soils.Keywords: heavy metals; legumes; anatomy; phytoremediation; translocation; rhizosphere
Tori Bacall is an undergraduate student at Bowdoin College majoring in biology and environment studies. Outside of class, she enjoys running track and cross country and exploring the Maine outdoors. She is passionate about conducting research that guides environmental conservation, especially in the context of climate change. As a DaRin Butz intern, she will work in the Taylor lab researching how climate change impacts relationships between plants and soil microbes.
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Aidan Jones is an undergraduate student at the University of Vermont studying molecular genetics. He is originally from northern New Jersey where he grew up skateboarding. He became interested in plant genetics and molecular cell biology during his undergraduate studies and hopes to pursue either in graduate school. As a DaRin Butz intern, he will be working in the Kellogg lab.
Serene Omran is an undergraduate student at UMass Amherst studying Biology and Environmental Science. She is passionate about plant biology and loves gardening, baking, and hiking! As someone interested in how cereal crops are impacted by climate change, she is excited to study the evolutionary biology of cereal crops in the Kellogg lab this summer.
Eva-Sophia Swaddipong is a junior undergraduate at Haverford College majoring in Biology and minoring in Gender and Sexuality Studies. As a Massachusetts native, she enjoys open water swimming and agriculture. They are excited to research speciation and plant pollination through wildflower Phlox at the Hopkins Lab this summer.
Angelique Acevedo is a senior from Cornell University majoring in Environment & Sustainability with minors in Plant Science and Microbial Science. After graduation, she plans to take a gap year working as a Lab Technician studying plant anatomy before potentially applying to graduate school. As a DaRin Butz intern, she will work in the Villouta lab investigating how woody species physiologically adapt to survive freezing temperatures.
Maya Akazawa is an undergraduate student at Oberlin College studying Biology. She grew up in Vermont where she became fascinated with moths and plants, and they became the subjects of many mixed media collage and drawings. As a DaRin Butz intern in the Taylor lab, she will be researching how plants respond to and influence their environments. After college she plans to pursue a career in Ecology.
Estefania Elejalde Baena is an undergraduate Biology student at the University of Antioquia, Colombia. She is interested in the evolution of floral attributes that have a direct impact on the reproductive success of the plant and that have promoted the fascinating evolution and radiation of Angiosperms, such as floral color. Estefania is currently developing her undergraduate thesis, working with a unique parasite-host system found in the Colombian Eastern Cordillera.
My Trinh (she/her) is a student at Oberlin College studying Biology and Biochemistry. Having grown up in Vietnam, this plant enthusiast enjoys gardening, painting, drinking coffee, and playing guitar. In the Friedman lab, My will study the evolutionary diversification of plants through structure and development. After graduation, My wishes to pursue a research career in botany or molecular biology. She is excited to be in Boston for the first time.
Yusuf Yildirim is an undergraduate student at Harvard College majoring in Integrative Biology and Computer Science, with a deep fascination for plant developmental biology and molecular evolution. Post-graduation, he aspires to further his studies in plant developmental biology or delve into the realm of bioinformatics. This summer, Yusuf will be joining the Hopkins lab, where he will be investigating seed development in various Phlox species.
Olivia Bronzo-Munich is an undergraduate student at Bowdoin College studying Biology. She is interested in plant-insect interactions and their role in plant and insect adaptation, speciation, and diversification. As a DaRin Butz intern, she will be working in the Hopkins lab researching adaptation and speciation in the wildflower Phlox.
Eden Fisher is an undergraduate at Harvard College interested in studying math, plants, rocks,
public health, or some combination of the above. She grew up in Rhode Island and likes to
spend as much of her time outside as possible. In the Friedman lab, Eden will explore the
connections between developmental, phylogenetic, and evolutionary biology.
James Fortin grew up north of Boston and enjoys gardening, fishing, and exploring. He is currently pursuing a Biology major at Williams College. After graduation, he plans to do fieldwork in evolutionary biology or ecology. In the Friedman lab, James will study plant morphologies in the context of evolutionary diversification. He appreciated this opportunity to write about himself in the third person.
William Huntley is a rising senior at Bennington College in southern Vermont, studying biology with a focus in proteomics and plant biology. Originally from southwestern New Hampshire, he enjoys hiking, gardening, and being outside. He is excited to be working in the Moeglein lab researching leaf development.
Emily Lancaster is an undergraduate student at the University of Michigan studying plant biology. She is interested in plant adaptations and the affects of climate change on forest communities. As a DaRin Butz intern, Emily will be working in the Villouta lab investigating winter physiology in plants.
Joshua Murphy is an undergraduate student at The George Washington University studying Biology. He is interested in plant genetics and ethnobotany. As a DaRin Butz intern, he will be working in the Hopkins lab researching adaptation and speciation in the Texas wildflower Phlox.
Ben Tibbetts is an undergraduate student studying Biology at Case Western Reserve University. He is a violinist, plant lover, and particularly interested in the relationship between organisms and their environment. As a DaRin Butz intern he will be working in the Taylor lab investigating the effects of climate change on plants, as well as how plants can influence their surroundings in return.
Yiling Fang is an undergraduate at Oberlin College studying Biology. She is interested in investigating plant developmental patterns and understanding plant physiology. She is working in the Holbrook lab to understand cavitation resistance.
Mayerlin Fischbach Barria is an undergraduate student at the University of Central Florida, studying biology with a focus on plant science. Her major interests include understanding ecosystem resilience as well as plant-environment interactions, which she is working on this summer in the Des Marais lab.
Fiona Harrigian is an undergraduate student at Wellesley College studying Biology. She is interested in public health, microbiology, the environment, and the connections between them. As a DaRin Butz intern, she is exploring the connections between urbanization and plants and soils in the Templer and Hutyra labs.
Matt Fertakos is an undergraduate studying biology at The College of New Jersey. His major interests include ecology, evolution, and conservation. Matt worked in the Spriggs lab studying evolution and plant conservation of the severely threatened chestnut and ash trees.
Anny Garcs Palacio is from Colombia at Antioquia University. She is interested in Evo-Devo plants, evolutionary biology, organismic and embryology. Anny worked in the Friedman lab exploring the process of double fertilization in Conifers.
Jessica Leslie is a graduate from UMass Amherst, where she was a Biology major with a certificate in Civic Engagement and Public Service. She is interested in plant-insect interactions, plant adaptations, and plant speciation. Jessica worked in the Hopkins lab.
Sruti Pandey is an undergraduate student at Boston University studying biology. She worked with Dr. Losada in the Holbrook lab and quantitatively studied the vascular system of transgenic Nicotiana plants using confocal microscopy.
Leana Pande, OMS-I at Touro College of Medicine in Middletown is one, who is choosing medicine over art as her career. But along the way she is painting and drawing whenever and wherever she gets the chance and receiving kudos for creating accurate depictions of human anatomy.
In college, she excelled in science and became adept painting nature. An honors student at Wilkes University in Wilkes-Barre with a double major in neuroscience and psychology, Pande loved to draw plant cells as they might look under electron microscopes, only with large bursts of color. It helped that at home, her parents had skeletons and spine models, along with a large pathology-grade microscope and preset slides. 589ccfa754
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