Articulation
Articulation is also known as speech sound production.
Types of Verbal Speech Errors
Speech Sound Production Errors
Your child may have been diagnosed with a Speech Sound Disorder. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Speech sound disorders is an umbrella term referring to any difficulty or combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, or phonological representation of speech sounds and speech segments-including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sound sequences in a language.
Speech sound disorders can be organic or functional in nature. Organic speech sound disorders result from a underlying motor/neurological, structural, or sensory/perceptual cause. Functional speech sound disorders are idiopathic- they have no know cause.
Organic Speech Sound Disorders
Organic speech sound disorders include those resulting from motor/neurological disorders (e.g., childhood apraxia of speech and dysarthria), structural abnormalities (e.g., cleft lip/palate and other structural deficits or anomalies), and sensory/perceptual disorders (e.g., hearing impairment)
Functional Speech Sound Disorders
Functional speech sound disorders include those related to the mtor production of speech sounds and those related to the linguistic aspects of speech production. Historically, these are referred to as articulated disorders and phonological disorders. Articulation disorders focus on errors in production of individual speech sounds. Phonological disorders focus on predictable, rule-based errors (e.g., fronting, stopping, cluster reduction, backing, etc.) that affect more than one sound.
ASHA Speech Sound Disorders