How do Cells function?

Cells are dynamic structures - but how does this movement occur?

Models often depict cells as elastic balloons filled with organelles and a syrup-like cytoplasm. However, they tend to omit or inadequately represent the cytoskeleton, which is known as the "architecture of the cell." The cytoskeleton stabilizes the cell with a network of protein strands that continuously lengthen and shorten. These protein strands define the cell's shape, enable movement, and also form a transport system within the cell. 

How can a network of thin protein structures provide mechanical stability?

The tensegrity concept developed by architect Richard Buckminster Fuller can help explain the floating and balanced structure of the cytoskeleton within cells. Picture a sculpture made up of two components: rods and ropes. The ropes pull everything inward, creating tension, while the rods resist this tension, providing stability and maintaining the sculpture's balance.

In cells, the ropes represent the forces that hold molecules together, while the rods symbolize protein strands. However, unlike in a rigid structure, these cellular rods, such as microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments, are not static. They are continuously being assembled and disassembled, contributing to the cell's dynamic structure.