A Diverse Nation

Misuse of Ancient Roman Identity in Contemporary Spain

Judeoespañol: How Spain's Lost Language Reveals the Country's Multicultural Identity

Hub Civilizations

Modern-Day Missions as an Extension of Colonialism


Indigenous Illustrations: Hollywood Representation of Latin America

  • Bracco, Diane. “Indio, hueco, comunista. Aproximaciones a la trilogía guatemalteca de Jayro Bustamante”. Pandora : Revue d'études hispaniques, Département d'études hispaniques et hispano-américaines, vol. 8, 2021, Université Paris, https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03119280/document

  • Ettleman, Tristan. Does It Matter If Nanook of the North Isn't Exactly True to Life? 3 May 2019, trettleman.medium.com/does-it-matter-if-nanook-of-the-north-isnt-exactly-true-to-life-d780dfead480.

  • Flaherty, Robert J, director. Nanook of the North. Pathé Exchange, 1922.

  • Gibson, Mel, director. Apocalypto. Buena Vista Pictures, 2006.

  • Jiménez-Sánchez, Álvaro, Medina Guerra, F. N., Martínez Bonilla, C. A., & Lavín de La Cavada, J. M. “Mainstream hollywoodense en los Andes Ecuatorianos / Hollywood mainstream in the Ecuadorian Andes.” Revista de Comunicación de La SEECI, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2018.0.51-69

  • King, Geoff, et al. American Independent Cinema : Indie, Indiewood and Beyond. Routledge, 2013.

  • Nava, Gregory. El Norte. Cinecom International, 1983.

  • “'Racist' Apocalypto Accused of Denigrating Mayan Culture.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 10 Jan. 2007, www.theguardian.com/film/2007/jan/10/news.melgibson.

  • Swickard, Charles, director. The Captive God. New York Motion Picture Corp, 1916.

  • Tzaj, Roberto. Personal Interview. 19 April 2021.

  • Vlessing, Etan. “Toronto: Indigenous Filmmakers Talk Cultural Appropriation, Narrative Sovereignty.” The Hollywood Reporter,, 11 Sept. 2020, www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/toronto-indigenous-filmmakers-talk-cultural-appropriation-narrative-sovereignty-4058471/.

  • Weir, Paul. The Mosquito Coast. Warner Bros. Pictures, 1986.

A Forceful Bridging

Demonization of Indigenous Cultures through Languages

  • Durston, A. Las Lenguas Indígenas Y La Historiografía De América Latina. Allpanchis, Vol. 45, no. 81/82, enero 2013, pp. 437-68.

  • Kilroy-Ewbank, Lauren. “Inventing ‘America’ for Europe: Theodore De Bry.” Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-americas/british-colonies/colonial-period/a/inventing-america-for-europe-theodore-de-bry.

  • Lerner, Isaías. “La Colonizatión Española y Las Lenguas Indígenas De América.” Colonial Latin American Review, vol. 6, no. 1, junio 2003, pp. 7–15.

  • Ruge, Dan. Indigenous Rights in Latin America: The Gap between Doctrine and Reality. 2009.

  • Vivar, Beatriz. “La Otredad Lingúistica y Su Impacto En La Conquista De Las Indias .” Revista Española De Antropología Americana, vol. 26, 1996, pp. 143–165.


A Feminist Devotion

  • Brock, Megan P. “Resisting the Catholic Church’s Notion of the Nun as Self-Sacrificing Woman.” Feminism & Psychology, vol. 20, no. 4, 2010, pp. 473-490.

  • Cabrera, Michael. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. 1750.

  • Catel, Franza Ludwig. Nuns in the Certosa Cloister, overlooking a Moonlit Sea towards the Faraglioni, Capri. 1823, The Spencer Museum of Art, Lawrence, Kansas, https://spencerartapps.ku.edu/collection-search#/object/48.

  • Fontaine, Anne, director. Les Innocentes [The Innocents]. Mandarin Cinema, 2016.

  • Nuns on the Bus. “NETWORK: advocates for justice, inspired by Catholic sisters.” https://networklobby.org/nunsonthebus/.

  • Rodriguez, Castell. “Sor Juana: pionera del feminismo en México.” Géneros, vol. 23, no. 19, 2016, pp. 124-137,

  • Roose, Kevin. “Nuns Who Won’t Stop Nudging.” The New York Times, 12 November 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/13/business/sisters-of-st-francis-the-quiet-shareholderactivists.html.

  • Schmidhuber de la Mora, Guillermo. “Los conventos de la Nueva España del siglo XVII como espacios de desarrollo femenino: el caso del Convento de San Jerónimo de México.” Sincronía, vol. 76, 2019, pp. 411-432.



Beneficial Era: Spanish Prostitution and Catholic Church

  • Bago, Eduardo López. La Prostituta. Editorial Renacimiento, 2005.

  • Corbin Alain. “Commercial Sexuality in Nineteenth-Century France: A System of Images and Regulations.” JSTOR, vol. 14, 17 Jan. 2008.

  • Kirkpatrick, Ann K. “Playthings of a Historical Process: Prostitution in Spanish Society from the Restoration to the Civil War (1874-1939). Claremont College Library, 2014, pp. 1-10.

Transatlantic Ties of Modern Spain and Latin America

Engineering Paradise: Eugenics and the Medicalization of Argentine Immigration in the Early 20th century

  • Ayarragaray, Lucas. La constitución étnica argentina y sus problemas. Lajouane, 1910.

  • Ledesma Prietto, Nadia. “Apuntes Sobre La Eugenesia y La Libertad Sexual En El Discurso De Dos Médicos Anarquistas. Argentina, 1930-1940.” Nomadías, no. 16, 2012, Vol.0(16).

  • Palma, Héctor A. “La eugenesia en la Argentina.” Mejoramiento genético en humanos. De la eugenesia al transhumanismo. Buenos Aires, 2019.

  • Pelliza, Mariano A., and Argentina. Comisión Central de Inmigración. Manual of the Immigrant to the Argentine Republic. Printed by the "Courrier De La Plata", 1888.

  • Rodríguez, Julia. Civilizing Argentina : Science, Medicine, and the Modern State. University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Islamophobia: The Hypocrisy of Modern Spain

  • Chamorro, Sol Tarrés, y Javier Rosón Lorente. “¿Musulmanes o inmigrantes? La institucionalización de islam en España (1860-1992).” Revista CIDOB d’Afers Internacionals, no. 115, Apr. 2017, pp. 165–185.

  • Davies, Catherine. “From the Moors to Columbus.” University of Kansas Span346, PDF file, 7 May 2021. Blackboard.

  • Ghiles, Francis. “Vox reinvents history to claim ‘Reconquista’ of Spain.” The Arab Weekly, 17 Nov. 2019. https://thearabweekly.com/vox-reinvents-history-claim-reconquista-spain

  • Ley 26/1992, por la que se aprueba el Acuerdo de Cooperación del Estado con la Comisión Islámica de España. Jefatura del Estado de España, 12 nov. 1992. BOE num. 272, p. 38214-38217. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/l/1992/11/10/26.