II. Particle Set

Electromagnetic wave oscillations induce corporeality of physical substance at perpendicular angles to the gravitational field. This is exhibited by a 45 degree clockwise rotation of the Geodetic Set to formalise temporal phenomena of the Particle Set - a foundational template constituted by cardinal axes of matter and anti-matter.

• • Phase Threshold Gradient: a second order wave-field phenomena comprising the domain space of particularised anti-matter devoid of both mass and weight; and

  • Density Gradient: a first order charge-field phenomena designating the range values of particulate matter specified by defined mass and weight.

NB: The particle set has been further elaborated by the derivative-form gravitational field, g(r), denoting the combinatorial of the first-order geo-centric gravitational field, g(t0), set at right angles to the second-order planetary dynamo (magnetic field), g(t-1).

Physical processes of atomisation are therefore characterised by primordial propensities associated with inductions of the cardinal axes.

• • Push Field: the wave-field of Anti-Matter; and

  • Pull Field: the charge field of Particulate Matter.

Figure II-I. The Particle Set

The Particle Set animates a Dynamic Particle Set along the electro-dynamic gradient which equates to a molecular threshold of thermo-dynamic equilibrium. The thermo-dynamic system is considered to be in a state of balance when the physical forces are in simultaneity of thermal equilibrium, mechanic equilibrium, radiative equilibrium and chemical equilibrium. The cardinal axes therefore explicate the underlying molecular chemistry of the Dynamic Particle Set.

• • Enthalpy: the thermo-dynamic potential or total available energy, at atmospheric pressure and standard state (25 degrees Celsius);

  • Entropy: the intrinsic ionisation potential or electronegativity, imparting periodicity of the elements.

Processes of molecularisation further demonstrates the bounded nature and second-order phasal states of composite sub-atomic particles.

• • Leptons: particulated matter sub-atomically bound by a weak nuclear force; and

  • Hadrons: particulated matter sub-atomically bound by a strong nuclear force.

Figure II-II. The Dynamic Particle Set

The Dynamic Particle Set may also be observed to encapsulate a Singularity Set that is consistent with the 'Big Bang' cosmological model for the formation of the universe. The Singularity Set is fixated at a singular point in space-time of infinite density and zero volume that is theorised to progenerate physical phenomena consistent with group and periodic ordering of the elements. Valency attributes of the elements yield polymorphic propensities.

• • Isotopes: intra-phasal differences in the electropositivity of elements (y-axis variation)

  • Allotropes: intra-phasal differences in the structure of elements (x-axis variation)

Figure II-III. The Singularity Set

Three dimensional modelling of the Dynamic Particle Set further exhibits the geodetic Spin Set, a dynamic binary model of the theory of relativity predicated on universal constants.

• • Special Relativity: concerned with the formation and interactions of elementary particles; and

  • General Relativity: theoretical foundations of cosmology, astronomy and astrophysics.

Figure II-IV. The Spin Set