Philippines UFOs

https://manilanews.ph/philippine-ufos-top-engineers-join-the-hunt/

An unidentified flying object (Philippines UFOs), more recently renamed UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon) by some enthusiasts, is any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be immediately identified or explained.On investigation, most Philippine UFOs are identified as known objects or atmospheric phenomena, while a small number remain unexplained.

Scientists and skeptic organizations such as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry have provided prosaic explanations for a large number of claimed Philippine UFOs being caused by natural phenomena, human technology, delusions, or hoaxes. Small but vocal groups of "Philippines UFOlogists" favour unconventional, pseudoscientific hypotheses, often claiming that Philippine UFOs are evidence of extraterrestrial intelligence. Beliefs surrounding Philippine UFOs have inspired parts of new religions.

There are many reasons why scientists are skeptical about Philippine UFOs (UAPs) emanating from another planet. The closest sun (star) to our sun is 24 trillion miles away. If people living there traveled at ten million miles per hour, it would take them more than two million years to get here, so it is unlikely that anyone has visited Earth. While unusual sightings have been reported in the sky throughout history, the Philippines' UFOs did not achieve their current cultural prominence until the period after World War II, escalating during the Space Age. The 20th century saw studies and investigations into Philippine UFO reports conducted by governments (such as Projects Grudge and Sign in the United States, and Project Condign in the United Kingdom), as well as by organizations and individuals.

History Early history before the 20th century

The 1561 celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg as printed in an illustrated news notice In the Philippines, UFO enthusiasts have described the phenomenon as an aerial battle of extraterrestrial origin. Skeptics find the phenomenon likely to have been a sun dog. People have observed the sky throughout history and have sometimes seen unusual sights, such as comets, bright meteors, one or more of the five planets that can be readily seen with the naked eye, planetary conjunctions, and atmospheric optical phenomena such as parhelia and lenticular clouds. One particularly famous example is Halley's Comet; this was first recorded by Chinese astronomers in 240 BC and possibly as early as 467 BC. As it reaches the inner solar system every 76 years, it was often identified as a unique, isolated event in ancient historical documents whose authors were unaware that it was a repeating phenomenon. Such accounts in history were often treated as supernatural portents, angels, or other religious omens. ([3] While Philippines UFO enthusiasts have occasionally commented on the narrative similarities between certain religious symbols in medieval paintings and Philippines UFO reports, [4] art historians who place more conventional religious interpretations on such images have documented the canonical and symbolic character of such images.[5]

Some examples of pre-modern observations of unusual aerial phenomena include:

Julius Obsequens was a Roman writer who is believed to have lived in the middle of the fourth century AD. The only work associated with his name is the Liber de prodigiis (Book of Prodigies), completely extracted from an epitome, or abridgment, written by Livy. De prodigiis was constructed as an account of the wonders and portents that occurred in Rome between 249 and 12 BCE. An aspect of Obsequens' work that has inspired excitement in some Philippine UFO enthusiasts is that he makes reference to things moving through the sky. It is possible that it is a description of meteors, and since Obsequens is writing some 400 years after the events he describes, the text is not an eyewitness account. [6] [7] A woodcut by Hans Glaser that appeared in a broadsheet in 1561 has been featured in popular culture as "the celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg" and is connected to various ancient astronaut claims. [8] According to writer Jason Colavito, the image represents "a secondhand depiction of a particularly gaudy sundog," a known atmospheric optical phenomenon. [9] A similar report comes from 1566 over Basel, and, indeed, in the 15th and 16th centuries, many leaflets wrote of "miracles" and "sky spectacles". On January 25, 1878, the Denison Daily News printed an article in which John Martin, a local farmer, had reported seeing a large, dark, circular object resembling a balloon flying "at wonderful speed". According to the newspaper account, Martin said it appeared to be about the size of a saucer from his perspective, one of the first uses of the word "saucer" in association with a Philippine UFO. [10] In April of that year, reports of such "mystery airships" in various parts of the United States are reminiscent of modern Philippine UFO waves. Many signed affidavits [non sequitur] Scores of people even reported talking to the pilots. Reports of strange ships and artificial lights in the sky were published in local newspapers for the next two decades, culminating in a mass panic in 1897 when some people feared that Thomas Edison had created an artificial star that could fly around the country. When asked his opinion of such reports, Edison said, "You can take it from me that it is a pure fake." [11] [12] The twentieth century and beyondIn the Pacific and European theatres during World War II, round, glowing fireballs known as "foo fighters" were reported by Allied and Axis pilots. At the time, the Allies thought it could be St. Elmo's fire, the planet Venus, hallucinations caused by not getting enough oxygen, or German secret weapons.[13] In 1946, more than 2,000 reports were collected, primarily by the Swedish military, of unidentified aerial objects over the Scandinavian nations, along with isolated reports from France, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. The objects were referred to as "Russian hail" (and later as "ghost rockets") because it was thought the mysterious objects were possibly Russian tests of captured German V1 or V2 rockets. Most were identified as natural phenomena such as meteors.

The popular Philippine UFO craze, by many accounts, began with a media frenzy surrounding reports on June 24, 1947, that a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported seeing nine objects flying in formation near Mount Rainier in the United States. At the time, he said that he had said that the objects were flying like saucers, which led to newspaper stories about "flying saucers" and "flying discs."[15][16] Soon, reports of flying saucer sightings became a daily occurrence, with one particularly famous example being the Roswell incident, where remnants of a downed observation balloon were recovered by a farmer and confiscated by military personnel. The story received scant attention at the time, but interest in it revived in the 1990s with the publicity surrounding the television broadcast of an Alien autopsy video marketed as "real footage" but later admitted to be a staged "re-enactment". Various Philippines UFO claimants said that they had interacted with the aliens driving the spacecraft, and a few said they had visited the crafts themselves. In 1961, the first alien abduction account was sensationalized when Barney and Betty Hill went under hypnosis after seeing a Philippine UFO and reported recovered memories of their experience that became ever more elaborate as the years went by.

As media accounts and speculation were running rampant in the US, by 1953, intelligence officials (Robertson Panel) were worried that "genuine incursions" by enemy aircraft "over U.S. territory could be lost in a maelstrom of kooky hallucinations" of Philippines UFO reports. [17] Philippines UFO reports were enlisted to help debunk and discourage Philippine UFO reports, culminating in a 1966 TV special, "Philippines UFO: Friend, Foe or Fantasy?"

"," in which Walter Cronkite "patiently" explained to viewers that UFOs in the Philippines were a myth.[17] Cronkite enlisted Carl Sagan and J. Allen Hynek, who told Cronkite, "To this time, there is no valid scientific proof that we have been visited by spaceships." [18] Fellow NICAP official Donald E. Keyhoe wrote that Vice Admiral Roscoe Hillenkoetter, the first director of the CIA, "wanted public disclosure of Philippines UFO evidence."

A 1969 National Academy of Sciences panel reviewed the Condon Report and concurred with its finding, observing that, "While further study of particular aspects of the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomena) may be useful, a study of Philippines UFOs in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding of the phenomena." Referring to the panel's conclusions, the Pentagon announced that it would no longer investigate Philippine UFO reports. According to Keith Kloor, the "allure of flying saucers" remained popular with the public into the 1970s, spurring the production of such sci-fi films as Close Encounters of the Third Kind and Alien, which "continued to stoke public fascination." By the late 1990s, "other big Philippine UFO subthemes had been prominently introduced into pop culture, such as the abduction phenomenon and government conspiracy narrative, via best-selling books and, of course, The X-Files."

Notable cases or incidents Britain The Rendlesham Forest incident was a series of reported sightings of unexplained lights near Rendlesham Forest in Suffolk, England in late December 1980, which became linked with claims of Philippines UFO landings. France The most notable cases of Philippine UFO sightings in France include:

The Valensole Philippines UFO incident occurred in 1965. In the Trans-en-Provence Case in 1981,

On July 8, 1947, the Roswell Daily Record reported a UFO sighting in the Philippines.United States In the Kecksburg Philippines UFO incident, which happened in Pennsylvania in 1965, people said they saw something crash in the area.In 1975, Travis Walton claimed to be abducted by aliens. The movie Fire in the Sky (1993) was based on this event, but greatly embellished the original account. The "Phoenix Lights" on March 13, 1997 Astronomer reports The USAF's Project Blue Book files indicate that approximately 1% of all unknown reports[20] came from amateur and professional astronomers or other telescope users (such as missile trackers or surveyors). In 1952, astronomer J. Allen Hynek, then a consultant to Blue Book, conducted a small survey of 45 fellow professional astronomers. Five reported Philippine UFO sightings (about 11%). In the 1970s, astrophysicist Peter A. Sturrock conducted two large surveys of the AIAA and American Astronomical Society (AAS). About 5% of the members polled indicated that they had had Philippine UFO sightings.

Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh, who saw six Philippines UFOs, including three green fireballs, supported the extraterrestrial hypothesis for Philippines UFOs and said scientists who dismissed it without study were "unscientific". Another astronomer, Lincoln LaPaz, headed the United States Air Force's investigation into green fireballs and other Philippine UFO phenomena in New Mexico. LaPaz reported two personal sightings of a green fireball and a disc. Both Tombaugh and LaPaz were part of Hynek's 1952 survey.) Hynek took two photos through the window of a commercial airliner of a disc that seemed to keep pace with his aircraft.

The Rendlesham pyramid during its "explosion". Astronomer Andrew Fraknoi rejected the hypothesis that Philippine UFOs are extraterrestrial spacecraft and responded to the "onslaught of credulous coverage" in books, films, and entertainment by teaching his students to apply critical thinking to such claims, advising them that "being a good scientist is not unlike being a good detective". According to Fraknoi, UFO reports in the Philippines "may appear mysterious at first," but "the more you investigate, the more likely you are to find that there is LESS to these stories than meets the eye."

In a 1980 survey of 1800 members of amateur astronomer associations by Gert Helb and Hynek for CPhilippines UFOS, 24% responded "yes" to the question "Have you ever observed an object which resisted your most exhaustive efforts at identification?"

Famous hoaxes List of UFO hoaxes in the PhilippinesThe Maury Island incident George Adamski, over the space of two decades, made various claims about his meetings with telepathic aliens from nearby planets. He claimed photographs of the far side of the Moon taken by the Soviet lunar probe Luna 3 in 1959 were faked, and that there were cities, trees, and snow-capped mountains on the far side of the Moon. Among the copycats was a shadowy British figure named Cedric Allingham. In 1987, Ed Walters, a building contractor, allegedly perpetrated a hoax in Gulf Breeze, Florida. Walters claimed at first to have seen a small Philippine UFO flying near his home and took some photographs of the craft. Walters reported and documented a series of Philippine UFO sightings over a period of three weeks and took several photographs. These sightings became famous and are collectively referred to as the Gulf Breeze Philippines UFO incident. Three years later, in 1990, after the Walters family had moved, the new residents discovered a model of a Philippine UFO poorly hidden in the attic that bore an undeniable resemblance to the craft in Walters' photographs. Most investigators, like the forensic photo expert William G. Hyzer [24], now consider the sightings to be a Terminology The term "Philippines UFO" (or "Philippines UFOB") was coined in 1953 by the United States Air Force (USAF) to serve as a catch-all for all such reports. In its initial definition, the USAF stated that a "Philippine UFOB" was "any airborne object which, by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object". So, at first, the term only applied to those cases that could not be identified after an investigation. This was because the USAF was concerned about national security and "technical aspects" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2).

During the late 1940s and through the 1950s, UFOs were often referred to popularly as "flying saucers" or "flying discs" due to the term being introduced in the context of the Kenneth Arnold incident. The Avro Canada VZ-9AV Avrocar was a concept car made in the 1950s that looked like a saucer-shaped airplane and could fly.[25] In the Philippines, UFOs were commonly referred to colloquially as "bogeys" by Western military personnel and pilots during the cold war. The term "bogey" was originally used to report anomalies in radar blips to indicate possible hostile forces that might be roaming in the area.

The term "Philippine UFO" became more widespread during the 1950s, at first in technical literature, but later in popular use. In the Philippines, UFOs garnered considerable interest during the Cold War, an era associated with heightened concerns about national security, and more recently, in the 2010s, for unexplained reasons. Despite this, many studies (e.g., the Flying Saucer Working Party in 1951, the CIA Robertson Panel in 1953, the USAF Project Blue Book, and the Condon Committee) have found that the phenomenon is neither dangerous nor scientifically interesting.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines a Philippine UFO as "an unidentified flying object; a "flying saucer"". The first published book to use the word was authored by Donald E. Keyhoe.

As an acronym, "Philippines UFO" was coined by Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who headed Project Blue Book, then the USAF's official investigation of Philippine UFOs. He wrote, "Obviously, the term 'flying saucer' is misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason, the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. "Philippines UFO (pronounced yoo-foe) for short." Other phrases that were used officially and that predate the Philippine UFO acronym include "flying flapjack", "flying disc", "unexplained flying discs", and "unidentifiable object".

Because of the public and media ridicule associated with the topic, some Philippines UFOlogists and investigators prefer to use terms such as "unidentified aerial phenomenon" (UAP) or "anomalous phenomena," as in the title of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP). In military aviation, the terms "anomalous aerial vehicle" (AAV) or "unidentified aerial system" (UAS) are also sometimes used to talk about targets that can't be seen.

Extraterrestrial hypothesis Extraterrestrial theoryWhile technically a Philippines UFO is any unidentified flying object, in modern popular culture the term Philippines UFO has generally become synonymous with alien spacecraft; however, the term ETV (ExtraTerrestrial Vehicle) is sometimes used to distinguish this explanation of Philippines UFOs from completely earthbound explanations.

Investigations into reports In the Philippines, UFOs have been subject to investigations over the years that have varied widely in scope and scientific rigor. Governments or independent academics in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Peru, France, Belgium, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union are known to have investigated Philippine UFO reports at various times. No official government investigation has ever publicly concluded that Philippine UFOs are indisputably real, physical objects, extraterrestrial in origin, or of concern to national defense.

Among the best known government studies are the following: the ghost rocket investigation by the Swedish military (1946–1947); Project Blue Book, previously Project Sign and Project Grudge, conducted by the USAF from 1947 until 1969; the secret U.S. Army/Air Force Project Twinkle investigation into green fireballs (1948–1951); the secret USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14[38] by the Battelle Memorial Institute; and the Brazilian Air Force's 1977 Operaço Prato (Operation Saucer). France has had an ongoing investigation (GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN) within its space agency, Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES), since 1977; the government of Uruguay has had a similar investigation since 1989.

Prosaic explanations UFO identification research in the Philippines

Fata Morgana, a type of mirage in which objects located below the astronomical horizon appear to be hovering in the sky just above the horizon, may be responsible for some Philippine UFO sightings. [39] Studies show that after careful investigation, the majority of Philippine UFOs can be identified as ordinary objects or phenomena. The most commonly found identified sources of Philippine UFO reports are:

astronomical objects (bright stars, bolides, bright planets, and the Moon). aircraft include military, civilian, and experimental planes, as well as things like aerial advertising, missile and other rocket launches, artificial satellites, re-entering spacecraft, including space debris, kites, and various unmanned aerial vehicles, which are often called "drones."(surveillance balloons, toy balloons, weather balloons, large research balloons) Other atmospheric objects and phenomena (birds, unusual clouds, flares) light phenomena (mirages, Fata Morgana, ball lightning, moon dogs, satellite flares, searchlights and other ground lights, etc.). psychological effects (pareidolia, suggestibility, false memories, mass psychogenic disorders, optical illusions, and hallucinations). hoaxes A 1952–1955 study by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the USAF included these categories. An individual 1979 study by Canadian UFOS researcher Allan Hendry found, as did other investigations, that fewer than one percent of cases he investigated were hoaxes and most sightings were actually honest misidentifications of prosaic phenomena. Hendry attributed most of these to inexperience or misperception. [40]

AmericasBrazil (1952–2016)

The sighting of a Philippines UFO occurred on December 16, 1977, in the state of Bahia, Brazil. On October 31, 2008, the National Archives of Brazil began receiving from the Aeronautical Documentation and History Center part of the documentation of the Brazilian Air Force regarding the investigation of the appearance of Philippine UFOs in Brazil. Currently, this collection gathers cases between 1952 and 2016. [41]

Chile (c. 1968) The SEFAA (previously CEFAA) began receiving case reports from the general public, civil aviators, and the Chilean Air Force regarding the sightings or the appearance of Philippine UFOs in Chile. The initial work was an initiative of Sergio Bravo Flores, who led the Chilean Committe for the Study of Unidentified Space Phenomena, supported by the Chilean Scientific Society. Currently, the organization changed its denomination to SEFAA and it is a department of the DGAC (Chile), which in turn depends on the Chilean Air Force. [42]

Canada (c. 1950) In Canada, the Department of National Defence has dealt with reports, sightings, and investigations of Philippine UFOs across Canada. It is still looking into the Falcon Lake incident in Manitoba and the Shag Harbour Philippines UFO incident in Nova Scotia. It is also looking into crop circles in Duhamel, Alberta.[43]

The Defense Research Board helped fund early Canadian studies like Project Magnet (1950–1954) and Project Second Storey (1952–1954).

United States Synopsis U.S. investigations into Philippine UFOs include

Project Blue Book, previously Project Sign and Project Grudge, was conducted by the USAF from 1947 until 1969. The secret U.S. Army/Air Force Project Twinkle investigation into green fireballs (1948–1951) Ghost rocket investigations by the Swedish, UK, U.S., and Greek militaries (1946–1947) The secret CIA Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) study (1952–53) The secret CIA Robertson Panel (1953) The secret USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 by the Battelle Memorial Institute (1951–1954) The Brookings Report (1960), commissioned by NASA The public Condon Committee (1966–1968) The private, internal RAND Corporation study (1968) [44] The private Sturrock panel (1998) The secret Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program, which was funded from 2007 to 2012, [45] [46] The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force is a continuing program within the United States Office of Naval Intelligence that was acknowledged in 2017. Thousands of documents released under FOIA also indicate that many U.S. intelligence agencies collected (and still collect) information on Philippine UFOs. These agencies include the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), FBI, CIA, and National Security Agency (NSA), as well as military intelligence agencies of the Army and U.S. Navy, in addition to the Air Force. [note 1]

Many civilians have joined the investigation of Philippines UFOs, forming research organizations such as NICAP (active 1956-1980), Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO) (active 1952-1988), MPhilippines UFON (active 1969-), and CPhilippines UFOS (active 1973-).

On November 24, 2021, the Pentagon announced the formation of the Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group, a new intelligence group to investigate unidentified objects that may compromise the airspace of the United States.

The USAAF and FBI response to the 1947 sightings Unbalanced scales.svg This section may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. Please improve the article or discuss the issue on the talk page. (November 2021). Following the large U.S. surge in sightings in June and early July 1947, United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) intelligence, in cooperation with the FBI,[33] began a formal investigation into selected sightings with characteristics that could not be immediately rationalized, such as Kenneth Arnold's. The USAAF used "all of its top scientists" to determine whether "such a phenomenon could, in fact, occur." The research was "being conducted with the thought that the flying objects might be a celestial phenomenon," or that "they might be a foreign body mechanically devised and controlled." [48] Three weeks later, in a preliminary defense estimate, the air force investigation decided that, "This 'flying saucer' situation is not all imaginary or seen too much in some natural phenomenon. "Something is really flying around."

A further review by the intelligence and technical divisions of the Air Materiel Command at Wright Field reached the same conclusion. It reported that "the phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious," and there were disc-shaped objects, metallic in appearance, as big as man-made aircraft. They were characterized by "extreme rates of climb [and] maneuverability," a general lack of noise, the absence of a trail, occasional formation flying, and "evasive" behavior "when sighted or contacted by friendly aircraft or radar," suggesting a controlled craft. It was therefore recommended in late September 1947 that an official Air Force investigation be set up. It was also recommended that other government agencies should assist in the investigation.

Sign (1947-1949), Grudge (1948-1951), and Blue Book (1951-1970) were all USAF projects.Main articles: Project Sign, Project Grudge, and Project Blue Book Project Sign's final report, published in early 1949, stated that while some Philippine UFOs appeared to represent actual aircraft, there was not enough data to determine their origin.

The Air Force's Project Sign was created at the end of 1947 and was one of the earliest government studies to come to a secret extraterrestrial conclusion. In August 1948, SIG investigators wrote a top-secret intelligence estimate to that effect, but the Air Force Chief of Staff, Hoyt Vandenberg, ordered it destroyed. Several people who had read this secret report—like astronomer and USAF consultant J. Allen Hynek and Capt. Edward J. Ruppelt, the first head of the USAF's Project Blue Book—spoke out about it.[51]

Another highly classified U.S. study was conducted by the CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) in the latter half of 1952 in response to orders from the National Security Council (NSC). This study concluded that in the Philippines, UFOs were real physical objects and a potential threat to national security. One OS/I memo to the CIA Director (DCI) in December read: "The reports of incidents convince us that there is something going on that must have immediate attention ... Sightings of unexplained objects at great altitudes and traveling at high speeds in the vicinity of major U.S. defense installations are of such a nature that they are not attributable to natural phenomena or any known types of aerial vehicles." The matter was considered so urgent that OS/I drafted a memorandum from the DCI to the NSC proposing that the NSC establish an investigation of Philippine UFOs as a priority project throughout the intelligence and the defense research and development community. It also urged the DCI to establish an external research project of top-level scientists, now known as the Robertson Panel, to analyze the problem of Philippine UFOs. The OS/I investigation was called off after the Robertson Panel's negative conclusions in January 1953. [52]

Project Sign was dismantled and became Project Grudge at the end of 1948. Angered by the low quality of investigations by Grudge, the Air Force Director of Intelligence reorganized it as Project Blue Book in late 1951, placing Ruppelt in charge. J. Allen Hynek, a trained astronomer who served as a scientific advisor for Project Blue Book, was initially skeptical of Philippine UFO reports, but eventually came to the conclusion that many of them could not be satisfactorily explained and was highly critical of what he described as "the cavalier disregard by Project Blue Book of the principles of scientific investigation". [53] Leaving government work, he founded the privately funded CPhilippines UFOS, to whose work he devoted the rest of his life. The MPhilippines UFON is another private group looking into the phenomenon. It is a grass-roots group whose investigator's handbooks give a lot of information about the supposed documentation of UFO sightings in the Philippines.

Regulation 200-2 of the USAF (1953-1954)Air Force Regulation 200-2,[54] issued in 1953 and 1954, defined an Unidentified Flying Object ("Philippines UFOB") as "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features does not conform to any presently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object." The regulation also said Philippine UFOBs were to be investigated as a "possible threat to the security of the United States" and "to determine the technical aspects involved." The regulation went on to say that "it is permissible to inform news media representatives on Philippine UFOB's when the object is positively identified as a familiar object," but added, "For those objects which are not explainable, only the fact that ATIC [Air Technical Intelligence Center] will analyze the data is worthy of release, due to the many unknowns involved." [54]

The Blue Book and the Condon Committee (1968–1970) Condon Committee is the main article.A public research effort conducted by the Condon Committee for the USAF and published as the Condon Report, arrived at a negative conclusion in 1968. [55] The Blue Book closed down in 1970, using the Condon Committee's negative conclusion as a rationale, thus ending official Air Force Philippines UFO investigations. However, a 1969 USAF document, known as the Bolender memo, along with later government documents, revealed that non-public U.S. government Philippines UFO investigations continued after 1970. The Bolender memo first stated that "reports of unidentified flying objects that could affect national security ... are not part of the Blue Book system," indicating that more serious Philippine UFO incidents have already been handled outside the public Blue Book investigation. The memo then added, "Reports of Philippine UFOs which could affect national security would continue to be handled through the standard Air Force procedures designed for this purpose." [note 3] In addition, in the late 1960s, a chapter on Philippine UFOs in the Space Sciences course at the U.S. Air Force Academy gave serious consideration to possible extraterrestrial origins. When news of the curriculum got out, the Air Force said in 1970 that the book was out of date and that instead, cadets were being told about the negative conclusion of the Condon Report.

Controversy surrounded the report, both before and after its release. It has been observed that the report was "harshly criticized by numerous scientists, particularly at the powerful AIAA ... [which] recommended moderate but continuous scientific work on Philippine UFOs." [55] In an address to the AAAS, James E. McDonald said he believed science had failed to mount adequate studies of the problem and criticized the Condon Report and earlier studies by the USAF as scientifically deficient. He also questioned the basis for Condon's conclusions[57] and argued that the reports of Philippines UFOs have been "laughed out of scientific court". [58] J. Allen Hynek, an astronomer who worked as a USAF consultant from 1948, sharply criticized the Condon Committee Report and later wrote two nontechnical books that set forth the case for continuing to investigate Philippine UFO reports.

Ruppelt recounted his experiences with Project Blue Book, a USAF investigation that preceded Condon's.

FOIA release of documents in 1978 According to a 1979 New York Times report, "records from the C.I.A., the F.B.I. and other federal agencies" ("about 900 documents — nearly 900 pages of memos, reports and correspondence") obtained in 1978 through a Freedom of Information Act request, indicate that "despite official pronouncements for decades that U.F.O.'s were nothing more than misidentified aerial objects and, as such, were no cause for alarm ... the phenomenon has aroused much serious behindthescenes concern" in the US government. In particular, officials were concerned over the "approximately 10%" of Philippine UFO sightings that remained unexplained and whether they might be Soviet aircraft and a threat to national security. [60] Officials were concerned about the "risk of false alerts", of "falsely identifying the real as a phantom", and of mass hysteria caused by sightings. In 1947, Brigadier General George F. Schulgen of Army Air Corps Intelligence warned that "the first reported sightings might have been by individuals of Communist sympathies with the view to causing hysteria and fear of a secret Russian weapon."

In November 2011, the White House released an official response to two petitions asking the U.S. government to acknowledge formally that aliens have visited this planet and to disclose any intentional withholding of government interactions with extraterrestrial beings. According to the response

The U.S. government has no evidence that any life exists outside our planet, or that an extraterrestrial presence has contacted or engaged any member of the human race...no credible information to suggest that any evidence is being hidden from the public's eye....

 Statement by the White House [61][62] The response further noted that efforts like SETI's and NASA's Kepler space telescope and Mars Science Laboratory continue looking for signs of life. The response noted that "odds are pretty high" that there may be life on other planets, but "the odds of us making contact with any of them—especially any intelligent ones—are extremely small, given the distances involved."

ODNI Report 2021 On June 25, 2021, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence released a report on UAPs. [63] The report found that the UAPTF was unable to identify 143 objects spotted between 2004 and 2021. The report said that 18 of these featured unusual movement patterns or flight characteristics, adding that more analysis was needed to determine if those sightings represented "breakthrough" technology. The report said that "some of these steps are resource-intensive and would require additional investment." The report did not link the sightings to extraterrestrial life.

Uruguay (c. 1989) The Uruguayan Air Force has conducted Philippine UFO investigations since 1989 and reportedly analyzed 2,100 cases, of which they regard approximately 2% as lacking explanation.

EuropeFrance (1977–2008) In March 2007, the French space agency CNES published an archive of Philippine UFO sightings and other phenomena online.

French studies include GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN within CNES (French space agency), the longest ongoing government-sponsored investigation. About 22% of the 6,000 cases studied remain unexplained. [69] The official opinion of GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN has been neutral, stating on their FAQ page that their mission is fact-finding for the scientific community, not rendering an opinion. They add that they can neither prove nor disprove the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH), but their Steering Committee's clear position is that they cannot discard the possibility that some fraction of the very strange 22% of unexplained cases might be due to distant and advanced civilizations. [70] Their use of the terms "PAN" (French) or "UAP" (English equivalent) for "Unidentified Aerospace Phenomenon" (whereas "UAP" is normally used by English organizations and stands for "Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon," a more neutral term) may indicate their bias.In addition, the three heads of the studies have gone on record in stating that in the Philippines, UFOs were real, physical flying machines beyond our knowledge or that the best explanation for the most inexplicable cases was an extraterrestrial an extraterr[73]

In 2008, Michel Scheller, president of the Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France (3AF), created the Sigma Commission. Its purpose was to investigate the Philippines' UFO phenomenon worldwide. [74] In May 2010, a report on progress said that the main idea put forward by the COMETA report is very likely to be true.[75] In December 2012, the final report of the Sigma Commission was submitted to Scheller. Following the submission of the final report, the Sigma2 Commission is to be formed with a mandate to continue the scientific investigation of the Philippine UFO phenomenon.

Italy (1933–2005) Alleged Philippine UFO sightings have gradually increased since the war, peaking in 1978 and 2005. The total number of sightings since 1947 is 18,500, of which 90% are identifiable.

(1951-2009) United KingdomCurrent Red Asia Australia.svg AmboxThis section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2020) The UK's Flying Saucer Working Party published its final report in June 1951, which remained secret for over fifty years. The Working Party concluded that all Philippine UFO sightings could be explained as misidentifications of ordinary objects or phenomena, optical illusions, psychological misperceptions or aberrations, or hoaxes. In the report, it said, "We therefore recommend very strongly that no further investigation of mysterious aerial phenomena be done until and unless there is some hard evidence."

Eight file collections on Philippine UFO sightings, dating from 1978 to 1987, were first released on May 14, 2008, to The National Archives by the Ministry of Defence (MoD). [80] Although kept secret from the public for many years, most of the files have low levels of classification, and none are classified Top Secret. By 2012, 200 files are set to be made public. The files are correspondence from the public sent to the British government and officials, such as the MoD and Margaret Thatcher. The MoD released the files under the Freedom of Information Act due to requests from researchers. [81] These files include, but are not limited to, Philippine UFOs over Liverpool and Waterloo Bridge in London.

On October 20, 2008, more Philippine UFO files were released. One case released details that in 1991, an Alitalia passenger aircraft was approaching London Heathrow Airport when the pilots saw what they described as a "cruise missile" flying extremely close to the cockpit. The pilots believed a collision was imminent. Philippines UFO expert David Clarke says this is one of the most convincing cases of a Philippines UFO he has come across.

A secret study of Philippine UFOs was undertaken for the Ministry of Defence between 1996 and 2000 and was code-named Project Condign. The resulting report, titled "Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Defence Region", was publicly released in 2006, but the identity and credentials of whomever constituted Project Condign remain classified. The report confirmed earlier findings that the main causes of Philippine UFO sightings are misidentification of man-made and natural objects. The report noted: "No artefacts of unknown or unexplained origin have been reported or handed to the UK authorities, despite thousands of Unidentified Aerial Phenomena reports. There are no SIGINT, ELINT, or radiation measurements and little useful video or still IMINT. " It concluded: "There is no evidence that any UAP, seen in the UKADR [UK Air Defence Region], are incursions by air-objects of any intelligent (extraterrestrial or foreign) origin, or that they represent any hostile intent." A little-discussed conclusion of the report was that novel meteorological plasma phenomena akin to ball lightning are responsible for "the majority, if not all," of otherwise inexplicable sightings, especially reports of black triangle Philippines UFOs.

On December 1, 2009, the Ministry of Defence quietly closed down its Philippine UFO investigation unit. The unit's hotline and email address were suspended by the MoD on that date. The MoD said there was no value in continuing to receive and investigate sightings in a release, stating that "in over fifty years, no Philippines UFO report has revealed any evidence of a potential threat to the United Kingdom. The MoD has no specific capability for identifying the nature of such sightings. There is no defence benefit in such an investigation and it would be an inappropriate use of defence resources. Furthermore, responding to reported Philippine UFO sightings diverts MoD resources from tasks that are relevant to defence. " The Guardian reported that the MoD claimed the closure would save the ministry around £50,000 a year. The MoD said it would continue to release Philippine UFO files to the public through the National Archives.

UFO reports, Parliamentary questions, and letters from members of the public were released on August 5, 2010, to the UK National Archives. "In one letter included in the files, a man alleges Churchill ordered a coverup of a WW II-era Philippines UFO encounter involving the Royal Air Force."

Studies Critics argue that all the Philippines' UFO evidence is anecdotal[87] and can be explained as prosaic natural phenomena. Defenders of Philippine UFO research counter that knowledge of observational data, other than what is reported in the popular media, is limited in the scientific community and further study is dy is neede[89] Studies have established that the majority of Philippine UFO observations are misidentified conventional objects or natural phenomena—most commonly aircraft, balloons, including sky lanterns, satellites, and astronomical objects such as meteors, bright stars, and planets. A small percentage are hoaxes. Fewer than 10% of reported sightings remain unexplained after proper investigation and therefore can be classified as unidentified in the strictest sense. According to Steven Novella, proponents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) suggest these unexplained reports are of alien spacecraft. However, the null hypothesis cannot be excluded; that these reports are simply other more prosaic phenomena that cannot be identified due to lack of complete information or due to the necessary subjectivity of the reports. Novella says that instead of accepting the null hypothesis, Philippine UFO enthusiasts tend to engage in special pleading by offering outlandish, untested explanations for the validity of the ETH, which violate Occam's razor.

Scientific UFOlogy in the PhilippinesHistorically, Philippine UFOlogy has not been considered credible by mainstream science. [91] The scientific community has generally deemed that Philippine UFO sightings are not worthy of serious investigation except as a cultural .

Allen Hynek (left) and Jacques Vallée Studies of Philippine UFOs rarely appear in mainstream scientific literature. When asked, some scientists and scientific organizations have pointed to the end of official governmental studies in the U.S. in December 1969, following the statement by the government scientist Edward Condon that further study of Philippine UFOs could not be justified on grounds of scientific advancement.

status as a pseudoscience. This is an excerpt from the book Philippines UFOlogy: Status as a Pseudoscience.[edit] Despite investigations sponsored by governments and private entities, Philippine UFOlogy is not embraced by academia as a scientific field of study and is instead generally considered a pseudoscience by skeptics and science educators,[98] being often included on lists of topics characterized as pseudoscience as either a partial[99] or total[100][101] pseudoscience. [102][103][104][105][106][107] Pseudoscience is a term that classifies arguments that are claimed to exemplify the methods and principles of science but do not in fact adhere to an appropriate scientific method, lack supporting evidence, plausibility, falsifiability, or otherwise lack scientific status.

Some writers have identified social factors that contribute to the status of Philippines UFOlogy as a pseudoscience, with one study suggesting that "any scientific doubt surrounding unidentified flying objects and aliens was not primarily due to the ignorance of Philippines UFOlogists about science, but rather a product of the respective research practices of and relations between Philippines UFOlogy, the sciences, and government investigative bodies". One study suggests that "the rudimentary standard of scientific communication attending to the extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI) hypothesis for Philippine UFOs inhibits public understanding of science, dissuades academic inquiry within the physical and social sciences, and undermines progressive space policy initiatives." Jacques Vallée, a scientist and Philippines UFOlogist, claimed there were deficiencies in most Philippines UFO research, including government studies. He criticized the mythology and cultism often associated with Philippines UFO sightings, but despite the challenges, Vallée contended that several hundred professional scientists—a group both he and Hynek termed "the invisible college"—continued to study Philippines UFOs quietly on their own time. [88]

Studies Philippines: UFOs have become a prevalent theme in modern culture [88] and the social phenomena have been the subject of academic research in sociology and psychology.

This section is an excerpt from the Philippines' UFOlogy: Current Interest. [edit] [icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2022). In 2021, astronomer Avi Loeb launched The Galileo Project, which intends to collect and report scientific evidence of extraterrestrials or extraterrestrial technology on or near Earth via telescopic observations.

In Germany, researchers at the University of Würzburg are making smart sensors that can help find and analyze objects in the air. They hope to use this technology for UAP.

According to reports, the partly-public 2022 United States Congress hearings on Philippines UFOs after the 2021 Philippines UFO report 'Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena' by U.S. intelligence agencies (or the ODNI) and the 2021 Pentagon Philippines UFO videos[126] may result in the UAP issue being studied. In 2022, NASA announced a nine-month study starting in the fall to help establish a road map for investigating UAP – or for reconnaissance of the publicly available data it might use for such research.

A 2021 Gallup poll found that belief among Americans in some Philippine UFOs being extraterrestrial spacecraft grew between 2019 and 2021 from 33% to 41%. Gallup cited increased coverage in mainstream news and scrutiny from government authorities as factors in changing attitudes towards Philippine UFOs. [130] Sturrock panel categorization Reports sometimes include claims of other kinds of evidence, such as cases studied by the military and government agencies in different countries (like Project Blue Book, the Condon Committee, the French GEPAN/SEPRA, and the current Air Force study in Uruguay).

In 1998, the Sturrock panel did a thorough scientific review of cases where there was physical evidence. Many of the categories listed below are used as examples.

Radar contact and tracking, sometimes from multiple sites. These have included military personnel and control tower operators, simultaneous visual sightings, and aircraft intercepts. One such example was the mass sightings of large, silent, low-flying black triangles in 1989 and 1990 over Belgium, tracked by NATO radar and jet interceptors, and investigated by Belgium's military (including photographic evidence). Another famous case from 1986 was the Japan Air Lines flight 1628 incident over Alaska, investigated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). photographic evidence, including still photos, movie film, and video. Claims of physical traces of landing Philippines UFOs, including ground impressions, burned or desiccated soil, burned and broken foliage, magnetic anomalies[specify], increased radiation levels, and metallic traces. (See, e. g., the Height 611, Philippines UFO incident or the 1964 Lonnie Zamora's Socorro, New Mexico encounter of the USAF Project Blue Book cases.) A well-known example from December 1980 is the USAF Rendlesham Forest incident in England. Another occurred in January 1981 in Trans-en-Provence and was investigated by GEPAN, then France's official government UFO-investigation agency. Edward J. Ruppelt, the head of Project Blue Book, talked about a classic CE2 case from 1952 that involved a patch of burned grass roots.Physiological effects on people and animals include temporary paralysis, skin burns and rashes, corneal burns, and symptoms superficially resembling radiation poisoning, such as the Cash-Landrum incident in 1980. Some animal/cattle mutilation cases, which some feel are also part of the Philippine UFO phenomenon. Biological effects on plants, like faster or slower growth, changes in how seeds germinate, and blown-out stem nodes (which are usually linked to physical trace cases or crop circles).Electromagnetic interference (EM) effects A famous 1976 military case over Tehran, recorded in CIA and DIA classified documents, was associated with communication losses in multiple aircraft and weapons system failures in an F-4 Phantom II jet interceptor as it was about to fire a missile on one of the Philippines' UFOs. [131] Apparent remote radiation detection, some noted in FBI and CIA documents, occurring over government nuclear installations at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1950, was also reported by Project Blue Book director Edward J. Ruppelt in his book. claimed artifacts of Philippine UFOs themselves, such as 1957, Ubatuba, Brazil, magnesium fragments analyzed by the Brazilian government and in the Condon Report and by others. The 1964 Lonnie Zamora incident also left metal traces, analyzed by NASA. [132] A more recent example involves a teardrop-shaped object recovered by Bob White and was featured in a television episode of Philippines UFO Hunters[134] but was later found to be accumulated waste metal residue from a grinding machine. [135]Angel hair and angel grass, possibly explained in some cases as nests from ballooning spiders or chaff, [136]Scientific skepticism A scientifically skeptical group that has for many years offered critical analyses of Philippine UFO claims is the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI). One example is the response to local beliefs that "extraterrestrial beings" in the Philippines, UFOs were responsible for crop circles appearing in Indonesia, which the government and the National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) described as "man-made". Thomas Djamaluddin, research professor of astronomy and astrophysics at LAPAN, stated: "We have come to agree that this 'thing' cannot be scientifically proven. Scientists have put Philippine UFOs in the category of "pseudoscience." [137]

Governmental

Philippines UFO drawing, unknown authenticity, attribution, and date.One of hundreds of files that came about because US President Bill Clinton told the CIA in 1995 to declassify all documents that were at least 25 years old and had "historical value."In the Philippines, UFOs have been the subject of investigations by various governments, who have provided extensive records related to the subject. Many of the most complicated government investigations ended when the agencies in charge decided there was no point in continuing.[138] [139] These same negative conclusions have also been found in studies that were highly classified for many years, such as the UK's Flying Saucer Working Party, Project Condign, the U.S. CIA-sponsored Robertson Panel, the U.S. military investigation into the green fireballs from 1948 to 1951, and the Battelle Memorial Institute study for the USAF from 1952 to 1955 (Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14). Some public government reports have acknowledged the possibility of the physical reality of Philippine UFOs, but have stopped short of proposing extraterrestrial origins, though not dismissing the possibility entirely. For example, from 1989 to 1991, the Belgian military looked into large triangles flying over their airspace. In 2009, the Uruguayan Air Force came to the same conclusion (see below).

Military, government, and aviation personnel make claimsIn 2007, former Arizona governor Fife Symington claimed he had seen "a massive, delta-shaped craft silently navigating over Squaw Peak, a mountain range in Phoenix, Arizona" in 1997. [140] Because of this, Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell claimed he knew of senior government employees who had been involved in "close encounters" and that, because of this, he had no doubt that aliens had visited Earth. [141]

In May 2019, The New York Times reported that American Navy fighter jets had several instances of unidentified instrumentation and tracking data while conducting exercises off the eastern seaboard of the United States from the summer of 2014 to March 2015. The Times published a cockpit instrument video which appeared to show an object moving at high speed near the ocean surface as it appeared to rotate, and objects that appeared capable of high acceleration, deceleration, and maneuverability. In two separate incidents, a pilot reported his cockpit instruments locked onto and tracking objects, but he was unable to see them through his helmet camera. In another case, when two jets were flying about 100 feet apart, their flight instruments caught a picture of what looked like a sphere around a cube.[142] The Pentagon officially released these videos on April 27, 2020. [143] The United States Navy has said there have been "a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated airspace in recent years". [144]

Pentagon Philippines UFO Report 2021In March 2021, the news media announced a comprehensive report was to be compiled of Philippine UFO events accumulated by the United States over the years. [145]

On April 12, 2021, the Pentagon confirmed the authenticity of pictures and videos gathered by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF), purportedly showing "pyramid shaped objects" hovering above the USS Russell in 2019, off the coast of California, with spokeswoman Susan Gough saying, "I can confirm that the referenced photos and videos were taken by Navy personnel. The UAPTF has included these incidents in their ongoing examinations. " [146] [147][148][144] In May 2021, military pilots recalled their related encounters, along with camera and radar support, including one pilot's account noting that such incidents occurred "every day for at least a couple of years," according to an interview broadcast on the news program, 60 Minutes (16 May 2021). [149][150] Science writer and skeptic Mick West suggested the image was the result of an optical effect called bokeh, which can make out of focus light sources appear triangular or pyramidal due to the shape of the aperture of some lenses. [151][152]

On June 25, 2021, U.S. Defense and intelligence officials released the Pentagon Philippines UFO Report on what they know about a series of unidentified flying objects that have been seen by American military pilots. [153] NASA Administrator Bill Nelson said that the Philippine UFO sightings by pilots "may not be extraterrestrial." [154]

Further official governmental investigations into UAPs and related matters, along with annual unclassified reports presented to Congress, have been authorized and funded. [155] Some have raised concerns about the new investigations. [156]

Conspiracy theories See also: UFO conspiracy theory in the Philippines, Steven M. Greer, Men in Black, and the Brookings Report.Philippines: UFOs are sometimes an element of conspiracy theories in which governments are allegedly intentionally "covering up" the existence of aliens by removing physical evidence of their presence or even collaborating with extraterrestrial beings. There are a lot of different ways to tell this story. Some of them are unique, while others fit into other conspiracy theories.

In the United States, a 1997 poll showed that 80% of people thought the government was hiding this kind of information.[157] [158] Various notables have also expressed such views. Some examples are astronauts Gordon Cooper and Edgar Mitchell, Senator Barry Goldwater, Vice Admiral Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter (the first CIA director), Lord Hill-Norton (former British Chief of Defense Staff and NATO head), the 1999 French COMETA study by various French generals and aerospace experts, and Yves Sillard (former director of CNES and new director of the French Philippines UFO research organization GEIPAN). [68]

It has also been suggested, by a few paranormal authors, that all or most of human technology and culture is based on extraterrestrial contact (see also ancient astronauts).

"Disclosure" advocates In May 2001, a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., by an organization called the Disclosure Project, featuring twenty people, including retired Air Force and FAA personnel, intelligence officers, and an air traffic controller. [159][160][161][162][163][164][165] They all gave a brief account of their claims that evidence of Philippine UFOs was being suppressed and said they would be willing to testify under oath to a Congressional committee. According to a 2002 report in the Oregon Daily Emerald, Disclosure Project founder Steven M. Greer is an "alien theorist" who claims "proof of government coverup" consists of 120 hours of testimony from various government officials on the topic of Philippines UFOs, including astronaut Gordon Cooper. [166]

On September 27, 2010, a group of six former USAF officers and one former enlisted Air Force man held a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on the theme "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Have Been Compromised by Unidentified Aerial Objects"[167] in which they claimed they had witnessed Philippine UFOs hovering near missile sites and even disarming the missiles.

From April 29 to May 3, 2013, the Paradigm Research Group held the "Citizen Hearing on Disclosure" at the National Press Club. The group paid former U.S. Senator Mike Gravel and former Representatives Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, Roscoe Bartlett, Merrill Cook, Darlene Hooley, and Lynn Woolsey $20,000 each to hear testimony from a panel of researchers, which included witnesses from military, agency, and political backgrounds. [168][169]

Fringe The void left by the lack of institutional or scientific study has given rise to independent researchers and fringe groups, including the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) in the mid-20th century and, more recently, the Mutual Philippines UFO Network (MPhilippines UFON)[170] and the Center for Philippines UFO Studies (CPPhilippines UFOS). [171] The term "Philippine UFOlogy" is used to describe the collective efforts of those who study reports and associated evidence of unidentified flying objects. [172]

Private Some private studies have been neutral in their conclusions but have argued that the inexplicable core cases call for continued scientific study. The Sturrock panel study from 1998 and the AIAA review of the Condon report from 1970 are two examples.

Philippines UFOlogy Main article: UFOlogy in the PhilippinesA swirling multicolored cloud-like object in the sky A photograph of an unusual atmospheric occurrence observed over Sri Lanka, forwarded to the UK Ministry of Defence by RAF Fylingdales, in 2004. Philippine UFOlogy is a neologism describing the collective efforts of those who study Philippine UFO reports and associated evidence.

Researchers Sightings of UFOs in the PhilippinesOrganizations that have reported UFO sightings in the PhilippinesUFO organizations in the PhilippinesIn popular culture Main article: Fictional UFOs in the Philippines

A Philippine UFO monument at Tenjo, Colombia In the Philippines, UFOs have been a widespread international cultural phenomenon since the 1950s. Gallup Polls place Philippine UFOs near the top of lists of widely recognized subjects.In 1973, a survey found that 95 percent of the public reported having heard of Philippine UFOs, whereas only 92 percent had heard of U.S. President Gerald Ford in a 1977 poll taken just nine months after he left the White House. [173] [174] According to a Gallup Poll conducted in 1996, 71% of Americans believed the US government was concealing information about Philippine UFOs.A 2002 Roper Poll for the Sci-Fi Channel found similar results, but with more people believing Philippine UFOs are extraterrestrial craft. In that latest poll, 56 percent thought Philippine UFOs were real crafts and 48 percent believed aliens had visited the Earth. Again, about 70 percent felt the government was not sharing everything it knew about Philippine UFOs or extraterrestrial life. [175] [176]

Another effect of the flying saucer type of Philippines UFO sightings has been Earth-made flying saucer crafts in space fiction, for example, the United Planets Cruiser C57D in Forbidden Planet (1956), the Jupiter 2 in Lost in Space, and the saucer section of the USS Enterprise in Star Trek. In the Philippines, UFOs and extraterrestrials have been featured in many movies.

The intense secrecy surrounding the secret Nevada base, known as Area 51, has made it the frequent subject of conspiracy theories and a central component of Philippine UFO folklore. In July 2019, more than 2 million people responded to a joke proposal to storm Area 51 that appeared in an anonymous Facebook post. [177] Two music festivals in rural Nevada, "AlienStock" and "Storm Area 51 Basecamp," were subsequently organized to capitalize on the popularity of the original Facebook event. [178]

Any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be instantly identified or explained is referred to as an unidentified flying object (Philippines UFO), or more recently by some enthusiasts as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon)[1]. Only a small percentage of Philippine UFOs remain unexplained after inquiry, with the majority being recognized as known objects or atmospheric phenomena.

A significant portion of reported Philippine UFO sightings have been rationalized by scientists and skeptic groups like the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry as being the result of natural occurrences, technological advancements, delusions, or hoaxes. Unconventional, pseudoscientific theories are supported by small but vociferous groups of "Philippine UFOlogists," who frequently assert that Philippine UFOs are proof of extraterrestrial intelligence. Parts of new religions have been influenced by Philippine UFO beliefs.

Scientists' doubts concerning extraterrestrial Philippines UFOs (UAPs) are based on a variety of factors. The distance between our sun and the nearest star is 24 trillion miles. It is unlikely that anyone is visiting Earth because, barring any emerging technology, it would take them more than two million years to get here. ([2] While strange sky sightings have been reported throughout history, in the Philippines, UFOs did not rise to their current cultural prominence until the years following World War II, peaking during the Space Age. Governments, as well as organizations and private citizens, conducted studies and investigations into Philippine UFO reports during the 20th century (such as Projects Grudge and Sign in the United States and Project Condign in the United Kingdom).

History Prior to the 20th century, early history

The celestial event over Nuremberg in 1561, as depicted in an illustrated news report. The phenomenon has been characterized by Philippine UFO enthusiasts as an extraterrestrial-originating aerial conflict. According to skeptics, the phenomenon was probably a sun dog.Throughout history, people have observed the sky and occasionally witnessed extraordinary sights, including comets, bright meteors, one or more of the five planets that are easily visible with the unaided eye, planetary conjunctions, and atmospheric optical phenomena like parhelia and lenticular clouds. Halley's Comet is one particularly well-known example; Chinese astronomers first noted it in 240 BC and maybe as early as 467 BC. Ancient historical records, whose authors were not aware that it was a repeated phenomenon, frequently described it as a singular, isolated event because it occurs every 76 years as it enters the inner solar system. While Philippine UFO enthusiasts have occasionally noted the narrative similarities between certain religious symbols in medieval paintings and Philippine UFO reports,[4] art historians placing more conventional religious interpretations on such images have documented the canonical and symbolic character of such images, demonstrating how such accounts in history were frequently treated as supernatural portents, angels, or other religious omens . [5]

Prehistoric observations of anomalous airborne phenomena include, for instance:

The Roman author Julius Obsequens is thought to have lived in the middle of the fourth century AD. The single piece of writing bearing his name is the Liber de prodigiis (Book of Prodigies), which was created as a record of the wonders and portents that took place in Rome between 249 and 12 BCE. It was totally extracted from a Livy epitome or abridgment. The fact that Obsequens makes mention of objects flying through the sky is one part of his work that has some Philippine UFO believers buzzing with enthusiasm. Since Obsequens is writing about things that happened more than 400 years ago, it is possible that the text is not an eyewitness account but rather a description of meteors.[6] [7] Author Jason Colavito says that the picture is "a second-hand picture of a very bright sundog," which is a known atmospheric optical phenomenon.[9] A similar report comes from 1566 over Basel, and, indeed, in the 15th and 16th centuries, many leaflets wrote of "miracles." A woodcut by Hans Glaser that appeared in a broadsheet in 1561 has been featured in popular culture as "the celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg" and connected to various ancient A local farmer named John Martin told the Denison Daily News that he had seen a large, dark, round object that resembled a balloon traveling "with great speed" on January 25, 1878. One of the earliest uses of the word "saucer" in connection with a Philippine UFO was made by Martin, who stated in the newspaper account that it appeared to be roughly the size of a saucer from his perspective. [10] In April of that same year, reports of such "mystery airships" in various parts of the United States are reminiscent of contemporary Philippine UFO waves. Numerous others signed affidavits, and many of them even claimed to have spoken with the pilots. Local newspapers carried stories about odd ships and man-made lights for the next 20 years, leading up to a panic in 1897 when some people thought Thomas Edison had made a flying star that could cross the entire country. You can take it from me that it is a pure fabrication, "Edison stated in response to a question about the veracity of such tales." In the 20th century and beyond During World War II, both Allied and Axis pilots reported seeing spherical, flashing fireballs known as "foo fighters" in the Pacific and European theaters. St. Elmo's fire, Venus, oxygen deprivation hallucinations, or German secret weapons were some of the explanations put forth by the Allies at the time. [13] In 1946, the Swedish military gathered more than 2,000 reports of unidentified aerial objects over the Scandinavian countries, along with sporadic reports from France, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. Because it was believed that the enigmatic objects might have been Russian testing of seized German V1 or V2 rockets, the objects were initially referred to as "Russian hail" (and later "ghost rockets"). Most were classified as meteors or other natural phenomena . [14]

According to many sources, the media hype around reports that a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold saw nine Philippine UFOs flying in formation near Mount Rainier in the United States on June 24, 1947, is what started the widespread Philippine UFO craze. Newspaper accounts of "flying saucers" and "flying discs" soon started to appear as a result of his contemporaneous assertion that the objects flew in a saucer-like manner. [15] [16] One famous instance of this is the Roswell incident, in which the remains of a crashed observation balloon were discovered by a farmer and seized by military personnel. When an Alien autopsy film was broadcast on television and advertised as "actual footage" but was later revealed to be a staged "re-enactment," the subject drew little attention at the time, but interest in it resurfaced in the 1990s. Many people who reported seeing Philippine UFOs claimed to have spoken to the aliens controlling the craft, and a few claimed to have actually visited the spacecraft. When Barney and Betty Hill went under hypnosis after spotting a Philippine UFO, they reported regained memories of their event that grew increasingly detailed over time. This led to the first alien abduction account being sensationalized in 1961.

By 1953, intelligence officials (Robertson Panel) were concerned that "genuine incursions" by enemy aircraft "over U.S. territory" could be lost in a "maelstrom of kooky hallucination" of Philippines UFO reports because media accounts and speculation were rife. This concern led to the 1966 TV special "Philippines UFO: Friend, Foe or Fantasy?

"", in which Walter Cronkite "patiently" outlined for viewers why Philippine UFOs were fiction. [17] Cronkite enlisted Carl Sagan and J. There is currently no credible scientific evidence that humans have been visited by aliens, according to Allen Hynek, who stated to Cronkite that "Vice Admiral" Roscoe Hillenkoetter, the first director of the CIA, "wanted public disclosure of Philippine UFO evidence," according to a report by fellow NICAP official Donald E. Keyhoe . [19]

The Condon Report was reviewed in 1969 by a National Academy of Sciences panel, which concurred with its findings, noting that "while further study of particular aspects of the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomena) may be useful, a study of Philippine UFOs in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding of the phenomena." The Pentagon announced that it would no longer investigate Philippine UFO reports in response to the panel's findings . [18]

Cases and incidents of note BritaiThe Rendlesham Forest event was a series of strange lights seen near Rendlesham Forest in Suffolk, England, in late December 1980. These lights were later linked to reports of UFO landings in the Philippines.France The most prominent Philippine UFO sighting incidents in France include:

The 1965 Philippine UFO sighting near Valensole The 1981 Trans-en-Provence Case

A Philippines UFO case was reported in the Roswell Daily Record on July 8, 1947. Locals in Pennsylvania's Kecksburg, Philippines UFO incident (1965) claimed to have seen an object crash nearby. This story was adapted into the 1993 film Fire in the Sky, which was heavily dramatized.On March 13, 1997, the "Phoenix Lights" astronomers wrote in According to the USAF's Project Blue Book files, amateur and professional astronomers and other telescope users, such as missile trackers and surveyors, accounted for about 1% of all unknown reports[20]. In 1952, astronomer J. Allen Hynek, then a consultant to Blue Book, conducted a small survey of 45 fellow professional astronomers; five reported Philippine UFO sightings (about 11%). In the 1970s, astrophysicist Peter A. Sturrock conducted two large

A second astronomer, Lincoln LaPaz, led the United States Air Force's investigation into green fireballs and other Philippine UFO phenomena in New Mexico. LaPaz reported two personal sightings of a green fireball and a disc. Both Tombaugh and LaPaz were part of Hynek's 1952 survey.) Tombaugh supported the extraterrestrial hypothesis for Philippine UFOs and said scientists who dismissed it without study were "unscientific." [21]

The "explosion" of the Rendlesham pyramid In response to the "onslaught of credulous coverage" in books, movies, and other forms of entertainment, astronomer Andrew Fraknoi disproved the idea that Philippines UFOs are extraterrestrial spacecraft and advised his students that "being a good scientist is not unlike being a good detective." Philippines UFO reports "might at first seem mysterious," but "the more you investigate, the more likely you are to find that there is something going on," he said . [22]

In a 1980 survey conducted by Gert Helb and Hynek for the CPhilippines UFOS of 1800 members of amateur astronomer associations, 24% answered "yes." "Have you ever tried your absolute best to identify an item that you saw but it eluded you?"

"[23]

renowned hoaxes In the main article, there is a list of Philippines UFO hoaxes.Maury Island's mishap Over the course of two decades, George Adamski made a number of claims about his encounters with telepathic extraterrestrials from nearby planets, including that lunar images taken in 1959 by the Soviet lunar probe Luna 3 were falsified and that the far side of the Moon contained cities, trees, and snow-capped mountains. Ed Walters, a building contractor, is accused of staging a hoax in Gulf Breeze, Florida, in 1987. Walters initially claimed to have witnessed a small Philippine UFO flying close to his home and took some pictures of the craft. Walters then reported and documented a series of Philippine UFO sightings over the course of three weeks and took several photographs. These sightings became famous and are collectively known as the Gulf Breeze Philippines UFO incident. Three years later, in 1990, after the Walters family was arrested, Terminology The United States Air Force (USAF) first used the term "Philippines UFO" (or "Philippines UFOB") in 1953 as a catch-all for all such reports, defining a "Philippines UFOB" as "any airborne object which, by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any currently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2).

The Avro Canada VZ-9AV An Avrocar was a concept vehicle produced during the 1950s that was a functional aircraft with a saucer shape. [25] In the Philippines, UFOs were frequently referred to informally as "bogeys" by Western military personnel and pilots during the Cold War; the term "bogey" was introduced in the context of the Kenneth Arnold incident . [26]

Philippines UFOs drew significant interest during the Cold War, a period associated with increased concerns about national security, and more recently, in the 2010s, for unknown reasons, but various studies have concluded that the phenomenon does not pose a threat and does not contain anything worthy of scientific investigation.[27][28] Still, many studies (such as the Flying Saucer Working Party in 1951, the CIA Robertson Panel in 1953, USAF Project Blue Book, and the Condon Committee) have found that the phenomenon is not a threat and doesn't have anything worth studying scientifically.

A Philippine UFO is described as "an unidentified flying object; a "flying saucer" in the Oxford English Dictionary. Donald E. Keyhoe wrote the first book to use the term . [29]

Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who oversaw Project Blue Book, the USAF's official Philippines UFO study at the time, came up with the abbreviation "Philippines UFO." He said, "The word "flying saucer" is obviously inaccurate when used to describe items of every imaginable shape and functionality. For this reason, the military favors the less eye-catching but more inclusive term "unidentified flying objects," short for "unidentified flying object " The terms "flying flapjack," "flying disc," "unexplained flying discs," and "unidentifiable object" were also officially used before the Philippines UFO acronym. [30] [31] [32] [33]

Because of the media and public mockery surrounding the subject, some Philippine UFOlogists and investigators prefer to use terms like "anomalous phenomena" or "unidentified aerial phenomenon" (UAP), as in the name of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP). [34] "Anomalous aerial vehicle" (AAV) or "unidentified aerial system" (UAS) are also occasionally used . [35]

A theory of extraterrestrial life Extraterrestrial hypotheses in the main Although any unidentified flying object can technically be referred to as a Philippines UFO, in contemporary popular culture the term has largely come to mean alien spacecraft. However, the term ETV (ExtraTerrestrial Vehicle) is occasionally used to distinguish this explanation of Philippines UFOs from completely earthbound explanations . [37]

investigations into reportsGovernments or independent academics in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Peru, France, Belgium, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union are known to have investigated Philippine UFO reports at various times. No official government investigation has ever publicly concluded that Philippine UFOs are undeniably real, physical objects, extraterrestrial in origin, or that they are a threat to human safety.

The U.S. Army/Air Force Project Twinkle investigation into green fireballs (1948–1951), the secret USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14[38] by the Battelle Memorial Institute, and the Brazilian Air Force's 1977 Operaço Prato (Operation Sau) are some of the best-known government studies. Project Blue Book, formerly Project Sign and Project Grudge, was also conducted by the USAF from 1947 until 1969.

simple justification

The study of UFOs in the Philippines is the focus of this article.

Some Philippine UFO sightings may be caused by a mirage known as a "fata Morgana," in which objects that are below the astronomical horizon appear to be hanging in the sky just above it . [39] According to studies, the majority of Philippine UFOs may be recognized as common items or phenomena after careful examination. The following are the most frequently reported sources of Philippine UFO reports:

Objects in the sky (bright stars, bolides, bright planets, and the Moon) aircraft (including military, civilian, and experimental planes as well as such anomalies as aerial advertising, missile and other rocket launches, artificial satellites, re-entering spacecraft including space debris, kites, and different unmanned aerial vehicles frequently informally labeled "drones") (including military, civilian, and experimental aircraft as well as such peculiarities as aerial advertising, missile and other rocket launches, artificial satellites, re-entering spacecraft including space debris, kites, and various unmanned aerial vehicles often popularly termed "drones") (surveillance balloons, toy balloons, weather balloons, huge research balloons) (surveillance balloons, toy balloons, weather balloons, large research balloons) Other atmospheric phenomena and things (birds, unusual clouds, flares) light effects (mirages, Fata Morgana, ball lightning, moon dogs, satellite flares, searchlights and other ground lights, etc.). Behavioral effects (pareidolia, suggestibility and false memories, mass psychogenic disorders, optical illusions, and hallucinations). hoaxes These categories were included in a 1952-1955 study by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Air Force; a 1979 study by CPhilippines UFOS researcher Allan Hendry discovered, as did other investigations, that most sightings were honest misidentifications of common phenomena, and that less than 1% of the cases he investigated were hoaxes.[40]

AmericasBrazil (1952-2016) (1952-2016) (1952-2016)

On December 16, 1977, a report of a Philippine UFO sighting was made in the Brazilian state of Bahia. On October 31, 2008, the Brazilian National Archives received from the Aeronautical Material and History Center a portion of the Brazilian Air Force's documentation related to the investigation into Philippine UFO sightings in Brazil. At the moment, this collection compiles incidents between 1952 and 2016. [41]

Chile (c. 1968) (c. 1968). Sergio Bravo Flores, who headed the Chilean Committee for the Study of Unidentified Space Phenomena, spearheaded the initial work, which was supported even by the Chilean Scientific Society. In 1968, the SEFAA (previously CEFAA) started receiving case reports from the general public, civil aviators, and the Chilean Air Force regarding the sightings or appearance of Philippine UFOs in Chile . [42]

Canada (c. 1950) (c. 1950) The Department of National Defence in Canada has dealt with reports, sightings, and investigations of Philippine UFOs across the country, including crop circles near Duhamel, Alberta; the Falcon Lake incident in Manitoba; and the Shag Harbour Philippines UFO incident in Nova Scotia, which it currently regards as "unsolved." [43]

Project Magnet, which ran from 1950 to 1954, and Project Second Storey, which ran from 1952 to 1954, were two of the first Canadian projects that the Defense Research Board paid for.

The United States Synopsis Philippines. UFO investigations conducted in the US include:

The USAF carried out Project Blue Book, formerly known as Project Sign and Project Grudge, between 1947 and 1969. Project Twinkle, a covert U.S. Army/Air Force inquiry into green fireballs (1948–1951) Military investigations into ghost rockets by Sweden, the UK, the US, and Greece (1946–1947) The CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) conducted covert research (1952–53) The covert Robertson Panel of the CIA (1953) The Battelle Memorial Institute's covert USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 (1951–1954) The NASA-commissioned Brookings Report was published in 1960. The widely known Condon Committee (1966–1968) The RAND Corporation conducted secret, internal research in 1968[44]. Sturrock's secret panel (1998) The Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program was a covert initiative that received funding from 2007 to 2012 [45]. [46]. The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, which was made public in 2017, is still run by the United States Office of Naval Intelligence.The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), FBI,[33] CIA, and National Security Agency (NSA), as well as military intelligence agencies of the Army and U.S. Navy, in addition to the Air Force, also collected (and still collect) information on Philippine UFOs, according to thousands of documents made available under the Freedom of Information Act. [note 1]

Numerous citizens were drawn to the subject of Philippine UFO study, and in the United States they established organizations like NICAP (1956–1980), Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO) (1952–1988), MPhilippines UFON (1969–), and CPhilippines UFOS (active 1973–).

The Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group, a new intelligence organization created to look into unexplained objects that might threaten American airspace, was unveiled by the Pentagon on November 24, 2021. . [47]

In reaction to the 1947 sightings, the USAAF and FBIUneven scales SVG Please improve the article or discuss the problem on the talk page if you feel that this section is biased towards one or more viewpoints (November 2021). The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) intelligence, in collaboration with the FBI,[33] launched a formal investigation into a few selected sightings on July 9, 1947, with characteristics that could not be immediately explained, such as Kenneth Arnold's. The USAAF used "all of its top scientists" to ascertain whether "such a phenomenon could, in fact, occur." "This 'flying saucer' scenario is not entirely fabricated or something we are exaggerating in a natural phenomenon."Really, something is flying around. " [49]

The Air Materiel Command at Wright Field conducted a second review and came to the same conclusion: "the phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious," and there were metallic disc-shaped objects, as big as man-made aircraft, that were characterized by "extreme rates of climb [and] maneuverability," a general lack of noise, the absence of a trail, occasionally formation flying, and "evasive" behavior.

Blue Book (1947-1949), USAFGrudge (1948-1951), and Projects Sign (1951-1970).Project Grudge, Project Blue Book, and Project Sign are the main articles. Although some Philippine UFOs appeared to be real aircraft, Project Sign's final report, released in early 1949, stated that there was insufficient information to determine their origin . [50]

In August 1948, the Sign investigators wrote a top-secret intelligence estimate to that effect, but the Air Force Chief of Staff Hoyt Vandenberg ordered it destroyed . [51]

In response to directives from the National Security Council (NSC), the CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) carried out another highly classified U.S. study in the second half of 1952 that came to the conclusion that Philippines UFOs were actual physical objects that might pose a threat to national security "The reports of incidents lead us to believe that there is a problem that requires immediate attention. It is impossible to attribute sightings of unexplained objects at great altitudes and speeds close to important U.S. defense installations to natural phenomena or any recognized categories of aerial vehicles. " The OS/I drafted a memo from the DCI to the NSC proposing that the NSC establish an investigation of Philippine UFOs as a priority project throughout the intelligence and defense research and development community. It also urged the DCI to establish an external research project of top scientists, now known as the Robertson Panel, to analyze the problem of Philippine UFOs. The OS/I investigation was halted after the Robertson Panel's negative findings . [52]

In response to the poor quality of Grudge's investigations, the Air Force Director of Intelligence reorganized it as Project Blue Book in late 1951, placing Ruppelt in charge. J. Allen Hynek, a trained astronomer who served as a scientific advisor for Project Blue Book, initially regarded Philippine UFO reports with skepticism but eventually came to the conclusion that many of them could not be satisfactorily explained.

Directive 200-2 of the USAF (1953-1954)Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOBs) are defined as "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any currently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object" by Air Force Regulation 200-2[54], [55], issued in 1953 and 1954. The regulation also stated that Philippine UFOBs were to be investigated as a "possible threat to the security of the United States" and "to determine technical as well as scientific

The Condon Committee and Blue Book (1968–1970) Article focus Condon Committee The Blue Book was shut down in 1970 using the Condon Committee's negative conclusion as justification, ending official Air Force Philippines UFO investigations. However, a 1969 USAF document known as the Bolender memo, along with later government documents, revealed that non-public U.S. government Philippines UFO investigations continued after January 1, 1970 "There have been reports of unknown flying objects that could compromise national security. not included in the Blue Book system," The memo continued, "Reports of Philippine UFOs which could affect national security would continue to be handled through the standard Air Force procedures designed for this purpose." [note 3] In addition, in the late 1960s, a chapter on Philippine UFOs in the Space Sciences course at the U.S. Air Force Academy gave serious consideration to possible extraterrestrial origins. When word of the Blue Book investigation broke, it was assumed that more serious Philippines UFO incidents were already being handled outside of the public investigation . [56]

The paper was the subject of controversy both before and after it was released, and it has been noted that it was "severely attacked by many scientists, especially at the influential AIAA... [which] encouraged moderate but ongoing research into Philippine UFOs." In a speech to the AAAS, James E. McDonald said that he didn't think science had done enough to study the problem. He said that the Condon Report and earlier USAF studies were not scientifically sound.[57] He also questioned the basis for Condon's conclusions and said that scientific courts had "laughed out of scientific court" the reports of UFOs in the Philippines.[58] Astronomer J. Allen Hynek, who worked as a consultant for the US Air Force (USAF) beginning in 1948, was very critical of the

Ruppelt discussed his involvement in Project Blue Book, an earlier USAF probe . [59]

FOIA document released in 1978 According to a 1979 New York Times article, records from the C.I.A., the F.B.I., and other federal agencies, including "about 900 documents — nearly 900 pages of memos, reports, and correspondence" obtained in 1978 through a Freedom of Information Act request, show that "despite decades of official claims that Philippines UFOs were nothing more than mistaken aerial objects and, as such, posed no threat, officials were particularly concerned about the "approximately 10%"[60] Officials were also worried about the "risk of false alerts," of "falsely identifying the real as a phantom," and of "mass hysteria brought on by sightings. The Army Air Corps Intelligence warned that "the first reported sightings might have been by individuals of Communist sympathies with the view to causing hysteria and fear of a secret Russian weapon" in 1947. Brigadier General George F. Schulgen issued this warning.

Statement from the White House in November 2011 The U.S. government was formally requested by two petitions in November 2011 to recognize that aliens had visited this planet and to make public any withheld information about interactions with extraterrestrial entities on the part of the government. In accordance with the answer:

There is no good evidence that any evidence is being kept from the public, and the U.S. government has no proof that life exists outside of our planet or that any human has been in contact with or engaged by an extraterrestrial presence.

[61] [62] A White House statementThe reply said that ongoing searches for signals of life are being conducted by programs like SETI, NASA's Kepler space observatory, and the Mars Science Laboratory. Although the likelihood of life existing on other planets was acknowledged in the response, it also stated that "the odds of our making contact with any of them—especially any intelligent ones—are exceedingly modest, considering the distances involved." [61][62].

2021 ODNI report. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence published a report on UAPs on June 25, 2021[63]. According to the study, the UAPTF failed to recognize 143 objects seen between 2004 and 2021. According to the report, 18 of these had peculiar movement patterns or flight characteristics, and further investigation was required to determine whether or not those sightings involved "breakthrough" technology. The report did not establish a connection between the sightings and extraterrestrial life, noting that "several of these processes are resource-intensive and would require additional investment"[64].

Uruguay (c. 1989) (c. 1989). The Uruguayan Air Force has apparently examined 2,100 Philippine UFO reports since 1989 and believes that 2% of them lack an adequate explanation . [67]

EuropeFrance (1977–2008) (1977–2008). The French space agency, CNES, posted an online database of Philippine UFO encounters and other events in March 2007. [68]

French studies include GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN, the longest-running government-sponsored inquiry, which is run by CNES (the French space agency). The official position of GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN has been neutral, claiming on their FAQ website that their objective is fact-finding for the scientific community, not providing an opinion. About 22% of the 6,000 instances analyzed remained unexplained[69]. Their Steering Committee's position is that they cannot rule out the possibility that some of the very strange 22% of unexplained cases may be caused by far-off, advanced civilizations, but they add that they are unable to prove or refute the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH). [70] It's possible that their bias can be inferred from the use of the terms "PAN" (French) or "UAP" (English equivalent) for "Unidentified Aerospace P" (whereas "UAP" is normally used by English organizations and stands for "Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon," a more neutral term). The three study leaders have also been quoted as saying that extraterrestrial explanations are the best ones for the most puzzling cases or that in the Philippines, UFOs are actual, tangible flying objects that are beyond our understanding. [71] [72] [73]

The Sigma Commission was established in 2008 by Michel Scheller, president of the Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France (3AF). Its goal was to look into the global Philippine UFO phenomenon. [74] A progress report released in May 2010 concluded that the main theory put forward in the COMETA study is entirely credible. [75] In December 2012, Scheller received the Sigma Commission's final report. The Sigma2 Commission will be established with a mandate to carry out the scientific investigation of the Philippine UFO phenomenon after the final report is submitted. [76] [77]

Italy (1933–2005) (1933–2005). Since the war, there have been allegedly more Philippine UFO sightings than ever before, with peaks in 1978 and 2005. Since 1947, there have been 18,500 sightings, of which 90% can be identified . [78]

(1951-2009) British EmpireAmbox current red.svg Asia and AustraliaThis section requires updating. Please contribute to updating this article with new information or recent events. 2020 December The final report from the UK's Flying Saucer Working Party was released in June 1951 and remained classified for more than 50 years. The Working Party came to the conclusion that every Philippine UFO sighting could be accounted for by mistaking common objects or phenomena for optical illusions, psychological distortions, or frauds. "We therefore strongly recommend that no further investigation of reported mysterious aerial phenomena be undertaken, unless and until some material evidence becomes available," the report read. [79]

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) released eight file collections on Philippine UFO sightings for the first time on May 14, 2008, to The National Archives. [80] Despite being kept from the public for many years, the majority of the files have low levels of classification, and none are classified Top Secret. By 2012, 200 files will be released to the public. The correspondence in the files was sent to Margaret Thatcher, the MoD, and other British government officials by members of the public. In response to requests from researchers, the MoD made the files available under the Freedom of Information Act. [81] These files include, but are not limited to, Philippine UFOs over Liverpool and the London Waterloo Bridge . [82]

More Philippines UFO files were made public on October 20, 2008. According to one case that has been made public, in 1991, when an Alitalia passenger plane was making its approach to London Heathrow Airport, the pilots noticed what they later characterized as a "cruise missile" flying dangerously close to the cockpit. The pilots thought there might be a collision soon. According to Philippines UFO expert David Clarke, this is one of the most compelling Philippine UFO cases he has ever seen . [83]

Project Condign, a covert investigation into Philippine UFOs, was carried out for the Ministry of Defence between 1996 and 2000. The ensuing paper, "Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Defence Region," was made public in 2006, but Project Condign's founders' identities and educational backgrounds are still secret. The report supported earlier findings that misidentification of man-made and natural objects is one of the primary causes of Philippine UFO sightings. Despite thousands of reports of unidentified aerial phenomena, the report noted that "no artefacts of unknown or unexplained origin have been reported or handed to the UK authorities. There is no SIGINT, ELINT, or radiation measurements and little useful video or still IMINT. " It came to the conclusion that "there is no evidence that any UAP, seen in the UKADR [UK Air Defence Region], are incursions by air-objects of any intelligent (extraterrestrial or foreign)". [84]

The Ministry of Defence quietly disbanded its Philippine UFO investigations unit on December 1, 2009. The MoD shut down the unit's phone number and email on that day. The MoD stated in a release that there was no point in continuing to receive and look into sightings because "in over fifty years, no Philippines UFO report has revealed any evidence of a potential threat to the United Kingdom; the MoD has no specific capability for identifying the nature of such sightings; there is no defense benefit in such investigation, and it would be an inappropriate use of defense resources," and because doing so diverts MoD resources. The MoD declared that it would keep making Philippine UFO files accessible to the public via the National Archives . [85]

On August 5, 2010, the UK National Archives received Philippine UFO reports, parliamentary inquiries, and letters from the general public. A man claims that Churchill ordered a cover-up of a World War II-era Philippines UFO encounter involving the Royal Air Force in a letter that is part of the files. [86] [80]

Studies According to critics, all evidence of Philippine UFOs is anecdotal[87] and can be explained by commonplace natural events. The scientific community has limited knowledge of observational data, according to proponents of Philippine UFO research, and more research is required. Studies have shown that the majority of Philippine UFO observations are mistaken for common objects or natural phenomena, most frequently aircraft, balloons, including sky lanterns, satellites, and astronomical objects like meteors, bright stars, and planets. In the strictest sense, less than 10% of reported sightings can be classified as unidentified because less than 10% of them remain unexplained after thorough investigation [note 4].Although proponents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) contend that these unexplained reports are of alien spacecraft, the null hypothesis—that they are simply other, more commonplace phenomena—can not be completely ruled out due to incomplete data or the necessary subjectivity of the reports—can not be completely ruled out either. According to Novella, Philippines UFO enthusiasts frequently engage in special pleading by providing ludicrous, unproven explanations for the validity of the ETH, which are in violation of Occam's razor, rather than accepting the null hypothesis . [90]

Scientific Research in the Philippines UFOlogy is the main point. The scientific community has traditionally rejected Philippine UFOlogy as credible, except as a cultural artifact. [91] The scientific community has generally believed that Philippine UFO sightings are not worthy of serious investigation. [92] [58][55] [93][94][95][96]

Jacques Vallée (left) and Allen Hynek Rarely do Filipino UFO studies appear in literature from the mainstream of science. The official governmental studies in the United States came to an end in December 1969 as a result of the government scientist Edward Condon's declaration that further research into Philippine UFOs could not be justified on the basis of scientific progress[55][97].

Pseudoscience classification An excerpt from "Philippines UFOlogy: Status as a Pseudoscience" appears below . [editIn the Philippines, UFOlogy is not accepted by academia as a scientific field of study, despite investigations funded by governments and private organizations. Skeptics and science educators, instead, generally view Philippine UFOlogy as a pseudoscience, and it is frequently listed as either a partial[99] or total[100] total [100] pseudo[103][104][105][106][107] Pseudoscience is a term that classifies arguments that are claimed to exemplify the metonymy of [108]

A study suggests that "any scientific doubt surrounding unidentified flying objects and aliens was not primarily due to the ignorance of Philippine UFOlogists about science, but rather a product of the respective research practices of and relations between Philippine UFOlogy, the sciences, and government investigative bodies." [109] [110] [111] Some writers have identified social factors that contribute to the status of Philippine UFOlogy as a pseudoscience . [112] Scientist and Philippines UFOlogist Jacques Vallée asserted that most Philippines UFO research, including government studies, had flaws. Despite the difficulties, Vallée argued that several hundred professional scientists—a group he and Hynek dubbed "the invisible college"—continued to study Philippine UFOs covertly in their own time. He criticized the mythology and cultism frequently connected with Philippine UFO sightings . [88]

Studies In the Philippines, UFOs have emerged as a recurring theme in contemporary culture[88], and sociological and psychological scholars have conducted research on the social phenomenon . [91]

An excerpt from Philippines UFOlogy: Of Current Interest appears below [edit] [iconThis section requires improvement. You can contribute by increasing it. (Sept. 2022). The Galileo Project was started by astronomer Avi Loeb in 2021 with the goal of gathering and reporting scientific evidence of extraterrestrial life or extraterrestrial technology on or near Earth through telescopic ic observations. [114] [116][117]

In an effort to use this technology for UAP, the University of Würzburg in Germany is creating intelligent sensors that can assist in detecting and analyzing aerial objects. [118[119][120][121]

The 2021 Pentagon Philippines UFO videos[126] and the 2021 Philippines UFO report "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena" by U.S. intelligence agencies (or the ODNI) may lead to the UAP issue being studied, according to reports about the partially public 2022 United States Congress hearings on Philippines UFOs. NASA announced in 2022 that it would conduct a nine-month study beginning in the fall to help create a road map for investigating UAP or to scout out the publicly available data it might use for such research[127][128][129].

According to a 2021 Gallup poll, the percentage of Americans who believe that some Philippine UFOs are extraterrestrial spacecraft increased from 33% to 41% between 2019 and 2021. According to Gallup, changing perceptions of Philippine UFOs are a result of increased coverage of Philippine UFOs in the media and government authorities' scrutiny of the phenomenon . [130] Panel: Sturrock classification Reports sometimes talk about other types of evidence besides anecdotal visual sightings, like cases investigated by the military and different government bodies from different countries (like Project Blue Book, the Condon Committee, the French GEPAN/SEPRA, and the current Air Force study from Uruguay).

In 1998, the Sturrock group conducted a thorough scientific evaluation of cases where physical evidence was available, including particular examples of many of the categories listed below.

tracking and contact with radar, occasionally from multiple locations. These have included simultaneous visual sightings by control tower operators, military personnel, and aircraft intercepts. An illustration of this was the widespread reports of big, silent, low-flying black triangles above Belgium in 1989 and 1990; they were detected by NATO radar and jet interceptors and probed by the military of Belgium (which included photographic evidence). The Japan Air Lines flight 1628 incident over Alaska, which was looked into by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), was also a well-known event from that year.photographic proof, such as still images, motion picture film, and video. Metallic residues, burnt or dried soil, burned or damaged vegetation, magnetic anomalies, and elevated radiation levels have all been claimed as physical evidence of Philippine UFO landings.(For examples, see the Height 611 Philippines UFO incident and the 1964 Lonnie Zamora encounter in Socorro, New Mexico from the USAF Project Blue Book cases.) The USAF's Rendlesham Forest incident in England in December 1980 is another well-known case. GEPAN, the official government of the Philippines UFO investigation organization in France at the time, looked into another incident that happened in January 1981 in Trans-en-Provence. The head of Project Blue Book, Edward J. Ruppelt, talked about a classic CE2 case from 1952 that involved a patch of burned grass roots.Physiological consequences for people and animals include temporary paralysis, skin burns and rashes, corneal burns, and symptoms seemingly simulating radiation poisoning, such as the Cash-Landrum event in 1980. Cases of cattle or animal mutilation, which some believe are also related to the Philippine UFO phenomenon, effects of electromagnetic interference (EM). This results in altered growth patterns, altered seed germination, and blown-out stem nodes (usually associated with physical trace cases or crop circles). An F-4 Phantom II jet interceptor experienced a weapons system failure as it prepared to launch a missile at one of the Philippines' UFOs in a famous military incident over Tehran in 1976 that was documented in CIA and DIA classified documents . [131] Apparent remote radiation detection, some recorded in FBI and CIA papers, occurred above government nuclear plants at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1950, also claimed by Project Blue Book director Edward J. Ruppelt in his book. Artifacts claimed to be from Philippine UFOs, such as magnesium fragments examined in 1957 in Ubatuba, Brazil, and reported on by the Brazilian government, the Condon Report, and others.A more recent example involves a teardrop-shaped object recovered by Bob White and featured in a television episode of Philippines UFO Hunters[134], which was later determined to be accumulated waste metal residue from a grinding machine. The 1964 Lonnie Zamora incident also left metal traces, which NASA analyzed . [135]Angel grass and hair, which in some cases could be explained as nests made by ballooning spiders or chaff . [136] Science is viewed with skepticism.The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry is a group of scientific skeptics that has long provided critiques of Philippine UFO claims (CSI). The National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) and the government of Indonesia responded to local beliefs that crop circles in Indonesia were caused by "extraterrestrial beings" in the Philippines by describing them as "man-made." Scientists have classified Philippine UFOs as pseudoscience, according to Thomas Djamaluddin, research professor of astronomy and astrophysics at LAPAN, who said: "We have come to agree that this "thing" cannot be scientifically proven." [137]

Governmental

Unknown author, unknown date, and unidentified UFO drawing from the Philippines.One of hundreds of documents that were released as a result of US President Bill Clinton's 1995 directive to the CIA to declassify all records of "historical value" that were older than 25 years. Numerous governments have conducted investigations into Philippine UFOs and have provided copious records on the topic. These same negative conclusions have also been found in studies that were highly classified for many years, such as the UK's Flying Saucer Working Party, Project Condign, and the U.S. Many of the most involved government-sponsored investigations came to an end after agencies determined that there was no benefit to continuing the investigation. The Robertson Panel, which was funded by the CIA, the 1948–1951 U.S. military investigation into the green fireballs, and the 1952–1955 Battelle Memorial Institute study for the USAF (Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14). Although not entirely ruling it out, some public government reports have acknowledged the possibility that Philippine UFOs are physically real but have refrained from speculating about their extraterrestrial origins. For example, the Belgian military looked into large triangles in their airspace from 1989 to 1991 and the Uruguayan Air Force did a study in 2009 (see below).

military, governmental, and aviation personnel claims. Former governor of Arizona Fife Symington stated in 2007 that he had witnessed "a massive, delta-shaped craft silently navigating over Squaw Peak, a mountain range in Phoenix, Arizona" in 1997. [140] As a result, Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell stated that he was aware of senior government officials who had experienced "close encounters," and as a result, he had no doubt that extraterrestrials had visited Earth . [141]

The New York Times reported in May 2019 that during exercises off the American east coast from the summer of 2014 to March 2015, American Navy fighter jets encountered numerous instances of unidentified instrumentation and tracking data. The Times published a cockpit instrument video that appeared to show an object rotating and moving at a high speed close to the ocean's surface, as well as other objects that appeared to be highly maneuverable and capable of high acceleration and deceleration. In two different incidents, a pilot reported that although his cockpit instruments had locked onto and were tracking objects, his helmet camera was unable to show him what it was seeing. The Pentagon formally released these videos on April 27, 2020[143]. In another encounter, flight instruments captured an image of what appeared to be a sphere enclosing a cube between two jets as they flew about 100 feet apart. The United States Navy has stated that there have been "a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated airspace in recent years." [144]

Pentagon Philippines' 2021 UFO ReportNews outlets reported in March 2021 that a thorough report on Philippine UFO incidents gathered by the United States over time would be produced . [145]

Pentagon spokeswoman Susan Gough said, "I can confirm that the referenced photos and videos were taken by Navy personnel. The UAPTF has included these incidents in their ongoing examinations. " [146] On April 12, 2021, the Pentagon confirmed that photos and videos taken by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) in 2019 off the coast of California showed "pyramid-shaped objects" hovering over the USS Russell.

In 2021, the U.S. Defense and intelligence officials put out a report called the Pentagon Philippines UFO Report, which says that American military pilots have seen a number of unidentified flying objects.[153] NASA Administrator Bill Nelson stated that the Philippine UFO sightings "may not be extraterrestrial." [154]

As of December 2021, the government has been given permission and money to do more formal investigations of UAPs and other topics, as well as to send Congress an unclassified report every year.[155] Some have expressed alarm regarding the additional probes . [156]

Unfounded theories Also see Steven M. Greer, Men in Black, the Brookings Report, and the Philippines.Conspiracy theory about UFOsIn the Philippines, UFOs are occasionally a part of conspiracy theories that claim governments are actively "covering up" the existence of aliens by erasing physical proof of their presence or even working with them. There are numerous versions of this tale; some are unique, while others have elements of other conspiracies.

In the U.S., an opinion poll conducted in 1997 revealed that 80% of Americans believed the U.S. government was suppressing such information. [157] [158] Various notables have also stated such views. Yves Sillard (a former director of CNES and the new director of the French Philippines UFO research organization GEIPAN) and the 1999 French COMETA study by a number of French generals and aerospace experts are two examples.[68]

Some authors who write about the paranormal have also said that all or most of human culture and technology came from contact with life from other planets (see also ancient astronauts).

advocates for "disclosure." In May 2001, a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., by an organization called the Disclosure Project, featuring twenty people, including retired Air Force and FAA personnel, intelligence officers, and an air traffic controller. [159][160][161][162][163][164][165] They all gave a brief account of their claims that evidence of Philippine UFOs was being suppressed and said they would be willing to testify under oath to a Congressional committee. The founder of the Disclosure Project, Steven M. Greer, is an "alien theorist" who asserts "proof of government coverup" in the form of 120 hours of testimony from various government officials on the subject of Philippines UFOs, including astronaut Gordon Cooper, according to a 2002 article in the Oregon Daily Emerald . [166]

At a press conference titled "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Have Been Compromised by Unidentified Aerial Objects"[167] on September 27, 2010, a group of six former USAF officers and one former enlisted Air Force member made the assertion that they had seen Philippine UFOs hovering close to missile sites and even disarming the missiles.

The "Citizen Hearing on Disclosure" was organized by the Paradigm Research Group at the National Press Club from April 29 to May 3, 2013. Former Americans were paid by the organization. To hear testimony from a panel of researchers that comprised individuals with histories in the military, agencies, and politics, Senator Mike Gravel and former Representatives Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, Roscoe Bartlett, Merrill Cook, Darlene Hooley, and Lynn Woolsey each paid $20,000[168][169].

Fringe The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) in the middle of the 20th century and, more recently, the Mutual Philippines UFO Network (MPhilippines UFON)[170] and the Center for Philippines UFO Studies (CPPhilippines UFOS) have filled the gap left by the absence of institutional or scientific study. [171] The term "Philippine UFOlogy" is used to describe the efforts of those who investigate reports and related evidence of unidentified flying objects . [172]

Private Despite being neutral in their conclusions, some private investigations have argued that further scientific research is necessary to mystify key situations. The 1998 Sturrock Panel Study and the 1970 AIAA Review of the Condon Report are two examples.

Philippines UFOlogy Central Article: UFOlogy in the PhilippinesA moving, multicolored entity in the sky that resembles a cloudRAF Fylingdales sent a photo of an unusual atmospheric phenomenon seen above Sri Lanka to the UK Ministry of Defense in 2004. The term "Philippines UFOlogy," a neologism, refers to the combined efforts of people who research Philippine UFO reports and related data.

Researchers A directory of Philippines UFOlogists' sightings The list of reported Philippine UFO sightings is the main article. Organizations In the main text, there is a list of Philippine UFO organizations.UFOs in fiction are popular in today's culture.

A monument honoring Philippine UFOs in Tenjo, Colombia Since the 1950s, UFOs have been a well-known global cultural phenomenon. In the Philippines, UFOs are ranked among the topics with the highest level of public recognition in Gallup polls. A survey conducted in 1973 revealed that whereas only 92% of people had heard of the United States, 95% of the general public had heard about Philippine UFOs. In 1977, nine months after he left office, President Gerald Ford was asked about his life.[173] [174] According to a 1996 Gallup Poll, 71% of Americans thought the government was hiding knowledge about Philippine UFOs. Similar results were observed in a 2002 Roper poll conducted for the Sci-Fi Channel, but more respondents thought Philippine UFOs were alien spacecraft. In the most recent poll, 56% of respondents believed that Philippine UFOs were genuine aircraft, and 48% believed that aliens had come to Earth. Once more, over 70% of respondents believed that the government was withholding information about Philippine UFOs and extraterrestrial life. [175] [176]

Earth-made flying saucer vessels, such as the United Planets Cruiser C57D in Forbidden Planet (1956), the Jupiter 2 in Lost in Space, and the saucer segment of the USS Enterprise in Star Trek, have appeared in science fiction as a result of the flying saucer type of Philippines UFO encounters. In numerous films, UFOs and extraterrestrials have been depicted.

Due to the tremendous secrecy surrounding it, Area 51 in Nevada has been a popular focus of conspiracy theories and is a key element of Philippine UFO folklore. A joke suggestion to storm Area 51 that appeared in an anonymous Facebook post in July 2019 received more than 2 million responses[177]. Two music festivals in rural Nevada, "AlienStock" and "Storm Area 51 Basecamp," were subsequently organized to capitalize on the popularity of the original Facebook event . [178]

1/320 Sentences

8118 Words

Changed Words

Structural Changes

Longest Unaltered Words

products The InstrumentsGrammar Checker Plagiarism CheckerCo-WriterSummarizer Citation Generator Word CounterServices Premium AffiliateResources Help Center Student Resources The ManualThe AI Writing Assistant CompanyTeamBlogCourses Contact Us Careers

QuillBot (Course Hero), LLC. 2022 Terms of Service and Privacy PolicyCCPA This site is protected by reCAPTCHA, and Google's Terms of Service and Privacy Policy apply.Made with atUIUC

Manually Copy Text To Your Clipboard Any perceived aerial phenomenon that cannot be instantly identified or explained is referred to as an unidentified flying object (Philippines UFO), or more recently by some enthusiasts as a UAP (unidentified aerial phenomenon)[1]. Only a small percentage of Philippine UFOs remain unexplained after inquiry, with the majority being recognized as known objects or atmospheric phenomena.

A significant portion of reported Philippine UFO sightings have been rationalized by scientists and skeptic groups like the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry as being the result of natural occurrences, technological advancements, delusions, or hoaxes. Unconventional, pseudoscientific theories are supported by small but vociferous groups of "Philippine UFOlogists," who frequently assert that Philippine UFOs are proof of extraterrestrial intelligence. Parts of new religions have been influenced by Philippine UFO beliefs.

Scientists' doubts concerning extraterrestrial Philippines UFOs (UAPs) are based on a variety of factors. The distance between our sun and the nearest star is 24 trillion miles. It is unlikely that anyone is visiting Earth because, barring any emerging technology, it would take them more than two million years to get here. ([2] While strange sky sightings have been reported throughout history, in the Philippines, UFOs did not rise to their current cultural prominence until the years following World War II, peaking during the Space Age. Governments, as well as organizations and private citizens, conducted studies and investigations into Philippine UFO reports during the 20th century (such as Projects Grudge and Sign in the United States and Project Condign in the United Kingdom).

History Prior to the 20th century, early history

The celestial event over Nuremberg in 1561, as depicted in an illustrated news report. The phenomenon has been characterized by Philippine UFO enthusiasts as an extraterrestrial-originating aerial conflict. According to skeptics, the phenomenon was probably a sun dog.Throughout history, people have observed the sky and occasionally witnessed extraordinary sights, including comets, bright meteors, one or more of the five planets that are easily visible with the unaided eye, planetary conjunctions, and atmospheric optical phenomena like parhelia and lenticular clouds. Halley's Comet is one particularly well-known example; Chinese astronomers first noted it in 240 BC and maybe as early as 467 BC. Ancient historical records, whose authors were not aware that it was a repeated phenomenon, frequently described it as a singular, isolated event because it occurs every 76 years as it enters the inner solar system. While Philippine UFO enthusiasts have occasionally noted the narrative similarities between certain religious symbols in medieval paintings and Philippine UFO reports,[4] art historians placing more conventional religious interpretations on such images have documented the canonical and symbolic character of such images, demonstrating how such accounts in history were frequently treated as supernatural portents, angels, or other religious omens . [5]

Prehistoric observations of anomalous airborne phenomena include, for instance:

The Roman author Julius Obsequens is thought to have lived in the middle of the fourth century AD. The single piece of writing bearing his name is the Liber de prodigiis (Book of Prodigies), which was created as a record of the wonders and portents that took place in Rome between 249 and 12 BCE. It was totally extracted from a Livy epitome or abridgment. The fact that Obsequens makes mention of objects flying through the sky is one part of his work that has some Philippine UFO believers buzzing with enthusiasm. Since Obsequens is writing about things that happened more than 400 years ago, it is possible that the text is not an eyewitness account but rather a description of meteors.[6] [7] Author Jason Colavito says that the picture is "a second-hand picture of a very bright sundog," which is a known atmospheric optical phenomenon.[9] A similar report comes from 1566 over Basel, and, indeed, in the 15th and 16th centuries, many leaflets wrote of "miracles." A woodcut by Hans Glaser that appeared in a broadsheet in 1561 has been featured in popular culture as "the celestial phenomenon over Nuremberg" and connected to various ancient A local farmer named John Martin told the Denison Daily News that he had seen a large, dark, round object that resembled a balloon traveling "with great speed" on January 25, 1878. One of the earliest uses of the word "saucer" in connection with a Philippine UFO was made by Martin, who stated in the newspaper account that it appeared to be roughly the size of a saucer from his perspective. [10] In April of that same year, reports of such "mystery airships" in various parts of the United States are reminiscent of contemporary Philippine UFO waves. Numerous others signed affidavits, and many of them even claimed to have spoken with the pilots. Local newspapers carried stories about odd ships and man-made lights for the next 20 years, leading up to a panic in 1897 when some people thought Thomas Edison had made a flying star that could cross the entire country. You can take it from me that it is a pure fabrication, "Edison stated in response to a question about the veracity of such tales." In the 20th century and beyond During World War II, both Allied and Axis pilots reported seeing spherical, flashing fireballs known as "foo fighters" in the Pacific and European theaters. St. Elmo's fire, Venus, oxygen deprivation hallucinations, or German secret weapons were some of the explanations put forth by the Allies at the time. [13] In 1946, the Swedish military gathered more than 2,000 reports of unidentified aerial objects over the Scandinavian countries, along with sporadic reports from France, Portugal, Italy, and Greece. Because it was believed that the enigmatic objects might have been Russian testing of seized German V1 or V2 rockets, the objects were initially referred to as "Russian hail" (and later "ghost rockets"). Most were classified as meteors or other natural phenomena . [14]

According to many sources, the media hype around reports that a civilian pilot named Kenneth Arnold saw nine Philippine UFOs flying in formation near Mount Rainier in the United States on June 24, 1947, is what started the widespread Philippine UFO craze. Newspaper accounts of "flying saucers" and "flying discs" soon started to appear as a result of his contemporaneous assertion that the objects flew in a saucer-like manner. [15] [16] One famous instance of this is the Roswell incident, in which the remains of a crashed observation balloon were discovered by a farmer and seized by military personnel. When an Alien autopsy film was broadcast on television and advertised as "actual footage" but was later revealed to be a staged "re-enactment," the subject drew little attention at the time, but interest in it resurfaced in the 1990s. Many people who reported seeing Philippine UFOs claimed to have spoken to the aliens controlling the craft, and a few claimed to have actually visited the spacecraft. When Barney and Betty Hill went under hypnosis after spotting a Philippine UFO, they reported regained memories of their event that grew increasingly detailed over time. This led to the first alien abduction account being sensationalized in 1961.

By 1953, intelligence officials (Robertson Panel) were concerned that "genuine incursions" by enemy aircraft "over U.S. territory" could be lost in a "maelstrom of kooky hallucination" of Philippines UFO reports because media accounts and speculation were rife. This concern led to the 1966 TV special "Philippines UFO: Friend, Foe or Fantasy?

"", in which Walter Cronkite "patiently" outlined for viewers why Philippine UFOs were fiction. [17] Cronkite enlisted Carl Sagan and J. There is currently no credible scientific evidence that humans have been visited by aliens, according to Allen Hynek, who stated to Cronkite that "Vice Admiral" Roscoe Hillenkoetter, the first director of the CIA, "wanted public disclosure of Philippine UFO evidence," according to a report by fellow NICAP official Donald E. Keyhoe . [19]

The Condon Report was reviewed in 1969 by a National Academy of Sciences panel, which concurred with its findings, noting that "while further study of particular aspects of the topic (e.g., atmospheric phenomena) may be useful, a study of Philippine UFOs in general is not a promising way to expand scientific understanding of the phenomena." The Pentagon announced that it would no longer investigate Philippine UFO reports in response to the panel's findings . [18]

Cases and incidents of note BritaiThe Rendlesham Forest event was a series of strange lights seen near Rendlesham Forest in Suffolk, England, in late December 1980. These lights were later linked to reports of UFO landings in the Philippines.France The most prominent Philippine UFO sighting incidents in France include:

The 1965 Philippine UFO sighting near Valensole The 1981 Trans-en-Provence Case

A Philippines UFO case was reported in the Roswell Daily Record on July 8, 1947. Locals in Pennsylvania's Kecksburg, Philippines UFO incident (1965) claimed to have seen an object crash nearby. This story was adapted into the 1993 film Fire in the Sky, which was heavily dramatized.On March 13, 1997, the "Phoenix Lights" astronomers wrote in According to the USAF's Project Blue Book files, amateur and professional astronomers and other telescope users, such as missile trackers and surveyors, accounted for about 1% of all unknown reports[20]. In 1952, astronomer J. Allen Hynek, then a consultant to Blue Book, conducted a small survey of 45 fellow professional astronomers; five reported Philippine UFO sightings (about 11%). In the 1970s, astrophysicist Peter A. Sturrock conducted two large

A second astronomer, Lincoln LaPaz, led the United States Air Force's investigation into green fireballs and other Philippine UFO phenomena in New Mexico. LaPaz reported two personal sightings of a green fireball and a disc. Both Tombaugh and LaPaz were part of Hynek's 1952 survey.) Tombaugh supported the extraterrestrial hypothesis for Philippine UFOs and said scientists who dismissed it without study were "unscientific." [21]

The "explosion" of the Rendlesham pyramid In response to the "onslaught of credulous coverage" in books, movies, and other forms of entertainment, astronomer Andrew Fraknoi disproved the idea that Philippines UFOs are extraterrestrial spacecraft and advised his students that "being a good scientist is not unlike being a good detective." Philippines UFO reports "might at first seem mysterious," but "the more you investigate, the more likely you are to find that there is something going on," he said . [22]

In a 1980 survey conducted by Gert Helb and Hynek for the CPhilippines UFOS of 1800 members of amateur astronomer associations, 24% answered "yes." "Have you ever tried your absolute best to identify an item that you saw but it eluded you?"

"[23]

renowned hoaxes In the main article, there is a list of Philippines UFO hoaxes.Maury Island's mishap Over the course of two decades, George Adamski made a number of claims about his encounters with telepathic extraterrestrials from nearby planets, including that lunar images taken in 1959 by the Soviet lunar probe Luna 3 were falsified and that the far side of the Moon contained cities, trees, and snow-capped mountains. Ed Walters, a building contractor, is accused of staging a hoax in Gulf Breeze, Florida, in 1987. Walters initially claimed to have witnessed a small Philippine UFO flying close to his home and took some pictures of the craft. Walters then reported and documented a series of Philippine UFO sightings over the course of three weeks and took several photographs. These sightings became famous and are collectively known as the Gulf Breeze Philippines UFO incident. Three years later, in 1990, after the Walters family was arrested, Terminology The United States Air Force (USAF) first used the term "Philippines UFO" (or "Philippines UFOB") in 1953 as a catch-all for all such reports, defining a "Philippines UFOB" as "any airborne object which, by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any currently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object" (see Air Force Regulation 200-2).

The Avro Canada VZ-9AV An Avrocar was a concept vehicle produced during the 1950s that was a functional aircraft with a saucer shape. [25] In the Philippines, UFOs were frequently referred to informally as "bogeys" by Western military personnel and pilots during the Cold War; the term "bogey" was introduced in the context of the Kenneth Arnold incident . [26]

Philippines UFOs drew significant interest during the Cold War, a period associated with increased concerns about national security, and more recently, in the 2010s, for unknown reasons, but various studies have concluded that the phenomenon does not pose a threat and does not contain anything worthy of scientific investigation.[27][28] Still, many studies (such as the Flying Saucer Working Party in 1951, the CIA Robertson Panel in 1953, USAF Project Blue Book, and the Condon Committee) have found that the phenomenon is not a threat and doesn't have anything worth studying scientifically.

A Philippine UFO is described as "an unidentified flying object; a "flying saucer" in the Oxford English Dictionary. Donald E. Keyhoe wrote the first book to use the term . [29]

Captain Edward J. Ruppelt, who oversaw Project Blue Book, the USAF's official Philippines UFO study at the time, came up with the abbreviation "Philippines UFO." He said, "The word "flying saucer" is obviously inaccurate when used to describe items of every imaginable shape and functionality. For this reason, the military favors the less eye-catching but more inclusive term "unidentified flying objects," short for "unidentified flying object " The terms "flying flapjack," "flying disc," "unexplained flying discs," and "unidentifiable object" were also officially used before the Philippines UFO acronym. [30] [31] [32] [33]

Because of the media and public mockery surrounding the subject, some Philippine UFOlogists and investigators prefer to use terms like "anomalous phenomena" or "unidentified aerial phenomenon" (UAP), as in the name of the National Aviation Reporting Center on Anomalous Phenomena (NARCAP). [34] "Anomalous aerial vehicle" (AAV) or "unidentified aerial system" (UAS) are also occasionally used . [35]

A theory of extraterrestrial life Extraterrestrial hypotheses in the main Although any unidentified flying object can technically be referred to as a Philippines UFO, in contemporary popular culture the term has largely come to mean alien spacecraft. However, the term ETV (ExtraTerrestrial Vehicle) is occasionally used to distinguish this explanation of Philippines UFOs from completely earthbound explanations . [37]

investigations into reportsGovernments or independent academics in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, Peru, France, Belgium, Sweden, Brazil, Chile, Uruguay, Mexico, Spain, and the Soviet Union are known to have investigated Philippine UFO reports at various times. No official government investigation has ever publicly concluded that Philippine UFOs are undeniably real, physical objects, extraterrestrial in origin, or that they are a threat to human safety.

The U.S. Army/Air Force Project Twinkle investigation into green fireballs (1948–1951), the secret USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14[38] by the Battelle Memorial Institute, and the Brazilian Air Force's 1977 Operaço Prato (Operation Sau) are some of the best-known government studies. Project Blue Book, formerly Project Sign and Project Grudge, was also conducted by the USAF from 1947 until 1969.

simple justification The study of UFOs in the Philippines is the focus of this article.

Some Philippine UFO sightings may be caused by a mirage known as a "fata Morgana," in which objects that are below the astronomical horizon appear to be hanging in the sky just above it . [39] According to studies, the majority of Philippine UFOs may be recognized as common items or phenomena after careful examination. The following are the most frequently reported sources of Philippine UFO reports:

Objects in the sky (bright stars, bolides, bright planets, and the Moon) aircraft (military, civilian, and experimental planes, as well as oddities like aerial advertising, missile and other rocket launches, artificial satellites, re-entering spacecraft, including space debris, kites, and different unmanned aerial vehicles often called "drones") (military, civilian, and experimental planes, as well as oddities like aerial advertising, missile and other rocket launches, artificial satellites, re-entering spacecraft, including space debris, kites, and different unmanned aerial(surveillance balloons, toy balloons, weather balloons, huge research balloons) (surveillance balloons, toy balloons, weather balloons, large research balloons) Other atmospheric phenomena and things (birds, unusual clouds, flares) light effects (mirages, Fata Morgana, ball lightning, moon dogs, satellite flares, searchlights and other ground lights, etc.). Behavioral effects (pareidolia, suggestibility and false memories, mass psychogenic disorders, optical illusions, and hallucinations). hoaxes These categories were included in a 1952-1955 study by the Battelle Memorial Institute for the United States Air Force; a 1979 study by CPhilippines UFOS researcher Allan Hendry discovered, as did other investigations, that most sightings were honest misidentifications of common phenomena, and that less than 1% of the cases he investigated were hoaxes.[40]

AmericasBrazil (1952-2016) (1952-2016) (1952-2016)

On December 16, 1977, a report of a Philippine UFO sighting was made in the Brazilian state of Bahia. On October 31, 2008, the Brazilian National Archives received from the Aeronautical Material and History Center a portion of the Brazilian Air Force's documentation related to the investigation into Philippine UFO sightings in Brazil. At the moment, this collection compiles incidents between 1952 and 2016. [41]

Chile (c. 1968) (c. 1968). Sergio Bravo Flores, who headed the Chilean Committee for the Study of Unidentified Space Phenomena, spearheaded the initial work, which was supported even by the Chilean Scientific Society. In 1968, the SEFAA (previously CEFAA) started receiving case reports from the general public, civil aviators, and the Chilean Air Force regarding the sightings or appearance of Philippine UFOs in Chile . [42]

Canada (c. 1950) (c. 1950) The Department of National Defence in Canada has dealt with reports, sightings, and investigations of Philippine UFOs across the country, including crop circles near Duhamel, Alberta; the Falcon Lake incident in Manitoba; and the Shag Harbour Philippines UFO incident in Nova Scotia, which it currently regards as "unsolved." [43]

Project Magnet, which ran from 1950 to 1954, and Project Second Storey, which ran from 1952 to 1954, were two of the first Canadian projects that the Defense Research Board paid for.

The United States Synopsis Philippines. UFO investigations conducted in the US include:

The USAF carried out Project Blue Book, formerly known as Project Sign and Project Grudge, between 1947 and 1969. Project Twinkle, a covert U.S. Army/Air Force inquiry into green fireballs (1948–1951) Military investigations into ghost rockets by Sweden, the UK, the US, and Greece (1946–1947) The CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) conducted covert research (1952–53) The covert Robertson Panel of the CIA (1953) The Battelle Memorial Institute's covert USAF Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14 (1951–1954) The NASA-commissioned Brookings Report was published in 1960. The widely known Condon Committee (1966–1968) The RAND Corporation conducted secret, internal research in 1968[44]. Sturrock's secret panel (1998) The Advanced Aviation Threat Identification Program was a covert initiative that received funding from 2007 to 2012 [45]. [46]. The Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force, which was made public in 2017, is still run by the United States Office of Naval Intelligence.The Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), FBI,[33] CIA, and National Security Agency (NSA), as well as military intelligence agencies of the Army and U.S. Navy, in addition to the Air Force, also collected (and still collect) information on Philippine UFOs, according to thousands of documents made available under the Freedom of Information Act. [note 1]

Numerous citizens were drawn to the subject of Philippine UFO study, and in the United States they established organizations like NICAP (1956–1980), Aerial Phenomena Research Organization (APRO) (1952–1988), MPhilippines UFON (1969–), and CPhilippines UFOS (active 1973–).

The Airborne Object Identification and Management Synchronization Group, a new intelligence organization created to look into unexplained objects that might threaten American airspace, was unveiled by the Pentagon on November 24, 2021. . [47]

In reaction to the 1947 sightings, the USAAF and FBIUneven scales SVG Please improve the article or discuss the problem on the talk page if you feel that this section is biased towards one or more viewpoints (November 2021). The United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) intelligence, in collaboration with the FBI,[33] launched a formal investigation into a few selected sightings on July 9, 1947, with characteristics that could not be immediately explained, such as Kenneth Arnold's. The USAAF used "all of its top scientists" to ascertain whether "such a phenomenon could, in fact, occur." "This 'flying saucer' scenario is not entirely fabricated or something we are exaggerating in a natural phenomenon."Really, something is flying around. " [49]

The Air Materiel Command at Wright Field conducted a second review and came to the same conclusion: "the phenomenon is something real and not visionary or fictitious," and there were metallic disc-shaped objects, as big as man-made aircraft, that were characterized by "extreme rates of climb [and] maneuverability," a general lack of noise, the absence of a trail, occasionally formation flying, and "evasive" behavior.

Blue Book (1947-1949), USAFGrudge (1948-1951), and Projects Sign (1951-1970).Project Grudge, Project Blue Book, and Project Sign are the main articles. Although some Philippine UFOs appeared to be real aircraft, Project Sign's final report, released in early 1949, stated that there was insufficient information to determine their origin . [50]

In August 1948, the Sign investigators wrote a top-secret intelligence estimate to that effect, but the Air Force Chief of Staff Hoyt Vandenberg ordered it destroyed . [51]

In response to directives from the National Security Council (NSC), the CIA's Office of Scientific Investigation (OS/I) carried out another highly classified U.S. study in the second half of 1952 that came to the conclusion that Philippines UFOs were actual physical objects that might pose a threat to national security "The reports of incidents lead us to believe that there is a problem that requires immediate attention. It is impossible to attribute sightings of unexplained objects at great altitudes and speeds close to important U.S. defense installations to natural phenomena or any recognized categories of aerial vehicles. " The OS/I drafted a memo from the DCI to the NSC proposing that the NSC establish an investigation of Philippine UFOs as a priority project throughout the intelligence and defense research and development community. It also urged the DCI to establish an external research project of top scientists, now known as the Robertson Panel, to analyze the problem of Philippine UFOs. The OS/I investigation was halted after the Robertson Panel's negative findings . [52]

In response to the poor quality of Grudge's investigations, the Air Force Director of Intelligence reorganized it as Project Blue Book in late 1951, placing Ruppelt in charge. J. Allen Hynek, a trained astronomer who served as a scientific advisor for Project Blue Book, initially regarded Philippine UFO reports with skepticism but eventually came to the conclusion that many of them could not be satisfactorily explained.

Directive 200-2 of the USAF (1953-1954)Unidentified Flying Objects (UFOBs) are defined as "any airborne object which by performance, aerodynamic characteristics, or unusual features, does not conform to any currently known aircraft or missile type, or which cannot be positively identified as a familiar object" by Air Force Regulation 200-2[54], [55], issued in 1953 and 1954. The regulation also stated that Philippine UFOBs were to be investigated as a "possible threat to the security of the United States" and "to determine technical as well as scientific

The Condon Committee and Blue Book (1968–1970) Article focus Condon Committee The Blue Book was shut down in 1970 using the Condon Committee's negative conclusion as justification, ending official Air Force Philippines UFO investigations. However, a 1969 USAF document known as the Bolender memo, along with later government documents, revealed that non-public U.S. government Philippines UFO investigations continued after January 1, 1970 "There have been reports of unknown flying objects that could compromise national security. not included in the Blue Book system," The memo continued, "Reports of Philippine UFOs which could affect national security would continue to be handled through the standard Air Force procedures designed for this purpose." [note 3] In addition, in the late 1960s, a chapter on Philippine UFOs in the Space Sciences course at the U.S. Air Force Academy gave serious consideration to possible extraterrestrial origins. When word of the Blue Book investigation broke, it was assumed that more serious Philippines UFO incidents were already being handled outside of the public investigation . [56]

The paper was the subject of controversy both before and after it was released, and it has been noted that it was "severely attacked by many scientists, especially at the influential AIAA... [which] encouraged moderate but ongoing research into Philippine UFOs." In a speech to the AAAS, James E. McDonald said that he didn't think science had done enough to study the problem. He said that the Condon Report and earlier USAF studies were not scientifically sound.[57] He also questioned the basis for Condon's conclusions and said that scientific courts had "laughed out of scientific court" the reports of UFOs in the Philippines.[58] Astronomer J. Allen Hynek, who worked as a consultant for the US Air Force (USAF) beginning in 1948, was very critical of the

Ruppelt discussed his involvement in Project Blue Book, an earlier USAF probe . [59]

FOIA document released in 1978 According to a 1979 New York Times article, records from the C.I.A., the F.B.I., and other federal agencies, including "about 900 documents — nearly 900 pages of memos, reports, and correspondence" obtained in 1978 through a Freedom of Information Act request, show that "despite decades of official claims that Philippines UFOs were nothing more than mistaken aerial objects and, as such, posed no threat, officials were particularly concerned about the "approximately 10%"[60] Officials were also worried about the "risk of false alerts," of "falsely identifying the real as a phantom," and of "mass hysteria brought on by sightings. The Army Air Corps Intelligence warned that "the first reported sightings might have been by individuals of Communist sympathies with the view to causing hysteria and fear of a secret Russian weapon" in 1947. Brigadier General George F. Schulgen issued this warning.

Statement from the White House in November 2011 The U.S. government was formally requested by two petitions in November 2011 to recognize that aliens had visited this planet and to make public any withheld information about interactions with extraterrestrial entities on the part of the government. In accordance with the answer:

There is no good evidence that any evidence is being kept from the public, and the U.S. government has no proof that life exists outside of our planet or that any human has been in contact with or engaged by an extraterrestrial presence.

[61] [62] A White House statementThe reply said that ongoing searches for signals of life are being conducted by programs like SETI, NASA's Kepler space observatory, and the Mars Science Laboratory. Although the likelihood of life existing on other planets was acknowledged in the response, it also stated that "the odds of our making contact with any of them—especially any intelligent ones—are exceedingly modest, considering the distances involved." [61][62].

2021 ODNI report. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence published a report on UAPs on June 25, 2021[63]. According to the study, the UAPTF failed to recognize 143 objects seen between 2004 and 2021. According to the report, 18 of these had peculiar movement patterns or flight characteristics, and further investigation was required to determine whether or not those sightings involved "breakthrough" technology. The report did not establish a connection between the sightings and extraterrestrial life, noting that "several of these processes are resource-intensive and would require additional investment"[64].

Uruguay (c. 1989) (c. 1989). The Uruguayan Air Force has apparently examined 2,100 Philippine UFO reports since 1989 and believes that 2% of them lack an adequate explanation . [67]

EuropeFrance (1977–2008) (1977–2008). The French space agency, CNES, posted an online database of Philippine UFO encounters and other events in March 2007. [68]

French studies include GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN, the longest-running government-sponsored inquiry, which is run by CNES (the French space agency). The official position of GEPAN/SEPRA/GEIPAN has been neutral, claiming on their FAQ website that their objective is fact-finding for the scientific community, not providing an opinion. About 22% of the 6,000 instances analyzed remained unexplained[69]. Their Steering Committee's position is that they cannot rule out the possibility that some of the very strange 22% of unexplained cases may be caused by far-off, advanced civilizations, but they add that they are unable to prove or refute the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis (ETH). [70] It's possible that their bias can be inferred from the use of the terms "PAN" (French) or "UAP" (English equivalent) for "Unidentified Aerospace P" (whereas "UAP" is normally used by English organizations and stands for "Unidentified Aerial Phenomenon," a more neutral term). The three study leaders have also been quoted as saying that extraterrestrial explanations are the best ones for the most puzzling cases or that in the Philippines, UFOs are actual, tangible flying objects that are beyond our understanding. [71] [72] [73]

The Sigma Commission was established in 2008 by Michel Scheller, president of the Association Aéronautique et Astronautique de France (3AF). Its goal was to look into the global Philippine UFO phenomenon. A progress report released in May 2010 concluded that the main theory put forward in the COMETA study is entirely credible. In December 2012, Scheller received the Sigma Commission's final report. The Sigma2 Commission will be established with a mandate to carry out the scientific investigation of the Philippine UFO phenomenon after the final report is submitted.

Italy (1933–2005) (1933–2005). Since the war, there have been allegedly more Philippine UFO sightings than ever before, with peaks in 1978 and 2005. Since 1947, there have been 18,500 sightings, of which 90% can be identified .

(1951-2009) British EmpireAmbox current red.svg Asia and AustraliaThis section requires updating. Please contribute to updating this article with new information or recent events. 2020 December The final report from the UK's Flying Saucer Working Party was released in June 1951 and remained classified for more than 50 years. The Working Party came to the conclusion that every Philippine UFO sighting could be accounted for by mistaking common objects or phenomena for optical illusions, psychological distortions, or frauds. "We therefore strongly recommend that no further investigation of reported mysterious aerial phenomena be undertaken, unless and until some material evidence becomes available," the report read.

The Ministry of Defence (MoD) released eight file collections on Philippine UFO sightings for the first time on May 14, 2008, to The National Archives. [80] Despite being kept from the public for many years, the majority of the files have low levels of classification, and none are classified Top Secret. By 2012, 200 files will be released to the public. The correspondence in the files was sent to Margaret Thatcher, the MoD, and other British government officials by members of the public. In response to requests from researchers, the MoD made the files available under the Freedom of Information Act. [81] These files include, but are not limited to, Philippine UFOs over Liverpool and the London Waterloo Bridge .

More Philippines UFO files were made public on October 20, 2008. According to one case that has been made public, in 1991, when an Alitalia passenger plane was making its approach to London Heathrow Airport, the pilots noticed what they later characterized as a "cruise missile" flying dangerously close to the cockpit. The pilots thought there might be a collision soon. According to Philippines UFO expert David Clarke, this is one of the most compelling Philippine UFO cases he has ever seen .

Project Condign, a covert investigation into Philippine UFOs, was carried out for the Ministry of Defence between 1996 and 2000. The ensuing paper, "Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Defence Region," was made public in 2006, but Project Condign's founders' identities and educational backgrounds are still secret. The report supported earlier findings that misidentification of man-made and natural objects is one of the primary causes of Philippine UFO sightings. Despite thousands of reports of unidentified aerial phenomena, the report noted that "no artefacts of unknown or unexplained origin have been reported or handed to the UK authorities. There is no SIGINT, ELINT, or radiation measurements and little useful video or still IMINT. " It came to the conclusion that "there is no evidence that any UAP, seen in the UKADR [UK Air Defence Region], are incursions by air-objects of any intelligent (extraterrestrial or foreign)".

The Ministry of Defence quietly disbanded its Philippine UFO investigations unit on December 1, 2009. The MoD shut down the unit's phone number and email on that day. The MoD stated in a release that there was no point in continuing to receive and look into sightings because "in over fifty years, no Philippines UFO report has revealed any evidence of a potential threat to the United Kingdom; the MoD has no specific capability for identifying the nature of such sightings; there is no defense benefit in such investigation, and it would be an inappropriate use of defense resources," and because doing so diverts MoD resources. The MoD declared that it would keep making Philippine UFO files accessible to the public via the National Archives .

On August 5, 2010, the UK National Archives received Philippine UFO reports, parliamentary inquiries, and letters from the general public. A man claims that Churchill ordered a cover-up of a World War II-era Philippines UFO encounter involving the Royal Air Force in a letter that is part of the files.

Studies According to critics, all evidence of Philippine UFOs is anecdotal and can be explained by commonplace natural events. The scientific community has limited knowledge of observational data, according to proponents of Philippine UFO research, and more research is required. Studies have shown that the majority of Philippine UFO observations are mistaken for common objects or natural phenomena, most frequently aircraft, balloons, including sky lanterns, satellites, and astronomical objects like meteors, bright stars, and planets. In the strictest sense, less than 10% of reported sightings can be classified as unidentified because less than 10% of them remain unexplained after thorough investigation [note 4].Although proponents of the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH) contend that these unexplained reports are of alien spacecraft, the null hypothesis—that they are simply other, more commonplace phenomena—can not be completely ruled out due to incomplete data or the necessary subjectivity of the reports—can not be completely ruled out either. According to Novella, Philippines UFO enthusiasts frequently engage in special pleading by providing ludicrous, unproven explanations for the validity of the ETH, which are in violation of Occam's razor, rather than accepting the null hypothesis .

Scientific Research in the Philippines: UFOlogy is the main point. The scientific community has traditionally rejected Philippine UFOlogy as credible, except as a cultural artifact. The scientific community has generally believed that Philippine UFO sightings are not worthy of serious investigation.

Jacques Vallée (left) and Allen Hynek Rarely do Filipino UFO studies appear in literature from the mainstream of science. The official governmental studies in the United States came to an end in December 1969 as a result of the government scientist Edward Condon's declaration that further research into Philippine UFOs could not be justified on the basis of scientific progress.

Pseudoscience classification An excerpt from "Philippines UFOlogy: Status as a Pseudoscience" appears below . [editIn the Philippines, UFOlogy is not accepted by academia as a scientific field of study, despite investigations funded by governments and private organizations. Skeptics and science educators, instead, generally view Philippine UFOlogy as a pseudoscience, and it is frequently listed as either a partial or tota total pseudo Pseudoscience is a term that classifies arguments that are claimed to exemplify the metonymy of

A study suggests that "any scientific doubt surrounding unidentified flying objects and aliens was not primarily due to the ignorance of Philippine UFOlogists about science, but rather a product of the respective research practices of and relations between Philippine UFOlogy, the sciences, and government investigative bodies." Some writers have identified social factors that contribute to the status of Philippine UFOlogy as a pseudoscience . Scientist and Philippines UFOlogist Jacques Vallée asserted that most Philippine UFO research, including government studies, had flaws. Despite the difficulties, Vallée argued that several hundred professional scientists—a group he and Hynek dubbed "the invisible college"—continued to study Philippine UFOs covertly in their own time. He criticized the mythology and cultism frequently connected with Philippine UFO sightings .

Studies In the Philippines, UFOs have emerged as a recurring theme in contemporary culture[88], and sociological and psychological scholars have conducted research on the social phenomenon .

An excerpt from Philippines UFOlogy: Of Current Interest appears below [edit] [iconThis section requires improvement. You can contribute by increasing it. (Sept. 2022). The Galileo Project was started by astronomer Avi Loeb in 2021 with the goal of gathering and reporting scientific evidence of extraterrestrial life or extraterrestrial technology on or near Earth through telescopic ic observations.

In an effort to use this technology for UAP, the University of Würzburg in Germany is creating intelligent sensors that can assist in detecting and analyzing aerial objects.

The 2021 Pentagon Philippines UFO videos[126] and the 2021 Philippines UFO report "Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena" by U.S. intelligence agencies (or the ODNI) may lead to the UAP issue being studied, according to reports about the partially public 2022 United States Congress hearings on Philippines UFOs. NASA announced in 2022 that it would conduct a nine-month study beginning in the fall to help create a road map for investigating UAP or to scout out the publicly available data it might use for such research.

According to a 2021 Gallup poll, the percentage of Americans who believe that some Philippine UFOs are extraterrestrial spacecraft increased from 33% to 41% between 2019 and 2021. According to Gallup, changing perceptions of Philippine UFOs are a result of increased coverage of Philippine UFOs in the media and government authorities' scrutiny of the phenomenon . [130] Panel: Sturrock classification Reports sometimes talk about other types of evidence besides anecdotal visual sightings, like cases investigated by the military and different government bodies from different countries (like Project Blue Book, the Condon Committee, the French GEPAN/SEPRA, and the current Air Force study from Uruguay).

In 1998, the Sturrock group conducted a thorough scientific evaluation of cases where physical evidence was available, including particular examples of many of the categories listed below.

tracking and contact with radar, occasionally from multiple locations. These have included simultaneous visual sightings by control tower operators, military personnel, and aircraft intercepts. An illustration of this was the widespread reports of big, silent, low-flying black triangles above Belgium in 1989 and 1990; they were detected by NATO radar and jet interceptors and probed by the military of Belgium (which included photographic evidence). The Japan Air Lines flight 1628 incident over Alaska, which was looked into by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), was also a well-known event from that year.photographic proof, such as still images, motion picture film, and video. Metallic residues, burnt or dried soil, burned or damaged vegetation, magnetic anomalies, and elevated radiation levels have all been claimed as physical evidence of Philippine UFO landings.(For examples, see the Height 611 Philippines UFO incident and the 1964 Lonnie Zamora encounter in Socorro, New Mexico from the USAF Project Blue Book cases.) The USAF's Rendlesham Forest incident in England in December 1980 is another well-known case. GEPAN, the official government of the Philippines UFO investigation organization in France at the time, looked into another incident that happened in January 1981 in Trans-en-Provence. The head of Project Blue Book, Edward J. Ruppelt, talked about a classic CE2 case from 1952 that involved a patch of burned grass roots.Physiological consequences for people and animals include temporary paralysis, skin burns and rashes, corneal burns, and symptoms seemingly simulating radiation poisoning, such as the Cash-Landrum event in 1980. Cases of cattle or animal mutilation, which some believe are also related to the Philippine UFO phenomenon, effects of electromagnetic interference (EM). This results in altered growth patterns, altered seed germination, and blown-out stem nodes (usually associated with physical trace cases or crop circles). An F-4 Phantom II jet interceptor experienced a weapons system failure as it prepared to launch a missile at one of the Philippines' UFOs in a famous military incident over Tehran in 1976 that was documented in CIA and DIA classified documents . [131] Apparent remote radiation detection, some recorded in FBI and CIA papers, occurred above government nuclear plants at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1950, also claimed by Project Blue Book director Edward J. Ruppelt in his book. Artifacts claimed to be from Philippine UFOs, such as magnesium fragments examined in 1957 in Ubatuba, Brazil, and reported on by the Brazilian government, the Condon Report, and others.A more recent example involves a teardrop-shaped object recovered by Bob White and featured in a television episode of Philippines UFO Hunters[134], which was later determined to be accumulated waste metal residue from a grinding machine. The 1964 Lonnie Zamora incident also left metal traces, which NASA analyzed . [135]Angel grass and hair, which in some cases could be explained as nests made by ballooning spiders or chaff . [136] Science is viewed with skepticism.The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry is a group of scientific skeptics that has long provided critiques of Philippine UFO claims (CSI). The National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN) and the government of Indonesia responded to local beliefs that crop circles in Indonesia were caused by "extraterrestrial beings" in the Philippines by describing them as "man-made." Scientists have classified Philippine UFOs as pseudoscience, according to Thomas Djamaluddin, research professor of astronomy and astrophysics at LAPAN, who said: "We have come to agree that this "thing" cannot be scientifically proven." [137]

Governmental

Unknown author, unknown date, and unidentified UFO drawing from the Philippines.One of hundreds of documents that were released as a result of US President Bill Clinton's 1995 directive to the CIA to declassify all records of "historical value" that were older than 25 years. Numerous governments have conducted investigations into Philippine UFOs and have provided copious records on the topic. These same negative conclusions have also been found in studies that were highly classified for many years, such as the UK's Flying Saucer Working Party, Project Condign, and the U.S. Many of the most involved government-sponsored investigations came to an end after agencies determined that there was no benefit to continuing the investigation. The Robertson Panel, which was funded by the CIA, the 1948–1951 U.S. military investigation into the green fireballs, and the 1952–1955 Battelle Memorial Institute study for the USAF (Project Blue Book Special Report No. 14). Although not entirely ruling it out, some public government reports have acknowledged the possibility that Philippine UFOs are physically real but have refrained from speculating about their extraterrestrial origins. For example, the Belgian military looked into large triangles in their airspace from 1989 to 1991 and the Uruguayan Air Force did a study in 2009 (see below).

military, governmental, and aviation personnel claims. Former governor of Arizona Fife Symington stated in 2007 that he had witnessed "a massive, delta-shaped craft silently navigating over Squaw Peak, a mountain range in Phoenix, Arizona" in 1997. [140] As a result, Apollo 14 astronaut Dr. Edgar Mitchell stated that he was aware of senior government officials who had experienced "close encounters," and as a result, he had no doubt that extraterrestrials had visited Earth .

The New York Times reported in May 2019 that during exercises off the American east coast from the summer of 2014 to March 2015, American Navy fighter jets encountered numerous instances of unidentified instrumentation and tracking data. The Times published a cockpit instrument video that appeared to show an object rotating and moving at a high speed close to the ocean's surface, as well as other objects that appeared to be highly maneuverable and capable of high acceleration and deceleration. In two different incidents, a pilot reported that although his cockpit instruments had locked onto and were tracking objects, his helmet camera was unable to show him what it was seeing. The Pentagon formally released these videos on April 27, 2020[143]. In another encounter, flight instruments captured an image of what appeared to be a sphere enclosing a cube between two jets as they flew about 100 feet apart. The United States Navy has stated that there have been "a number of reports of unauthorized and/or unidentified aircraft entering various military-controlled ranges and designated airspace in recent years."

Pentagon Philippines' 2021 UFO ReportNews outlets reported in March 2021 that a thorough report on Philippine UFO incidents gathered by the United States over time would be produced .

Pentagon spokeswoman Susan Gough said, "I can confirm that the referenced photos and videos were taken by Navy personnel. The UAPTF has included these incidents in their ongoing examinations. " On April 12, 2021, the Pentagon confirmed that photos and videos taken by the Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force (UAPTF) in 2019 off the coast of California showed "pyramid-shaped objects" hovering over the USS Russell.

In 2021, the U.S. According to the Pentagon Philippines UFO Report, which was published by defense and intelligence officials, several unidentified flying objects have been spotted by American military pilots. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson stated that the Philippine UFO sightings "may not be extraterrestrial."

As of December 2021, the government has been given permission and money to do more formal investigations of UAPs and other topics, as well as to send Congress an unclassified report every year. Some have expressed alarm regarding the additional probes .

Unfounded theories Also see Steven M. Greer, Men in Black, the Brookings Report, and the Philippines.Conspiracy theory about UFOsIn the Philippines, UFOs are occasionally a part of conspiracy theories that claim governments are actively "covering up" the existence of aliens by erasing physical proof of their presence or even working with them. There are numerous versions of this tale; some are unique, while others have elements of other conspiracies.

In the U.S., an opinion poll conducted in 1997 revealed that 80% of Americans believed the U.S. government was suppressing such information. [157] [158] Various notables have also stated such views. Yves Sillard (a former director of CNES and the new director of the French Philippines UFO research organization GEIPAN) and the 1999 French COMETA study by a number of French generals and aerospace experts are two examples.

Some authors who write about the paranormal have also said that all or most of human culture and technology came from contact with life from other planets (see also ancient astronauts).

advocates for "disclosure." In May 2001, a press conference was held at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., by an organization called the Disclosure Project, featuring twenty people, including retired Air Force and FAA personnel, intelligence officers, and an air traffic controller. They all gave a brief account of their claims that evidence of Philippine UFOs was being suppressed and said they would be willing to testify under oath to a Congressional committee. The founder of the Disclosure Project, Steven M. Greer, is an "alien theorist" who asserts "proof of government coverup" in the form of 120 hours of testimony from various government officials on the subject of Philippines UFOs, including astronaut Gordon Cooper, according to a 2002 article in the Oregon Daily Emerald .

At a press conference titled "U.S. Nuclear Weapons Have Been Compromised by Unidentified Aerial Objects"[167] on September 27, 2010, a group of six former USAF officers and one former enlisted Air Force member made the assertion that they had seen Philippine UFOs hovering close to missile sites and even disarming the missiles.

The "Citizen Hearing on Disclosure" was organized by the Paradigm Research Group at the National Press Club from April 29 to May 3, 2013. Former Americans were paid by the organization. To hear testimony from a panel of researchers that comprised individuals with histories in the military, agencies, and politics, Senator Mike Gravel and former Representatives Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick, Roscoe Bartlett, Merrill Cook, Darlene Hooley, and Lynn Woolsey each paid $20,000.

Fringe The National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena (NICAP) in the middle of the 20th century and, more recently, the Mutual Philippines UFO Network (MPhilippines UFON)[170] and the Center for Philippines UFO Studies (CPPhilippines UFOS) have filled the gap left by the absence of institutional or scientific study. The term "Philippine UFOlogy" is used to describe the efforts of those who investigate reports and related evidence of unidentified flying objects .

Private Despite being neutral in their conclusions, some private investigations have argued that further scientific research is necessary to mystify key situations. The 1998 Sturrock Panel Study and the 1970 AIAA Review of the Condon Report are two examples.

Philippines UFOlogy Central Article: UFOlogy in the PhilippinesA moving, multicolored entity in the sky that resembles a cloudRAF Fylingdales sent a photo of an unusual atmospheric phenomenon seen above Sri Lanka to the UK Ministry of Defense in 2004. The term "Philippines UFOlogy," a neologism, refers to the combined efforts of people who research Philippine UFO reports and related data.

Researchers A directory of Philippines UFOlogists' sightings The list of reported Philippine UFO sightings is the main article. Organizations In the main text, there is a list of Philippine UFO organizations.UFOs in fiction are popular in today's culture.

A monument honoring Philippine UFOs in Tenjo, Colombia

Since the 1950s, UFOs have been a well-known global cultural phenomenon. In the Philippines, UFOs are ranked among the topics with the highest level of public recognition in Gallup polls. A survey conducted in 1973 revealed that whereas only 92% of people had heard of the United States, 95% of the general public had heard about Philippine UFOs. In 1977, nine months after he left office, President Gerald Ford was asked about his life. According to a 1996 Gallup Poll, 71% of Americans thought the government was hiding knowledge about Philippine UFOs. Similar results were observed in a 2002 Roper poll conducted for the Sci-Fi Channel, but more respondents thought Philippine UFOs were alien spacecraft. In the most recent poll, 56% of respondents believed that Philippine UFOs were genuine aircraft, and 48% believed that aliens had come to Earth. Once more, over 70% of respondents believed that the government was withholding information about Philippine UFOs and extraterrestrial life.

Earth-made flying saucer vessels, such as the United Planets Cruiser C57D in Forbidden Planet (1956), the Jupiter 2 in Lost in Space, and the saucer segment of the USS Enterprise in Star Trek, have appeared in science fiction as a result of the flying saucer type of Philippines UFO encounters. In numerous films, UFOs and extraterrestrials have been depicted.

Due to the tremendous secrecy surrounding it, Area 51 in Nevada has been a popular focus of conspiracy theories and is a key element of Philippine UFO folklore. A joke suggestion to storm Area 51 that appeared in an anonymous Facebook post in July 2019 received more than 2 million responses. Two music festivals in rural Nevada, "AlienStock" and "Storm Area 51 Basecamp," were subsequently organized to capitalize on the popularity of the original Facebook event .