Purpose The purpose of this article is to investigate possible differences in effect between three types of masks in the acute treatment of cluster headache (CH). Patients and methods Fifty-seven CH patients according to ICHD-II-criteria participated in a single-blinded, semi-randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover inpatient study, and 102 CH attacks were treated with 100% oxygen delivered by demand valve oxygen (DVO), O2ptimask or simple mask (15 liters/min) or placebo delivered by DVO for 15 minutes. Primary endpoint: Two-point decrease of pain on a five-point rating scale within 15 minutes. Results Only 10 CH patients had multiple attacks and reached the point of placebo. There were no significant differences between masks in the primary endpoints ( p = 0.412). After 15 minutes 48% had a two-point decrease using the DVO compared to 45% with placebo ( p = 0.867). After 30 minutes 68% were pain free or had pain relief using DVO and 45% by placebo ( p = 0.061). The DVO was preferred by 62% compared to 5% and 33% for simple mask ( p < 0.0001) and O2ptimask ( p = 0.061). In the first attack the DVO was significantly better at achieving pain relief at 15 minutes ( p = 0.018). Treatment with DVO or O2ptimask reduced the need for rescue medication compared to the simple mask (23%, 19%, 50%, respectively). No treatment-related adverse events were observed. Conclusion The primary endpoint with pain relief at 15 minutes was non-significant; however, a post hoc analysis of the first attack significantly favored DVO. Further, therapy by O2ptimask and DVO resulted in a decreased need for rescue medication. We recommend that CH patients be offered DVO or O2ptimask before oxygen therapy is abandoned.

My hope is to create excitement and curiosity about how animals mechanistically solve challenges such as changing oxygen levels, salinity, temperature or pollutants. I always try to encourage critical and independent thinking and innovative ways of studying animal physiology.


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Motyka, R., Norin, T., Petersen, L.H., Huggett, D.B. and Gamperl, A.K. Long-Term hypoxia exposure alters the cardiorespiratory physiology of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), but does not affect their upper thermal tolerance. (2017). J. Therm. Biol. 68:149-161.


Petersen, L.H. Burleson, M.L and Huggett, D.B. Temperature and species-specific effects on B3-adrenergic receptor cardiac regulation in two freshwater teleosts: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). (2015). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A 185: 132-141.

 

Petersen, L.H., Hala D., Carty D., Cantu M. and Huggett D.B. Effects of Progesterone and Norethindrone on Female Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) Steroidogenesis. (2015). Environ. Toxicol.Chem. 34:379-390.


Petersen, L.H., Needham, S.L., Burleson, M.L., Overturf, M.D. and Huggett, D.B. Involvement of 3-adrenergic receptors in in vivo cardiovascular function in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (2013). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 164: 291-300.


Petersen, L.H. and Gamperl, A.K. Cod (Gadus morhua) cardiorespiratory physiology and hypoxia following acclimation to low-oxygen conditions. (2011). Physiol. Biochem. Zool. 84: 18-31.

 

Petersen, LH., Dzialowski, E. and Huggett, D.B. The interactive effects of a gradual temperature decrease and long-term food deprivation on cardiac and hepatic blood flow in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (2011). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A. 160: 311-319.


Petersen, L.H. and Gamperl, A.K. Effects of acute and chronic hypoxic effects on the swimming performance, metabolic capacity and cardiac function of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). (2010). J. Exp. Biol. 213: 808-819.

 

Petersen, L.H. and Gamperl, A.K. In situ cardiac function in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Effects of acute and chronic hypoxia. (2010). J. Exp. Biol. 213: 820-830.


Hall, J.R., Short, C.E., Petersen, L.H., Stacey, J., Gamperl, A.K. and Driedzic, W.R. Expression levels of genes associated with oxygen utilization, glucose transport and glucose phosphorylation in hypoxia exposed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). (2009). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. D. 4: 128-138.


Agnisola, C., Petersen, L.H. and Mustafa, T. Effect of coronary perfusion on the basal performance, volume loading and oxygen consumption in the isolated resistance-headed heart of the trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). (2003). J. Exp. Biol. 206: 4003-4010.

The two atoms involved in causing the light from aurora are oxygen and nitrogen. Specifically, the colors we see are due to photon emission from monatomic oxygen (O), monatomic nitrogen (N), diatomic nitrogen (N2), diatomic oxygen (O2), and ionized diatomic nitrogen (N2+).

Recall from the section on the Altitude of Aurora and the Thermosphere that in the lower reaches of the Thermosphere the composition is primarily N2 and O2, although the atomic oxygen level is still high in the lower Thermosphere. Monatomic oxygen (O) dominates in the upper region. Most of the visible aurora is from atomic oxygen (O) and molecular nitrogen (N2)

As crewed missions to the moon become closer, the focus on in-situ resource utilization efforts has increased. Since lunar soil has abundant oxygen on the surface of the moon, work has been done to process this resource in an efficient manner. Hydrogen reduction of lunar regolith has emerged as a method of liberating oxygen that can be used for fuel and water production. Traditional reduction techniques require high temperatures and increased complexity when dealing with high amounts of silicates. Plasma can reduce silicates efficiently and thus has become of high interest for use in the lunar highlands where silicates exist in high quantities. NASA's Kennedy Space Center is exploring the use of low temperature plasmas for the reduction of silicates. This work shows that exposing silicates to a hydrogen plasma produces water. Residual gas analysis and optical emission spectroscopy were used to measure the relative quantities of water vapor production and OH (A-X) emission for hydrogen plasma interactions with lunar highland simulant and silica. X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were also used to observe surface modifications to the silicates that reflect the key chemical reactions that occurred. From this data, plasma has emerged as a promising solution to produce oxygen on the lunar surface. Work supported by NASA's Science Technology Mission Directorate Center Innovation Fund.

What award(s) did you receive from the ISGC?

I benefited from ISGC funding twice. The first opportunity came in the form of funding for an internship at Marshall Space Flight Center during the summer of 2015. This internship gave me the opportunity to work on environmental control and life support systems, specifically working on recycling oxygen from metabolic carbon dioxide to support long-duration human habitation in space and reducing oxygen resupply from Earth. This internship gave me the experience that made me eligible for the internship I had during the spring of 2016 at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) that directly led to my current employment at KSC.

Nitrogen is a nutrient that encourages plant growth, including algae blooms that either turn the water murky, or form floating mats. During the day, algae flourishes under the sun (photosynthesis), but at night, bacteria starts to break down the plant life, using oxygen from the water to perform that decomposition, said Petersen.

Interested Dartmouth residents who don't currently have a denitrification system can contact Petersen via email (petersen@savebuzzardsbay.org) or by phone (508-999-6363 x206). South Coast natives who aren't ready to upgrade can still help curtail nitrogen pollution by eliminating lawn fertilizer.

Minimally invasive surgery combined with enhanced recovery programmes has improved outcomes after lung cancer surgery and where early mobilisation may be an important factor. However, little is known about pulmonary function and oxygenation during mobilisation after video-assisted pulmonary lobectomy. The aim of this prospective pilot cohort study was to explore the effect of postural changes (from supine to sitting to standing) on pulmonary function and oxygen saturation in a well-defined enhanced recovery programmes setting after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomy.

Improvements in care and surgical technique with minimal invasive thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) have improved pulmonary outcomes combined with ERAS implementation (Batchelor et al. 2019), but specific studies on the role of posture on lung function and oxygenation are not available.

Since bed rest per se may have detrimental effects on several organ systems (Harper and Lyles 1988), early mobilisation continues to be rational to improve function such as muscle function and decreased risk of thromboembolic complications. However, the problem to show the exact differential effect of early postoperative mobilisation on outcome has been difficult and probably not realistic due to the multimodal interventional nature of enhanced recovery programmes (Kehlet 2020). Nevertheless, the present data and the similar observations from non-ERAS open abdominal surgery (Mynster et al. 1996; Basse et al. 2002) serve as a major stimulus for the integration of enforced early mobilisation in perioperative care and which may be of special value when performing pulmonary surgery with an inherited risk of pulmonary complications (atelectasis, pneumonia, respiratory failure, etc.) and need for oxygen support (Kaneda et al. 2007). Consequently, the enforced early postoperative mobilisation should despite some negative long-term data from an ERAS colonic programme (Fiore Jr. et al. 2017; Balvardi et al. 2021) be prioritised in nursing care and studied in more detail with objective monitoring of mobilisation in VATS and other pulmonary procedures. In this context, reasons for not being mobilised should be analysed with regard to organisational vs. patient-related factors. Importantly, early mobilisation may be hindered by early orthostatic intolerance (Jans and Kehlet 2017, Nakada et al. 2021) calling for further studies on the pathogenic mechanisms and prevention (Jans and Kehlet 2017; Kehlet 2020). 006ab0faaa

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