Passion and Politics
Gen Z's growing influence in American democracy
By Kaitlyn Markert
April 24, 2024
By Kaitlyn Markert
April 24, 2024
Natalie Flanagan(left), 21-year-old campaign manager, speaks at a fundraiser for her candidate, Ari Faber, Nov. 29, 2024. (Photo/Kaitlyn Markert)
A new generation is making waves in American politics. Forty-one million members of Generation Z—the young people between ages 13 and 28—were eligible to vote in the 2024 presidential election. As Gen Z comes of age, their political impact is growing. Known for their digital savvy, activism, and progressive stance on key issues, they are reshaping the nation’s political landscape. Their top priorities—climate change, racial justice, economic inequality, and reproductive rights—reflect a desire for systemic change.
A TikTok video using a clip from the movie, "Mean Girls," as an analogy for police reform, April 4, 2021. (TikTok/@afunctioninggay)
Unlike millennials, who entered adulthood during the Great Recession, Gen Z was set to inherit a strong economy with record-low unemployment—until the COVID-19 pandemic upended the nation's social, political, and economic landscape. Widespread isolation and mental health struggles intensified for Gen Z, while economic disruptions delayed financial independence, forcing many to reconsider traditional career paths. Politically, the pandemic drove engagement online, as canceled rallies and in-person events led to a surge in digital activism. Social media, online petitions, and virtual protests became powerful tools for Gen Z to organize, share information, and push for social change on a global scale.
Below: A graphic showing the 10 petitions that recieved the most signatures on Change.org during 2020, Dec. 21, 2020. (Graphic/Change.org)
A video clip of an interview with activist David Hogg on The Daily Show, Dec. 24, 2024. (Video/The Daily Show)
Newly elected vice chair of the Democratic National Committee, David Hogg—the first Gen Z member to hold the position—spoke on The Daily Show about the responsibility of his generation. He called on Gen Z to repurpose a mantra taught to students to prepare them for action in the event of a mass shooting, “Run, hide, fight,”
“I think it’s time for our generation to repurpose that [mantra] and realize it’s—we have a responsibility not to hide from the responsibility to protect the next generation so that they don’t go through this. We have to fight to create that future, and if necessary we need to run for office to make that future a reality.”
A graphic from the University of Missouri-Kansas City depicting the recommended response to an active shooting event, March 19, 2018 (Graphic/UMKC)
Gen Z’s influence is already evident at the ballot box. In the 2022 midterms, young voters turned out in historic numbers, helping prevent a widely predicted “red wave” and securing key victories for Democrats in battleground states like Pennsylvania, Michigan, and Georgia. According to analysis by Catalist, 65% of Gen Z voters supported Democratic candidates, making them a crucial voting bloc in tightly contested races.
Their impact was even more pronounced in the 2024 presidential election. While youth voter turnout saw a slight dip from 2020, efforts by Gen Z-led organizations, like Voters of Tomorrow and Gen Z for Change, played pivotal roles in mobilizing their peers through digital campaigns, voter registration drives, and grassroots organizing. Unlike previous generations, Gen Z does not rely solely on traditional political institutions to shape policy. They use their digital fluency to drive conversations, demand accountability, and challenge the status quo.
In the 2024 presidential election, Vice President Kamala Harris's campaign effectively harnessed social media to engage younger voters, particularly Generation Z. A pivotal moment occurred when pop star Charli XCX referred to Harris as "brat," aligning with the release of her album "Brat," which sparked a viral trend known as "brat summer."
Embracing this momentum, the Harris campaign adopted the "brat" motif, incorporating lime green—a color associated with the trend—into their digital presence. This strategy aimed to resonate with younger voters by connecting with a cultural phenomenon they embraced
A screenshot of an X post from musician Charli XCX endorsing former Vice President Kamala Harris's 2024 presidential campaign on July 7, 2024. (Screenshot/Kaitlyn Markert)
The campaign's adoption of the "brat" theme extended to their online platforms, where they showcased content featuring the lime green aesthetic. This approach sought to capture the attention of Gen Z voters and align the campaign with their cultural touchstones.
While these efforts successfully attracted attention and engagement online, translating this digital enthusiasm into tangible electoral success proved challenging. The campaign's embrace of the "brat" trend highlighted the complexities of leveraging viral internet culture within the traditional political framework.
A TikTok video depicting a voter registration event held by Turning Point USA's Charlie Kirk, captioned "Gen Z for Trump!" Oct. 2, 2024. (TikTok/@thelogandubil)
While Gen Z has proven to be a powerful political force, their generation is far from monolithic. Although many young voters lean progressive, a growing conservative faction within Gen Z is shaping political discourse in a different direction. Issues like free speech, economic policy, and Second Amendment rights have gained traction among young conservatives, leading to the rise of influencers and organizations that challenge the assumption that all Gen Z voters align with left-leaning ideals.
The ideological divide within Gen Z is perhaps most evident in how they engage with political content. Progressive activists dominate platforms like TikTok and Instagram, while conservative voices thrive on YouTube, X, and alternative platforms like President Donald Trump’s Truth Social. Figures such as Vivek Ramaswamy and Turning Point USA’s Charlie Kirk appeal to young conservatives by promoting a message of individualism, anti-woke politics, and economic deregulation.
Despite these divides, one unifying trait of Gen Z—regardless of political ideology—is their demand for authenticity. Unlike previous generations, Gen Z voters are less likely to align with traditional party structures and more inclined to support candidates who reflect their values and personal convictions, even if it means breaking with party norms. This independent streak has led to increased support for third-party candidates and political movements that reject establishment politics altogether.
Graph of the annual average U.S. political party identification between 1988-2022, Jan. 15, 2023. (Graph/Gallup)
As the 2024 election shows, Gen Z’s growing influence is not just about progressive activism—it’s about a generation reshaping political engagement on both ends of the ideological spectrum. The question now is whether their increasing political power will lead to greater division or new opportunities for dialogue and compromise.
Regardless of political affiliation, one thing is clear: Gen Z has revolutionized political engagement through social media and digital activism. Unlike previous generations that relied on television, newspapers, and in-person organizing, Gen Z uses platforms like Tiktok, Instagram, and X to drive political discourse, shape public opinion, and mobilize action at an unprecedented scale.
A TikTok video using a 2020 trend where creators used black paint to draw the raised fist symbol and write "Black Lives Matter" or "I Can't Breathe" on their face or body while lipsyncing the lyrics to Macklemore & Ryan Lewis's "Same Love," June 2, 2020. (TikTok/@lesotwins)
Social media has allowed young activists to bypass traditional gatekeepers, amplifying their voices and reaching millions in a matter of hours. Hashtag movements such as #BlackLivesMatter, #MeToo, and #ClimateStrike gained global traction, largely due to Gen Z’s ability to turn viral moments into sustained activism. Digital-native organizations like Gen Z for Change and March For Our Lives have mastered the art of using short-form videos, memes, and livestreams to inform, persuade, and organize their peers around critical issues.
This shift has not come without challenges. The rise of digital activism has sparked concerns over misinformation, echo chambers, and the performative nature of online engagement—often referred to as “slacktivism.” While Gen Z has demonstrated an ability to translate online momentum into real-world action—such as protests, voter registration drives, and fundraising efforts—critics question whether digital engagement alone can create lasting systemic change. The increasing role of algorithms in shaping political content also raises concerns about how information is curated and whether it reinforces ideological bubbles.
Despite these obstacles, social media remains Gen Z’s most powerful tool for political engagement. From calling out politicians in viral videos to organizing nationwide protests with just a few taps, their digital fluency ensures that no issue is too small—or too big—to be ignored. The question is how Gen Z will continue to evolve their activism as they gain more political power within traditional institutions.
As Gen Z continues to redefine political engagement through social media, activism, and voter participation, the next frontier is leadership. While their influence is already shaping policy debates and election outcomes, the real test will be how they navigate governance and policymaking in the years ahead.
With the first wave of Gen Z candidates already securing political office—most notably Maxwell Frost in Congress, along with a growing number of young state legislators—this generation is proving that they are not content with just influencing politics from the outside. Many are stepping into roles where they can craft legislation, challenge outdated policies, and push for systemic change from within.
Looking ahead, the long-term impact of Gen Z in politics will depend on their ability to sustain momentum. Will their digital activism translate into sustained civic engagement, legislative influence, and long-term policy shifts? How will they address internal generational divides and work across ideological lines to govern effectively? As they come of age in an era of deep political polarization, their ability to balance activism with pragmatic policymaking will determine whether they can reshape the American political landscape for generations to come.