The aim of this WEB page is to describe the research activities made by the author since 1988. 

After my first "Engineer in Meteorology" course (1980-83) I was first an operational forecaster at la Météorologie Nationale at Rennes in the west of France (1983-86).

After my second "Engineer in Meteorology" course (1986-88), my first research topic was about the concept of Available Enthalpy (also called Exergy), with a special attention paid between 1988 and 2003 to possible applications to the atmospheric science and to meteorology (PhD passed in 1994, Prud'Homme's prize in 1995). 

Another research topic was the work on the parameterisation of atmospheric processes (continuous works between 1988 and 2022) in the Arpege NWP model and OAGCM, with a special interest in the turbulent processes (from my first CNRM 1982-83 Internship, my first 1986 paper, the 1991-94 Arpege project, the 1995-2008 Climate team, my 2014-2022 GMAP activities, and with in particular my HDR passed in 2016)

I have then studied more specifically since 2010 the definition and the properties of the absolute definition of the entropy (based on the Third law of thermodynamics) for both the moist-air atmosphere and the seawater, together with the definition and the study of the associated absolute moist-air thermal enthalpy.

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The topic of research about Exergy started during a two-years Research Internship at the L.M.D. (Laboratory on Dynamical Meteorology) at the Polytechnic school (Palaiseau, France, 1988-90), with a PhD obtained in 1994 (at the Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France) and then a HDR passed in 2016 (Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches, at the Institut National Polytechnique at Toulouse, France).

After my 1988-90 Internship at the LMD directed by Daniel Cadet, my research activities on these subject were conducted in the operational team of Numerical Weather Forecasting (Paris and Toulouse, France, 1990-1995), then in the Climate team at the CNRM (Centre National de Recherche en Météorologie / National Research Center on Meteorology, Toulouse, 1995-2008), then in the Laboratory of Weather Forecasting (Toulouse, 2008-2014), and then back at the CNRM and till the end in the GMAP team (from 2014 to Mach 2022, before my retirement from Météo-France). 

1) My  Papers / (WGNE-arXiv-Zenodo) Notes / Meeting-Documents  about the  moist-air and seawater Entropy and Thermal-Enthalpy:

• 2026-b / Marquet, P. (April 2026). Submitted the 7th of October 2024. First revised in November 2025. Accepted the 25th of March, 2026. Online since the 23th of April, 2026.  "The absolute seawater entropy: Part II. Case studies." Comptes Rendus Geoscience Paris, France. (see the C. R. Geoscience PDF) (see the arXiv PDF) (see the Zenodo PDF). Supplementary Materials and Answers to Editor+Referees are available on Zenodo (Supp. Mat.) (Answers1) (Answers2).  

• 2026-a / Marquet, P. (April 2026) Submitted the 7th of October 2024. First revised in November 2025. Accepted the 23th of March, 2026. Online since the 23th of April, 2026.  "The absolute seawater entropy: Part~I. Definition." Comptes Rendus Geoscience Paris, France. (see the C. R. Geoscience PDF) (see the arXiv PDF) (see the Zenodo PDF). Supplementary Materials and Answers to Editor+Referees are available on Zenodo (Supp. Mat.) (Answers1) (Answers2). 

• 2026 / Marquet P. (March 2026)  "Answers to the two Referees about the second revision for the Comptes Rendus Geoscience paper: The absolute seawater entropy: Part I and II."  (see: Zenodo) 

• 2025 / Marquet P. (December 2025)  "Answers to the Editors and the three Referees about the first revision for the Comptes Rendus Geoscience paper: The absolute seawater entropy: Part I and II."  (see: Zenodo) 

• 2025 / Marquet P (November 2025).  "Supplementary Materials showing the computations of absolute enthalpies and entropies for atmospheric components (N2, O2, Ar, CO2 and H2O) and for sea-salts anions and cations (H+, OH-, Na+, K+, Cl-, F-, Br-, Ca++, Mg++, SO4--, ...), including answers to many FAQ written by opponents of using the (third-law) absolute entropies and enthalpies in Geosciences." (see: Zenodo)  (see: Research Gate)

•  2025 / Marquet, P. (submitted the 12th of May 2025)  "Comment on the paper "Diurnal cycle in the energetics and efficiency of tropical cyclones" by Laurel Regibeau-Rockett and Morgan E. O'Neill."  This Comment has been rejected by the JAS on the 15th of July, 2025 (Editor Dr. Zhuo Wang, who followed the rejection of the invited referee-3 Olivier Pauluis, and in spite of a favorable referee-1 and an unknown referee-2).  

• 2024 / Marquet, P. (October 2024) Submition the 7th of October 2024 of a two-parts paper for the Comptes Rendus Geoscience "The absolute seawater entropy: Part~I. Definition. Part II. Case studies." finally published in April 2026 (see above).

• 2024 / Marquet, P. (June 2024)  Comments about the (egusphere-2024-1243) papers of Rainer Feistel  "TEOS-10 and the Climatic Relevance of Ocean-Atmosphere" (see EGUspere).  I show in my comments  (see Comment-1-txt [CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-1243']) (see: Comment-1-pdf) (see: Comment-2-txt+pdf) how the definition of the absolute seawater entropy (already defined by Millero and Leung, 1976 and Millero, 1982) can be easily computed from the TEOS10 (arbitrary-reference) value, with interesting new results obtained with the the study of the absolute seawater entropy for the SCIEX-96 (and TEOS10 and UNESCO) CTD profiles. I give detailed answers in order to explain why Rainer Feistel is wrong when he (continuously) decided since 1993, without proof, that is was not interesting, relevant, nor even possible to compute and study the absolute seawater entropy (and in particular without the possibility offered by the TEOS10 software to compute this absolute seawater entropy). Halas, I see no changes related to my Comments in the final published paper by Rainer Feistel... For this reason, I have decided to submit the two-parts C. R. Geoscience paper submitted in October 2024 and published in April 2026 (see above).

     --  --  -- --  Retirement in April 2022 from the CNRM / Météo-France Toulouse -- -- -- --

• 2022 / Marquet P. (2022) "A summary of several meteorological properties of the moist-air entropy variables θs and PV(θs )"  arXiv site (see: arXiv PDF)

• 2022 / Marquet, P., Pauline Martinet, Jean-François Mahfouf, Alina Lavinia Barbu, and Benjamin Ménétrier (April 2022)  "Towards the use of conservative thermodynamic variables in data assimilation : a case study using ground-based microwave radiometer measurements"  Atmos. Meas. Tech., Vol.15 (7), p.2021-2035. (DOI) (AMT) (arXiv)

• 2022 / Marquet, P. and Bjorn Stevens (March 2022) "On moist potential temperatures and their ability to characterize differences in the properties of air parcels"  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol.79 (4), 1089-1103. (DOI) (JAS) (arXiv)

• 2022 / Marquet, P. (January 2022) "Entropy in Arpege/Arome NWP models : computations / post-treatments / use by forecasters?"  Ateliers Prévi-GMAP, Toulouse, France (PDF on RG: More/Download) See also the English extended version available on arXiv (arXiv)

• 2021 / Marquet P. (2021) "Computation of moist-air surface entropy at Mauna Loa"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2021 / Marquet P., Adriana Bailey (2021) "Comparisons of H2O pathways with moist isentropes"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2020 / Marquet P., P. Bechtold (2020) "A new Estimated Inversion Strength (EIS) based on the moist-air entropy"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• The year 2019 was very sad but instructive, revealing how many reticence (alas due to many colleagues at the CNRM, in particular...) or even complete refusal (Olivier Pauluis, David Romps, Rémi Tailleux, Rainer Feistel, Frédéric Hourdin, ...) were and are still numerous and very active to try to prevent me from publishing my papers about the applications of the absolute third-law entropy to study the atmosphere and ocean thermodynamics. Fortunately, I had been able to publish most of my ideas and results until then (thanks in particular to Jean-François Geleyn and Peter Bechtold for my old 2011-2015 QJRMS papers, and thanks to Peter Bechtold again for saving my two 2019 papers in "La Météorologie").  And fortunately I will be able to publish my last three papers before retiring (in 2020 with Jean-François Mahfouf about the moist-air exergy norm, in 2022 with Jean-François Mahfouf again about the moist-air entropy used as a conservative variable in assimilation processes, and then during the COVID period with Bjorn Stevens who fully understand that only theta-s and the absolute third-law version both represent the moist-air entropy, and neither theta-e nor theta-l. I am also pleased to have been able to publish many notes in the WGNE "Blue book", where I was able to describe many important results that had remained unpublished in more prestigious journals (changes of dry- and moist-air entropy and other variables with CO2 changes; H2O pathways better represented with the moist-air absolute entropy and theta_s; the need to use Lewis number different from unity in moist-air turbulence to be based on the third-law absolute entropy and theta_s; the need to use the absolute thermal moist-air enthalpy to compute closed energy budgets like during the EBEX-2000 campaign; the interest to use the moist-air third-law entropy and theta_s for describing the Sc/Cu transition and to compute a more relevant inversion strength EIS; etc).

• Marquet, P. (2019) "Application of the second law to the atmosphere: impacts of the third-law definition for the moist-air entropy"  Submitted to the revue "Entropy" at the end of January 2019, but rejected (with an acceptation of one of the referee, but a refusal of the other...) (arXiv)

• Marquet, P. (2019) "The first and second order approximations of the third-law moist-air entropy potential temperature" Submitted to the QJRMS at the end of January 2019, then refused without any review (no reviewer found!!) Re-submitted to the MWR, then refused again (with one very positive review, and one very negative but irrelevant review simply "against the third-law"). The re-re-submitted to the JAS according to the MWR advive, but refused again (with the impossible demand to remove all mention to the third law of thermodynamics...) (arXiv)

• Marquet, P. (2019) "Comment on the paper 'Generalized dynamic equations related to condensation and freezing processes’ by Wang and Huang (JGR 2018)". Submitted to the "Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres" in September 2018. Paper rejected (because the author Wang could not write an answer with a good enough English...) (arXiv)

• Note that Rémi Tailleux tried to make these two "La Météorologie" 2019 papers rejected, simply because according to him the absolute third-law entropy should not be computed nor studied in the atmosphere nor in the ocean...

• 2019b / Marquet, P. (Nov. 2019) "The third law of thermodynamics or an absolute definition for Entropy. Part 1: the origin and applications in thermodynamics"  La Météorologie, N°107, p.53–63 (DOI) (arXiv) 

• 2019a / Marquet, P. (Nov. 2019) "The third law of thermodynamics or an absolute definition for Entropy. Part 2: definitions and applications"  La Météorologie, N°107, p.45–52 (DOI) (arXiv)

• 2019 / Marquet P. "A new way to compute the energy budget in GCMs and NWP models with the use of the enthalpy flux: the EBEX-2000 campaign"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet, P. and Dauhut, Th. (2018) "Reply to a Comment of Olivier Pauluis to the paper "A Third-Law Isentropic Analysis of a simulated Hurricane""  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2018, Vol.75 (10), p.3735-3747  (DOI)  (JAS)  (arXiv)

• 2018 / Pascal Marquet, Guylaine Canut and William Maurel (2018) "An evaluation of the Energy budget computed with observed Enthalpy surface fluxes"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet, P. "Computation of the exchange coefficients and the turbulent Lewis numbers for 8 LES of HIGH-Tune".  HIGH-Tune meeting (15th of June, 2018), Toulouse, France  (Meeting Page)  (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet P. and Dauhut. Th. (Feb. 2018)  "Quelques aspects de l’énergétique de l’air humide pour le cyclone Dumilé et pour "Hector the Convector".  Atelier de Modélisation de l’Atmosphère (AMA) Journée DEPHY  (MEETING)  (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet P., G. Canut, W. Maurel (2018) "An evaluation of the Energy budget computed with observed Enthalpy surface fluxes"  WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2017 : Marquet P. and Dauhut Th. (Nov. 2017)  "L’impact du contenu en eau de l’atmosphère pour évaluer son énergie et les processus isentropes de l’air humide" Megha-Tropiques meeting at Avignon, France. 

• 2017 / Marquet, P. (2017) "A Third-Law Isentropic Analysis of a simulated Hurricane"  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2017, Vol.74, Issue no.10, p.3451-3471 (DOI) (JAS) (arXiv)

• 2017 / Marquet P., William Maurel and Rachel Honnert (2017)  "On consequences of measurements of turbulent Lewis number from observations"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2017 / Marquet P. and Sophie Belamari (2017)  "On new bulk formulas based on moist-air entropy"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2017 / Marquet P. (2017)  "The impacts of observed small turbulent Lewis number in stable stratification: changes in the thermal production?"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2016 / Marquet, P. "Etude de l’énergétique de l’air humide et des paramétrisations de l’atmosphère : propriété de l’exergie, de l’enthalpie utilisable, de l’entropie et de l’enthalpie" Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (H.D.R.) de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (I.N.P.T.)  (28th June, 2016)  / Habilitation Thesis "A study of the moist-air energetics and the parameterizations of the atmosphere. Properties of exergy, available enthalpy, entropy and enthalpy" (see HAL)

• 2016 / Marquet P. (2016)  "The mixed-phase version of moist-air entropy"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2016 / Marquet, P. (2016) "Comments on “MSE minus CAPE is the True Conserved Variable for an Adiabatically Lifted Parcel”  Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 73, Issue 6, p.2565-2575  (DOI) (JAS)  (arXiv)

• 2015 / Marquet P. (2015)  "An improved approximation for the moist-air entropy potential temperature $\theta_s$"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2015 / Marquet P. (2015)  "Definition of Total Energy budget equation in terms of moist-air Enthalpy surface flux"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2015 / Marquet, P. and J.-F. Geleyn (2015) "Formulations of moist thermodynamics for atmospheric modelling" Chapter 22 in ``Parameterization of Atmospheric Convection. Volume 2 : current issues and new theories’’. R. S. Plant and J.-I. Yano, Editors, World Scientific, Imperial College Press, pp. 221-274  (DOI)  (WEB)  (arXiv)

• 2015 / Marquet, P. (2015) "On the computation of moist-air specific thermal enthalpy"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 141 (686), p.67-84 (DOI) (QJRMS)  (arXiv)

• I came back to the CNRM and joined the GMAP (physical parameterizations) team in April 2014 (till my retirement in May 2022)

• 2014 / Marquet, P. (2014) "On the definition of a moist-air potential vorticity"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 140 (680), p.917-929 (DOI) (QJRMS) (arXiv)

• 2013 / Jean-François Geleyn and Pascal Marquet (2013)  "Moist-entropic vertical adiabatic lapse rates: the standard cases and some lead towards inhomogeneous conditions"   WMO-WGNE Blue Book (Blue-Book) 

• 2013 / Marquet, P. and Geleyn, J.-F. (2013) "On a general definition of the squared Brunt–Väisälä frequency associated with the specific moist entropy potential temperature" Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139 (670), p.85-100 (DOI) (QJRMS) (arXiv)

• 2011 / Marquet P. (June 2011) "Computations of the moist entropy for stratocumulus and cumulus from observations and simulations" CFMIP-GCSS-EUCLIPSE meeting. Exeter. UK.

• 2011 / Marquet, P. (2011) "Definition of a moist entropy potential temperature: application to FIRE-I data flights" Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137 (656), p.768-791 (DOI) (QJRMS) (arXiv)

• 2010 / Geleyn J.-F., Marquet P. (Nov. 2010) "Moist thermodynamics and moist turbulence for modelling at the nonhydrostatic scales"  ECMWF Workshop on Non-hydrostatic modelling. Reading, U.K.

• 2010 / Marquet P. "On the use of a moist (entropic) potential temperature for describing the Marine Stratocumulus and the moist-air turbulence" (11th of June, 2010) Lecture made at CNRM/Toulouse, France  (DOI: More/Dowload)  (RG: More/Dowload)

• I stop in 2008 my research work in the CNRM/GMGEC/EAC team to join the Operational Laboratory of Forecasting (between 2008 and 2014) 

2) My  Papers / Notes - Translated papers / Meeting-Documents  about the  General-Physics:

• 2025a / Marquet, P. An English translation of the paper "Presentation of some observations that could be made to shed light on Meteorology" by Johann Heinrich Lambert (1771).  (See here on Zenodo)  (See here on arXiv).  I have removed this paper in September 2025 from the revue "La Météorologie" after the referees reports... It seems that I did not write this paper in a sufficiently "history of science" spirit, with too many bibliographical or historical gaps, with too many inserts, that it was not written in "old French" (but in the language of the 18th century), ... in short, why have the reviewers not already written an article on this same subject themselves? Please, do it yourself ! 

• 2024h / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1943 German synthetic paper by Max Planck in Die Naturwissenschaften, Vol. 31, Number 14: "The history of the discovery of the physical quantum of action (Zur Geschichte der Auffindung des physikalischen Wirkungsquantums)" in Die Naturwissenschaften, Vol.31 (14) p.153-159.  (See here on Zenodo)  (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024g / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1916  German paper by Max Planck : "On the absolute entropy of monatomic bodies (Über die absolute Entropie einatomiger Körper)" in the Sitzb. Kön. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Vol.31 p.653-667.  (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024f / Marquet, P. An English translation of the three 1915 (a,b,c) German papers by Max Planck about: "(a,c) The quantum hypothesis for molecules with multiple degrees of freedom (Die Quantenhypothese für Molekeln mit mehreren Freiheitsgraden)" and "(b) Remarks on the entropy constant of diatomic gases (Bemerkung über die Entropiekonstante zweiatomiger Gase)" in the Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, Vol.17 (22) p.407-418, Vol.17 (22) p.418-419, and Vol.17 (24) p.438-451.  (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024e / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1912  German paper by Max Planck : "On recent thermodynamic theories.  (Nernst heat theorem and quantum hypothesis) / Über neuere thermodynamische Theorien (Nernstsches Wärmetheorem und Quanten-Hypothese)" in the Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, Vol.45 p.5-23. (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024d / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1911 French and German similar papers by Max Planck : "Energy and temperature" published first in French ("Energie et température", J. Phys. Theor. Appl., 1 (1), p.345-359) and then in German ("Energie und Temperatur", Phys. Z., 12 (16), p.681-687). (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024c / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1887 German memoir by Max Planck about: "The principle of the conservation of energy (Das Princip der Erhaltung der Energie)"  Published by B. G. Teubner, Leipzig, 247 Pp. (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024b / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1880 German Habilitation report by Max Planck (1880) at the University of Munich: "On the equilibrium states of isotropic bodies at different temperatures (Über Gleichgewichtszustände isotroper Koörper in verschiedenen Temperaturen)"  Published by Theodor Ackermann, Müchen, 63 Pp. (See here on Zenodo) (See here on arXiv) 

• 2024a / Marquet, P. An English translation of the 1879 German PhD Thesis report by Max Planck (1879) at the University of Munich: "About the second law of mechanical heat theory (Über den zweiten Hauptsatz der mechanischen Wärmetheorie)"  Published by the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 61 Pp.  (See here on Zenodo)  (See here on arXiv) 

• 2023 August / Marquet, P. A typo in the 1921 Nobel Prize lecture of Nernst  ("Studies in chemical thermodynamics" See here on Nobel site)  with the typo fixed inline in September 2023 (see Eq.4 p.361 and the asterisk p.362: * In the original print the minus sign in the formula is missing).  DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.25293.41442  (See here on ResearchGate)

     --  --  -- --  Retirement in April 2022 from the CNRM / Météo-France Toulouse -- -- -- --

3) My  Papers / (WGNE) Notes / Meeting-Documents  about the  dry-air and moist-air exergy: 

     --  --  -- --  Retirement in April 2022 from the CNRM / Météo-France Toulouse -- -- -- --

• 2020 / Marquet, P., Jean-François Mahfouf, Daniel Holdaway (Feb. 2020)  "Definition of the moist-air exergy norm : a comparison with existing "moist energy norms"  Mon. Wea. Rev., 148 (3), p.907-928 (DOI) (MWR) (arXiv) / (on Moist-air Exergy norm + F.S.O.I) 

• 2019 / Borderies, M., Caumont, O., Delanoë, J., Ducrocq, V., Fourrié, N., and Marquet, P. (Avril 2019) "Impact of airborne cloud radar reflectivity data assimilation on kilometre-scale NWP analyses and forecasts of heavy precipitation events"  Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 907-926, 2019  (NHESS)  / (on Moist-air Exergy norm + assimilation) 

• 2016 / Marquet, P. (28th June, 2016) "Etude de l’énergétique de l’air humide et des paramétrisations de l’atmosphère : propriété de l’exergie, de l’enthalpie utilisable, de l’entropie et de l’enthalpie" Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (H.D.R.) de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (I.N.P.T.) / Habilitation Thesis "A study of the moist-air energetics and the parameterizations of the atmosphere. Properties of exergy, available enthalpy, entropy and enthalpy" (see HAL)

• 2015 / Marquet P.  and Jean-François Mahfouf (2015)  "A moist “available enthalpy” norm: definition and comparison with existing “energy” norms"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• I stop in 2008 my research work in the CNRM/GMGEC/EAC team to join the Operational Laboratory of Forecasting (between 2008 and 2014), before to come back to the CNRM and joined the GMAP (physical parameterizations) team in April 2014 (till my retirement in May 2022)

• It was in May 2005 (during the Pan GEWEX-GCSS-GPCI Workshop, Athens, Greece) that I discovered the "moist-air exergy norm"

• 2005 / Marquet P. (April 2005) "Diagnostic of change in energetics for a 2xCO2"  EGU-EGS. Nice, France.

• 2003b / Marquet, P. (2003)  "The available-enthalpy cycle. II : Applications to idealized baroclinic waves"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129 (593), p.2467-2494. (DOI) (QJRMS) (arXiv)

• 2003a / Marquet, P. (2003)  "The available-enthalpy cycle. I : Introduction and basic equations"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129 (593), p.2445-2466. (DOI)  (QJRMS)  (arXiv) 

• 1998 / Marquet P. (April 1998) "Application of Exergy theory to local atmospheric energetics"  EGU-EGS. Nice, France.

• 1998 / Marquet P. (April 1998) "Application of exergy theory to local atmospheric energetics : diagnostic for a FASTEX event"  FASTEX Workshop. Toulouse, France.

• 1996 / Marquet, P. (June 1996) "L’énergie utilisable de l’atmosphère : histoire et développements récents (The available energy of the atmosphere: history and recent developments)" / Invited paper for the Prud'homme Prize 1995 award. La Météorologie. Vol. 8, n°14. p.11-26 (DOI) (La Météorologie) (See on RG: Share/Download)

• 1996 / Marquet P. (May 1996) "Application of Exergy theory to local atmospheric energetics: the available enthalpy cycle"  EGU-EGS. Den Haag, Nederland.

• I joined the CNRM/GMGEC/EAC team (Arpege Climate) in April 1995.

• 1995 / Marquet, P. (1995) "On the concept of pseudo-energy of T. G. Shepherd"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 121 (522), p.455-459. (DOI)  (QJRMS)  (arXiv) 

• 1994 / Marquet, P. (10th of June, 1994), Thèse de doctorat de l’Université Paul Sabatier (U.P.S.) "Applications du concept d’exergie à l’énergétique de l’atmosphère. Les notions d’enthalpie utilisables sèche et humide" / PhD-Thesis "Applications of the concept of exergy to atmospheric energetics: the dry and moist available enthalpies" (See: HAL)

• 1993 / Marquet, P. (1993) "Exergy in meteorology : Definition and properties of moist available enthalpy. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119 (511), p.567-590. (DOI)  (QJRMS)  (arXiv) 

• 1991 / Marquet, P. (1991) "On the concept of exergy and available enthalpy : Application to atmospheric energetics. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117 (499), p.449-475. (DOI)  (QJRMS) (arXiv)   

• 1990b / Marquet, P. (Oct. 1990) "L'exergie de l'atmosphère. Définition et propriétés de l'enthalpie utilisable humide (The Exergy of the Atmosphere. Definition and properties of the moist available enthalpy)" 15~Pp. Ateliers de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère, Toulouse, France (See here on Zenodo)

• 1990a / Marquet, P. (Jan-Mar, 1990) "La notion d’enthalpie utilisable : application à l’énergétique atmosphérique (The concept of available enthalpy : applications to the atmospheric energetics)"  Comtes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris (Proceedings of the French Academy of Sciences of Paris), vol. 310, serie II, p.1387-1392 (See here on Gallica)

• I was first a forecaster (at Rennes) between 1983 and 1986; before to com back at the ENM school (IM-course + FCPLR) between 1986-1990; then to join the Operational (NWP Arpege model and Control) teams between 1990-1995.

4) My  Papers / (WGNE) Notes / Meeting-Documents  about the  Physical Parameterizations for NWP and climate modeling: 

     --  --  -- --  Retirement in April 2022 from the CNRM / Météo-France Toulouse -- -- -- --

• 2021c / Marquet, P.  and Radmila Brožková. "Les travaux sur la turbulence : les origines, Toucans, Cost-ES0905 et influence de l'entropie" (Work on turbulence: origins, toucans, Cost-ES0905 and influence of entropy). La Météorologie, Vol-112, p.79-86  (see the PDF) DOI: 10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0023

• 2021b / Daniel Rousseau, Michel Jarraud et Pascal Marquet. "Les débuts de Jean-François Geleyn : Mayence, Paris et son expérience au CEPMMT" (Jean-François Geleyn's beginnings: Mainz, Paris and his experience at the ECMWF). La Météorologie, Vol-112, p.23-28  (see the PDF) DOI: 10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0015

• 2021a / Marquet, P. et Radmila Brožková. "Jean-François Geleyn et la prévision numérique du temps" (Jean-François Geleyn and the Numerical Weather Prediction). La Météorologie, Vol-112, p.19-20  (see the PDF) DOI: 10.37053/lameteorologie-2021-0013 

• 2020 / Marquet P., P. Bechtold (July, 2020) A new Estimated Inversion Strength (EIS) based on the moist-air entropy. WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2020 / Roehrig, R., ..., Marquet, P., ..., et al. (July 2020). The CNRM global atmosphere model ARPEGE‐Climat 6.3 : Description and evaluation. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12 (7), e2020MS002075 (DOI) (JAMES)

• 2019 / Marquet P. "A new way to compute the energy budget in GCMs and NWP models with the use of the enthalpy flux: the EBEX-2000 campaign". WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet, P. "Computation of the exchange coefficients and the turbulent Lewis numbers for 8 LES of HIGH-Tune".  HIGH-Tune meeting (15th of June, 2018), Toulouse, France  (Meeting Page)  (PDF)

• 2018 / Marquet P., G. Canut, W. Maurel (2018) An evaluation of the Energy budget computed with observed Enthalpy surface fluxes. WGNE Blue-Book (PDF)

• 2017 / Marquet P. and Sophie Belamari (2017)  "On new bulk formulas based on moist-air entropy"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2016 / Marquet, P. "Etude de l’énergétique de l’air humide et des paramétrisations de l’atmosphère : propriété de l’exergie, de l’enthalpie utilisable, de l’entropie et de l’enthalpie" Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (H.D.R.) de l'Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (I.N.P.T.) (28th June, 2016) / Habilitation Thesis "A study of the moist-air energetics and the parameterizations of the atmosphere. Properties of exergy, available enthalpy, entropy and enthalpy" (see HAL)

• 2016 / L. Auger,  ...,  Marquet P., ..., et al.  (2016)  "The 2015 upgrades of the Météo-France NWP system"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2016 / Marquet P. (2016)  "The mixed-phase version of moist-air entropy"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• 2015 / J.-I. Yano, J.-F. Geleyn, ...,  P. Marquet, ...., et al. (2015). Basic Concepts for Convection Parameterization in Weather Forecast and Climate Models : COST Action ES0905 Final Report. Atmosphere. Vol. 6. Issue 1. p.88-147 (DOI) (Atmosphere) 

• 2015 / Marquet P. (2015)  "Definition of Total Energy budget equation in terms of moist-air Enthalpy surface flux"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book  (Blue-Book)

• I came back to the CNRM and joined the GMAP (physical parameterizations) team in April 2014 (till my retirement in May 2022)

• 2013 / Jean-François Geleyn and Pascal Marquet (2013)  "Moist-entropic vertical adiabatic lapse rates: the standard cases and some lead towards inhomogeneous conditions"   WMO-WGNE Blue Book (Blue-Book) 

• 2013 / Marquet, P. and Geleyn, J.-F. (2013) "On a general definition of the squared Brunt–Väisälä frequency associated with the specific moist entropy potential temperature" Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 139 (670), p.85-100 (DOI) (QJRMS) (arXiv)

• 2011 / E. Bazile, P. Marquet, Y. Bouteloup, F. Bouyssel  "The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) scheme in the NWP models at Meteo France"  ECMWF Workshop on Diurnal cycles and the stable boundary layer, 7-10 November 2011 (ECMWF)

• 2011 / J. Teixeira, ... , P. Marquet, ... et al. (2011) "Tropical and sub-tropical cloud transitions in weather and climate prediction models : the GCSS/WGNE Pacific Crosssection Intercomparison (GPCI)" Journal of Climate. Vol. 24. Issue 20. p.5223-5256 (DOI) (J. Climate)

• 2010 / Hourdin, F., ..., P. Marquet, ..., et al. (2010) "AMMA-Model Intercomparison Project" Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. Volume 91, Issue 1. p.95-104 (DOI) (BAMS)

• 2009 / Yves Bouteloup, Eric Bazile, François Bouyssel and Pascal Marquet "Improvement of the subgrid vertical mixing parameterization in operational hydrostatic models at Météo-France" WMO-WGNE Blue Book (See Blue-Book)

• I stop in 2008 my research work in the CNRM/GMGEC/EAC team to join the Operational Laboratory of Forecasting (between 2008 and 2014) 

• 2008 / Marquet P. (2008) "Documentation of the Lopez (2002) prognostic bulk-scheme used in ARPEGE-GCM V5.0 (2008) for determing condensed and precipitating species"  (DOI/RG)  (See on RG: More/Dowload)

• 2008 / Marquet P. (2008) "Documentation of the TKE-CBR turbulent prognostic scheme used in ARPEGE-GCM V5.0 (2008)"  (DOI/RG) (See on RG: More/Dowload)

• 2007 / Marquet P. (Mars 2007) "Impact studies and validations of Clouds as simulated by the ARPEGE-Climate physics with the use od 3D-GCM, 1D-SCM and 2D-transects"  Joint NetFam + CBL07 Workshop. Toulouse.

• 2006 / Jean-Louis Dufresne, ...,  P. Marquet, .., et al. (2006) "Simulation du climat récent et futur par les modèles du CNRM et de l’IPSL" (2006) La Météorologie. n°55, p.45-59 (See RG: More/Dowload) (DOI) (La Météorologie)

• 2006 / W. D. Collins, ..., P. Marquet, ..., et al. (2006). "Radiative forcing by well-mixed greenhouse gases: Estimates from climate models in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)" J. Geophys. Res. Vol. 111, D14317 (DOI) (JGR)

• 2006 / Marquet P. (Sep. 2006)  "Impact of new ARPEGE physics on RICO case"  Joint GCSS-GPCI / BLCL-RICO Workshop. New-York, USA.

• 2006 / Marquet P. (Sep. 2006)   "On the use of the GPCI for the tuning and the validation of the new ARPEGE GCM's physics"  Joint GCSS-GPCI / BLCL-RICO Workshop. New-York, USA.

• 2006 / F. Bouyssel, Y. Bouteloup and P. Marquet  "A prognostic large scale cloud and semi-Lagrangian precipitation scheme in ARPEGE and ALADIN models"  WMO-WGNE Blue Book (2006)  (See Blue-Book)

• 2005 / F. Bouyssel, Y. Bouteloup and F. Guichard, F . Favot, F. Hourdin, I. Mussat, J.-F. Gueremy, Marquet P. and P. Ruti. (Nov. 2005) "West African monsoon and global climate". 1st International AMMA Conference (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis). Dakar,  Senegal.

• 2005 / F. Bouyssel, Y. Bouteloup and Marquet P. (Jan. 2005)  "Towards an operational implementation of Lopez's prognostic large scale cloud and precipitation scheme in ARPEGE/ALADIN NWP models"  HIRLAM/ALADIN workshop proceedings on convection and clouds, pp 56-60. Tartu, Estonia (See RG: More/Dowload)

• 2005 / David Salas y Melia, ..., Marquet, P., ..., et al. (2005) "Description and Validation of the CNRM-CM3 Global Coupled Mode" Article submitted to the Climate Dynamics + CNRM Internal note (See RG: More/Dowload)

• It was in May 2005 (during this Pan GEWEX-GCSS-GPCI Workshop, Athens, Greece) that I discovered the "moist-air exergy norm"

• 2005 / J. Teixeira, C. Jakob, P. Siebesma, Cardoso, Miranda, Soares, Neggers, Hannay, Kitagawa, A. Lock, Marquet P., Zhao. (May 2005)  "GCSS Pacic cross-section intercomparison (GPCI): diurnal cycle results"  Pan GEWEX-GCSS-GPCI Workshop. Athens, Greece.

• 2005 / Teixeira, C. Jakob, P. Siebesma, Cardoso, Miranda, Soares, Neggers, Hannay, Kitagawa, A. Lock, Marquet P., Zhao.  (May 2005)  "GCSS Pacic cross-section intercomparison (GPCI): introduction and preliminary results"  Pan GEWEX-GCSS-GPCI Workshop. Athens, Greece.

• 2005 / Marquet P. and J.-L. Redelsperger.   (May 2005)  "On the use of old EUROCS and new GEWEX/GCSS cross-section intercomparison (EPCI/GPCI) to improve the physics of ARPEGE-GCM"  Pan GEWEX-GCSS-GPCI Workshop. Athens, Greece.

• 2004b / Siebesma, A.P., ..., Marquet, P., ..., et al. (2004) "Cloud representation in general-circulation models over the northern pacific ocean"  Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 130, p.3245-3267 (DOI) (QJRMS)

• 2004a / Lenderink, G., ..., Marquet, P., ..., et al. (2004) "The diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus clouds over land : A single-column model intercomparison study" Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 130, p.3339-3364 (DOI) (QJRMS)

• 2002 / Marquet P. (Dec. 2002)  "Reports on GCM/RCM physics development and impact on cloud representation in 3D runs during EUROCS and with Arpege-Climat"   EUROCS workshop.  INM / Madrid, Spain.

• 2002 / Marquet P. and H. Grenier (Dec. 2002) "The Pacic case. Arpege-Climat Results"  EUROCS workshop. INM / Madrid, Spain.

• 2002 / H. Grenier and Marquet P. (April 2002) "The French Climat/Arpege SCM : the work done on conserved variables"  EUROCS workshop. KNMI / Utrecht, Nederland.

• 2002 / P. Bechtold, J-I. Yano, J-P. Chaboureau and Marquet P.  (March 2002) "Concepts and recent developments in PBL cloud and convection modelling: turbulence, mass flux, spectral representation (Fourier, wavelet) and scaling, subgrid-distribution of clouds"  NRL/NAVY workshop on Parameterization of PBL clouds, Monterey, USA.

• 2001 / Hu Rong Ming, S. Planton, M. Déqué, P. Marquet and A. Braun (2001) "Why is the climate forcing of sulphate aerosol so uncertain?" Advances in Atmospheric Science. Vol. 18, no6, p.1103-1120 (Adv. Atm. Sci. + PDF)

• 2000 / Marquet P. (April 2000)  "A TKE vertical diusion scheme in the ARPEGE French GCM"  EGU-EGS, Nice, France

• 1999 / Marquet P. (Dec. 1999) "Le schéma en  ect  dans ARPEGE-Climat"  Ateliers de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère (AMA). Toulouse, France.

• 1999 / Marquet P. (April 1999)  "The TKE scheme in the ARPEGE Climate Model"  EGU-EGS. Den Haag, Nederland

• 1998 /  P. Barthelet, ..., Marquet P., ..., et al. (1998) "Simulations couplées globales des changements climatiques associes a une augmentation de la teneur atmosphériques en CO2 (Global coupled simulations of climate change due to increased atmospheric CO2, concentration)" C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris. Vol. 326, série IIA: p.677-684  (See RG: More:Dowload)

• 1998 / M. Déqué, F.J. Doblas-Reyes and P. Marquet. "Impact on regional-scale time variability of a CO2 doubling" WMO-WGNE Blue Book.

• 1998 / M. Déqué, P. Marquet and R. Jones (1998) "Simulation of climate change over Europe using a global variable resolution general circulation model" Climate dynamics. Vol. 14, no3, p.173-189 (Clim. Dyn. + PDF)

• 1998 / Marquet P. (May 1998)  "Climate studies using the variable resolution version of ARPEGE-IFS GCM"  Drammen, Norway.

• 1998 / Marquet P. (April 1998) "Seasonal Forecasts with a Coupled OAGCM"  EGU-EGS. Nice, France.

• 1997 / Marquet P. (June 1997) "Using a higher vertical resolution for soil temperature in Arpege-Climat"  HIRLAM Workshop on surface parameterization and assimilation Toulouse, France.

• 1997 / Marquet P. (April 1997) "Regionalisation of CO2 doubling over the mediterranean area"  INM-WMO Symposium. Palma de Majorque, Spain.

• 1996 / Marquet P. (May 1996)  "Regionalisation of CO2 doubling over Europe with a stretched and tilted pole version of ARPEGE-IFS GCM"  EGU-EGS. Den Haag, Nederland

• I joined the ARPEGE-Climate team at the CNRM (Toulouse, France) in April 1995

• I joined the Operational (NWP Arpege model and Control) teams between 1990-1995

• I came back at the ENM school (IM-course + FCPLR) between 1986-1990. 

• 1986 / L. Mahrt, C. Bertou, P. Marquet and J-C. André. (1986) "Time-averaging the flux-profile relationship" Annales geophysicae. Series B. Terrestrial and planetary physics, Vol. 4, no4, p.411-416 (RG) (PDF) / this was my first paper as a coauthor of Jean Claude André (who was the director of my 1982-1983 research internship and the first director of the CNRM).

• I was first a forecaster (at Rennes) between 1983 and 1986.