Hubble's Law

This teaching material, "Hubble's Law", measures spectral data of galaxies with known distances to derive "Hubble's Law", and then determines the Hubble constant, which is the expansion rate of the Universe.   [2012-12-06]

• The data used are science observations obtained by the Cassegrain Spectrograph and 188cm telescope at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.

• "Hubble's Law" is now called "Hubble-Lemaitre Law."  Learn more... 

Teachers' Guide (pdf file)

Worksheet (word file)

Excel sheet for Hubble diagram

Hubble diagram (example) ( dataset #1 / dataset #1 & #2 )

Observational data (dataset #1)

NGC 673 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC2403 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC2608 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC3627 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC7678 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

Observational data (dataset #2)

5 galaxies above and 12 galaxies below

NGC 925 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC2541 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC2713 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC3031 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC3198 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4258 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4321 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4414 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4536 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4548 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC4639 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

NGC7331 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

Observational data (for advanced study)

3C273 (FITS data, spectral image, object image)

Observational data (zip archive for all of above data)

Hubble_en_alldata.zip (17 galaxies + 3C273)