"Qaum Tarnh" (Urdu:  , .mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}pronounced [qmi tan]; lit. "National Anthem"), also known as "Pk Sarzamn" ( , pronounced [pk szmin]; "Thy Sacred Land"), is the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and formerly the Dominion of Pakistan. It was written in Urdu by Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952 and the music was composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, preceding the lyrics. It was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Jalandhari himself and officially adopted on 16 August 1954 by the Interior Ministry of the Government of Pakistan.

In early 1948, A. R. Ghani, a Muslim from South Africa's Transvaal, offered two prizes of five thousand rupees each for the poet and composer of a new national anthem for the newly independent state of Pakistan. The prizes were announced through a government press advertisement published in June 1948. In December 1948, the Government of Pakistan established the National Anthem Committee (NAC) with the task of coming up with the composition and lyrics for the official national anthem of Pakistan. The NAC was initially chaired by the Information Secretary, Sheikh Muhammad Ikram, and its members included several politicians, poets and musicians, including Abdur Rab Nishtar, Ahmad G. Chagla and Hafeez Jullundhri.[citation needed] The NAC encountered early difficulties in finding suitable music and lyrics.


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When President Sukarno of Indonesia became the first foreign head of state to visit Pakistan on 30 January 1950, there was no Pakistani national anthem to be played. In 1950, the impending state visit of the Shah of Iran added urgency to the matter and resulted in the government of Pakistan asking the NAC to submit a state anthem without further delay. The NAC chairman, then Federal Minister for Education, Fazlur Rahman, asked several poets and composers to write lyrics but none of the submitted works were deemed suitable. The NAC also examined several different tunes and eventually selected the one presented by Ahmed G. Chagla and submitted it for formal approval.[3] On 21 August 1950, the Government of Pakistan adopted Chagla's tune for the national anthem.[4]

The anthem, without lyrics, was performed for the first time for a foreign head of state on the state visit of the Shah of Iran to Pakistan in Karachi on 1 March 1950 by a Pakistan Navy band.[citation needed]

It was later played for Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan during his official visit to the United States on 3 May 1950. It was played before the NAC on 10 August 1950.[5] Official recognition to the national anthem, however, was not given until August 1954.[5] The NAC distributed records of the composed tune amongst prominent poets, who responded by writing and submitting several hundred songs for evaluation by the NAC. Eventually, the lyrics written by Hafeez Jullundhri were approved and the new national anthem was broadcast publicly for the first time on Radio Pakistan on 13 August 1954, sung by Hafeez Jullundhri himself. Official approval was announced by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting on 16 August 1954. The composer, Ahmed G. Chagla, died in 1953, before the new national anthem was officially adopted. In 1955, there was a performance of the national anthem involving 11 major singers of Pakistan, including Ahmad Rushdi, Kaukab Jahan, Rasheeda Begum, Najam Ara, Naseema Shaheen, Zawar Hussain, Akhtar Abbas, Ghulam Dastagir, Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wasi Ali.[6][7][8]

The lyrics which are in classical High-Urdu is written by the Pakistani Urdu-language poet Hafeez Jalandhari in 1952. Each word in the anthem was carefully picked to make sure it was a valid Perso-Arabic word (to avoid Hindostani words) and it cohered with the tune of the anthem. Most words of the anthem have commonality with the Persian language, hence rendering them mutually intelligible in both Urdu and Persian scripts. No verse in the three stanza lyrics is repeated.[1] The lyrics have heavy Persian poetic vocabulary,[15] and only use one exclusively native word, "k".[16]

It is also normal to play the national anthem in different kinds of public and private gatherings in Pakistan as well. You might hear it before the start of and at the end of a film in a movie theater, too.

Although Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947, it remained without an official national anthem up until 1954. The Government of Pakistan established a committee to perform the task of the preparation of a national anthem in December 1948.

The task remained unfinished until the poetic excellence of Hafeez Jalandhari and the musical genius of Ahmad G. Chagla came into play and completed the daunting task of fulfilling the dream of the Pakistani national anthem.

Three poetic stanzas were penned by Hafeez Jalandari in 1952, whereas the music had already been composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949. Different well-renowned Pakistani singers participated in their own renditions of the national anthem. Among them, Ahmed Rushdi is worth mentioning specifically, as he was a popular Pakistani singer at the time.

The Pakistani national anthem is composed out of a melodious blend of Eastern and Western music. Nevertheless, the composer took great care to arrange the music in a way that the foreign bands would not face any difficulty when playing it.

A total of twenty-one musical instruments are used in tandem with thirty-eight tones to play the national anthem of Pakistan. The total duration of the Pakistani national anthem is about just under a minute and a half.

If you notice a fervor in the Pakistani people around you as a rendition of the national anthem plays, just think of it as something which gets their blood pumping. It reminds them of the struggles and the sacrifices that their forefathers expended to gain their freedom from the claws of British colonization. Below are some of the memorable days of Pakistani history that cannot be celebrated without playing and singing along to the Pakistani anthem.

  (Youm-e-Pakistan) Pakistan Day is celebrated on the 23rd of March of every year to commemorate the adoption of the very first constitution of Pakistan. It is also attributed to the celebration of the adoption of the   (qaraardaad-e-Pakistan) Pakistan Resolution. It is also customary to play the national anthem at the beginning and the end of the parade held on the day, which is considered to be a national celebration.

The Pakistani nation celebrated   (Youm-e-Difaa) Defence Day on the 6th of December. The day marks the sacrifices presented by the Pakistani soldiers while defending their border boundaries against the Indian army during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965. Once again, the national anthem is an integral part of the ceremonies conducted in different parts of the world.

November 9th is the birthday of Allamah Muhammad Iqbal, and it is commemorated quite passionately in Pakistan. The Pakistani national anthem is played at the inaugural and concluding ceremonies across the country.

The national anthem imparts a patriotic hue to the ceremonies conducted on occasion. It also provides an opportunity for Pakistanis to revive their patriotism and refresh their sense of national duty.

Almost all school and college-going students can sing the national anthem of Pakistan without reading any written script since they tend to have learned it by heart during several school activities. While not a holiday, school and college assemblies are at the top of the list because it is mandatory to sing the national anthem during these sessions, and in this way, students can memorize the anthem as a part of their routine rather than needing to study it separately.

Could it not just have been that Jinnah asked Azad to write the first national anthem for Pakistan because he knew that Azad loved the Urdu language and that was well-placed to write a beautiful piece?

The fact that Azad was Hindu or anything else would have been unimportant to Jinnah if he was a secularist.

Azad insisted that Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, asked him to write the national anthem which he did, but after Jinnah's death no one in Pakistan was willing to acknowledge that a Hindu had written the national anthem of a Muslim State! (You can read more here (external link).)

Playing the national anthem on ceremonial occasions, school and college functions, and even before the start of a film in a cinema is becoming an afterthought rather than the norm. School children are made to learn and then sing the anthem but rarely is it understood for its worth in evoking feelings of selfless service to the nation as its proud caretakers. So much so that some columnists have expressed that the people of Pakistan do not understand its wordings because there are only three words of Urdu in it. Others go to the extent of suggesting that it is time to change this anthem for another.

Young students spoke passionately on the meaning, concept and spirit of the anthem which is sung in schools and colleges across the country with perhaps little understanding of its importance of inculcating pride in a free and blossoming nation which had taken root in 1947. Mr Majeed Nizami, the chief guest at this momentous function, spoke of his participation in the Pakistan Movement as a student of Islamia College, Lahore, and explained that the national flag and anthem instilled identity and pride of a country among the comity of nations. Bano Qudsia graced the occasion and gave away the prizes to the best renderings of the anthem and reminded her young audience that Pakistan was created to share its bounties with all its peoples without discrimination. 2351a5e196

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