Smart packaging refers to packaging systems that go beyond basic containment and protection by incorporating technologies that can monitor, communicate, or respond to environmental changes. It combines both active and intelligent packaging features and may include sensors, wireless communication, or even self-powered displays. For example, smart packages can track temperature, show freshness levels, or send information to smartphones.
Intelligent packaging focuses mainly on sensing and communicating information about the product or its environment without actively changing it. Key technologies include freshness indicators, RFID tags, and time-temperature indicators that inform users if the product has been exposed to unsuitable conditions.
Active packaging directly interacts with the packaged product to extend shelf life or improve safety. Examples include oxygen scavengers, antimicrobial films, and moisture absorbers that help maintain the quality of food or medicine.