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Monaco et al aimed to evaluate the effects of OMT on mandibular kinematics in 28 children with temporo-mandibular disorders (TMDs). In this study, 14 subjects received OMT (no details provided), and 14 had no intervention. The authors reported no significant changes in maximal closing velocity (no P values, no CIs), opening velocity average (no P values, no CIs), closing velocity average (no P values, no CIs), and maximal mouth opening (P , .07, no CIs); and significant (intragroup) improvements in maximal mouth opening velocity (P , .03, no CIs) in the OMT group and concluded that OMT can induce changes in stomatognathic dynamics, supporting this clinical approach to TMD. Philippi et al16 aimed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of OMT in 32 infants with postural asymmetry (PA), 16 of whom received 4 sessions of OMT over 1 month and 16 of whom had sham therapy (light touch only). The authors reported significant reductions in PA in the OMT group compared with the sham group (P = .001 [95% CI: 2.0 to 7.3]) and concluded that OMT in the first months after birth reduces the degree of asymmetry in infants with PA. 50 received 4 sessions of OMT over 2 weeks, and 27 had no such treatment. This author reported ,50% of improvement in symptoms, as measured by the Conners Scale, in the OMT group (no statistical tests were reported) and concluded that OMT can have a positive effect on the treatment of children with ADHD. Cerritelli et al tested the effects of OMT on the length of hospital stay (LOS) and daily weight gain (DWG) in 101 premature infants. In this study, 47 infants received OMT + UC (no details provided), and 54 received UC only. The authors reported significant improvements in LOS (P = .03, no CIs) and DWG (P = .03, no CIs) in the OMT group compared with controls and concluded that OMT plays an important role in the management of hospitalized preterm infants. Hayden and Mullinger aimed to investigate the effect of cranial OMT on the pattern of increased crying, irritability, and disturbed sleep associated with infantile colic (IC). Of the 28 infants in this study, 14 received 4 sessions of cranial OMT over 4 weeks, and 14 received no treatment. These authors reported significant improvements in crying (MD = 1.0 [95% CI: 0.14 to 2.19], P , .02) and time spent sleeping (MD = 1.17 [95% CI: 0.29 to 2.27], P , .05) in the treatment group and concluded that cranial OMT can benefit infants with colic.

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