It is a database commonly used for running online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW) and mixed (OLTP & DW) database workloads. Oracle Database is available by several service providers on-prem, on-cloud, or as a hybrid cloud installation. It may be run on third party servers as well as on Oracle hardware (Exadata on-prem, on Oracle Cloud or at Cloud at Customer).[5]
Larry Ellison and his two friends and former co-workers, Bob Miner and Ed Oates, started a consultancy called Software Development Laboratories (SDL) in 1977. SDL developed the original version of the Oracle software. The name Oracle comes from the code-name of a CIA-funded project Ellison had worked on while formerly employed by Ampex.[7]
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Oracle products follow a custom release-numbering and -naming convention. The "c" in the current release, Oracle Database 23c, stands for "Cloud". Previous releases (e.g. Oracle Database 10g and Oracle9i Database) have used suffixes of "g" and "i" which stand for "Grid" and "Internet" respectively. Prior to the release of Oracle8i Database, no suffixes featured in Oracle Database naming conventions. There was no v1 of Oracle Database, as co-founder Larry Ellison "knew no one would want to buy version 1".[8] For each database release, Oracle also provides an Express Edition (XE) that is free to use.[9]
Prior to Oracle Database 18c, Oracle Corporation released Critical Patch Updates (CPUs) and Security Patch Updates (SPUs)[33] and Security Alerts to close security vulnerabilities. These releases are issued quarterly; some of these releases have updates issued prior to the next quarterly release.
Starting with Oracle Database 18c, Oracle Corporation releases Release Updates (RUs) and Release Update Revisions (RURs).[34] RUs usually contain security, regression (bug), optimizer, and functional fixes which may include feature extensions as well. RURs include all fixes from their corresponding RU but only add new security and regression fixes. However, no new optimizer or functional fixes are included.
In the market for relational databases, Oracle Database competes against commercial products such as IBM Db2 and Microsoft SQL Server. Oracle and IBM tend to battle for the mid-range database market on Unix and Linux platforms, while Microsoft dominates the mid-range database market on Microsoft Windows platforms. However, since they share many of the same customers, Oracle and IBM tend to support each other's products in many middleware and application categories (for example: WebSphere, PeopleSoft, and Siebel Systems CRM), and IBM's hardware divisions work closely[citation needed] with Oracle on performance-optimizing server-technologies (for example, Linux on IBM Z). Niche commercial competitors include Teradata (in data warehousing and business intelligence), Software AG's ADABAS, Sybase, and IBM's Informix, among many others.
Increasingly, the Oracle database products compete against open-source software relational and non-relational database systems such as PostgreSQL, MongoDB, Couchbase, Neo4j, ArangoDB and others. Oracle acquired Innobase, supplier of the InnoDB codebase to MySQL, in part to compete better against open source alternatives, and acquired Sun Microsystems, owner of MySQL, in 2010. Database products licensed as open-source are, by the legal terms of the Open Source Definition, free to distribute and free of royalty or other licensing fees.
Assess, detect, and prevent data security threats with Oracle database security solutions for encryption, key management, data masking, privileged user access controls, activity monitoring, and auditing. Reduce the risk of a data breach and simplify and accelerate compliance.
Make development and deployment of enterprise applications simpler with the most comprehensive database platform with both application and data services. Build SaaS apps with CI/CD, multitenant database, Kubernetes, cloud native, and low-code technologies.
Enable globally distributed, linearly scalable, multimodel databases, which meet data sovereignty requirements and offer low latency and high availability. Automatically place data on the desired shard, eliminating manual data preparation. Developers can treat a sharded database as a single logical database, simplifying application development.
Database applications achieve high performance, scale, and availability in Azure by using Oracle Database services that are deeply integrated with Azure and running on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure colocated in Azure data centers.
Running Oracle Database on Exadata, the fastest platform for Oracle Database, enables customers to increase transaction rates, accelerate business analytic, and simplify IT management. Exadata is available in customer data centers and in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure, enabling customers to achieve the highest levels of performance for customer-managed and Oracle Autonomous Database.
Oracle Database can be deployed on premises when customers have data residency and network latency concerns. Cloud@Customer deployments allow the latest Oracle Cloud technology, including Exadata and Autonomous Database, to be hosted inside the customer data center.
Oracle Base Database Service allows organizations to create and manage full-featured Oracle Database instances in Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI). IT teams provision databases on virtual machines with block storage volumes providing cost-efficient cloud database services with a choice of Oracle Database editions.
Oracle Database@Azure lets organizations run workloads where they choose, modernize and innovate with Oracle and Azure services, and simplify cloud purchasing and management. Customers can combine Azure services of their choosing with Oracle Autonomous Database and Oracle Exadata Database Service, OCI services that are deeply integrated with and colocated in Azure data centers.
MySQL HeatWave is the only service that enables database admins and app developers to run OLTP and OLAP workloads directly from their MySQL database. This eliminates the need for complex, time-consuming, and expensive data movement and integration with a separate analytics database.
Oracle Database 23ai represents the next long-term support release of Oracle Database, with a significant focus on AI, developer productivity, and mission-critical reliability. Explore technical details of key features, such as AI Vector Search, JSON Relational Duality, Property Graph, Globally Distributed Database, and True Cache.
Explore the perfect database solution for your upcoming project! Experience Oracle Database for free, available in both cloud and on-premises options. Click the links below to choose your ideal version.
Use these downloads for developing, prototyping, and testing in a non-production environment. If you have a commercial license for Oracle Database, you can download all supported versions from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud.
Every organization has information that it must store and manage to meet its requirements. For example, a corporation must collect and maintain human resources records for its employees. This information must be available to those who need it.
An information system is a formal system for storing and processing information. An information system could be a set of cardboard boxes containing manila folders along with rules for how to store and retrieve the folders. However, most companies today use a database to automate their information systems. A database is an organized collection of information treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to collect, store, and retrieve related information for use by database applications.
The preceding database management systems stored data in rigid, predetermined relationships. Because no data definition language existed, changing the structure of the data was difficult. Also, these systems lacked a simple query language, which hindered application development.
In his seminal 1970 paper "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks," E. F. Codd defined a relational model based on mathematical set theory. Today, the most widely accepted database model is the relational model.
A table is a two-dimensional representation of a relation in the form of rows (tuples) and columns (attributes). Each row in a table has the same set of columns. A relational database is a database that stores data in relations (tables). For example, a relational database could store information about company employees in an employee table, a department table, and a salary table.
In this case, the RDBMS determines how things should be done and carries out the operation. For example, after an application queries a table, the database may use an index to find the requested rows, read the data into memory, and perform many other steps before returning a result to the user. The RDBMS stores and retrieves data so that physical operations are transparent to database applications.
Oracle Database is an RDBMS. An RDBMS that implements object-oriented features such as user-defined types, inheritance, and polymorphism is called an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS). Oracle Database has extended the relational model to an object-relational model, making it possible to store complex business models in a relational database.
In 1977, Larry Ellison, Bob Miner, and Ed Oates started the consultancy Software Development Laboratories, which became Relational Software, Inc. (RSI). In 1983, RSI became Oracle Systems Corporation and then later Oracle Corporation.
Oracle Version 3, released in 1983, was the first relational database to run on mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers. The database was written in C, enabling the database to be ported to multiple platforms.
Version 4 introduced multiversion read consistency. Version 5, released in 1985, supported client/server computing and distributed database systems. Version 6 brought enhancements to disk I/O, row locking, scalability, and backup and recovery. Also, Version 6 introduced the first version of the PL/SQL language, a proprietary procedural extension to SQL. 152ee80cbc
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