Articles

1. Frank JW, Lovejoy TI, Becker WC, et al. Patient Outcomes in Dose Reduction or Discontinuation of Long-Term Opioid Therapy: A Systematic Review. Ann Intern Med 2017; 167: 181-191. Available online at: http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2643842/patient-outcomes-dose-reduction-discontinuation-long-term-opioid-therapy-systematic

2. Krebs EE, Gravely A, Nugent S, et al. Effect of Opioid vs Nonopioid Medications on Pain-Related Function in Patients with Chronic Back Pain or Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis Pain. The SPACE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2018; 319(9): 872-882. Available online at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2673971

3. Murphy L, Babaei-Rad R, Buna D, et al. Guidance on Opioid Tapering in the Context of Chronic Pain: Evidence, Practical Advice, and Frequently Asked Questions. CPJ/RPC 2018; 151(2): 114-120. Available online at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5843113/

4. Tick H, Nielsen A, Pelletier KR, Bonakdar R, Simmons S, et al. Evidence-Based Nonpharmacologic Strategies for Comprehensive Pain Care: The Consortium Pain Task Force White Paper. Explore 2018; 14: 177-211. Available online at: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1550830718300223?token=00364171FBDB1D9CBD6738A2ED1DF0398C2FAF39DF383E56B0B0555A834746DB052ECF3F31CF22CBA44947446810E951

Electronic Dose Calculator

Practical Pain Management Opioid Calculator. Available online at: https://opioidcalculator.practicalpainmanagement.com/disclaimer.php

Electronic PDFs

American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) Resources

• • Tapering Resource. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Available online at: https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/pain_management/tapering-resource.pdf

  • Opioid Conversion Table. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). Available online at: https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/pain_management/conversion-table.pdf

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Resources:

• • CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain - United States, 2016. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/rr/pdfs/rr6501e1.pdf

  • Pocket Guide: Tapering Opioids for Chronic Pain. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/clinical_pocket_guide_tapering-a.pdf

  • Calculating Total Daily Dose of Opioids for Safer Dosage. Available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/calculating_total_daily_dose-a.pdf

Equianalgesic Dosing of Opioids for Pain Management. Pharmacist's Letter/Prescriber's Letter (August 2012 update). Available online at: https://www.nhms.org/sites/default/files/Pdfs/Opioid-Comparison-Chart-Prescriber-Letter-2012.pdf

Opioid Tapering Information for Patients. National Pain Centre McMaster University. Available online at: http://nationalpaincentre.mcmaster.ca/documents/Opioid%20Tapering%20Patient%20Information%20(english).pdf

Opioid Tapering: Safely Discontinuing Opioid Analgesics. Lee A. Kral, PharmD, BCPS. Available online at: https://www.nhms.org/sites/default/files/Pdfs/Safely_Tapering_Opioids.pdf

Opioid Tapering Template. RxFiles Academic Detailing. Available online at: http://www.rxfiles.ca/rxfiles/uploads/documents/Opioid-Taper-Template.pdf

Webpages

PainEDU: https://www.painedu.org/

The College of Family Physicians of Canada

• • Chronic Non-Cancer Pain Management and Opioid Resources: https://www.cfpc.ca/chronic-non-cancer-pain-management-opioid-resources/

National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health

• • Chronic Pain: In Depth: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/pain/chronic.htm

  • Complementary Health Approaches for Chronic Pain: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/chronic-pain