An operating system initializes the hardware components during start-up and shutdown of a system.

It includes two various power options:

a. Sleep Mode – saves any running programs to RAM and turns off all unnecessary functions.

b. Hibernate Mode – saves open documents and running apps to an internal drive before removing power from the computer or device. 

A user interface (UI) controls how a user enters data and instructions, and how information is displayed on a screen.

It provides a graphical interface which a user can interact with menus and visual images. 

An operating system manages the execution of programs. 

An operating system handles a program by:

a. Single Tasking and Multitasking

b. Foreground and Background

c. Single User and Multiuser 

An operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed.

An operating system facilitates the recognition and integration of hardware devices. It has a driver which is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device. 

An operating system provides a performance monitor which assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices. 

An operating system provides a means to establish internet connections 

An operating system provides users with variety of tools related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs. 

An operating system includes an automatic update feature that regularly provides new features or corrections to programs.  

The operating system manages network resources, allowing sharing files, printers, and internet connections. A network administrator uses the server operating system to:

a. Add and remove users, computers, and other devices.

b. Configure the network, install software and administer security. 

The Operating system implements security measures like user authentication, encryption, and firewall protection to secure the system from unauthorized access and malware. 

DESKTOP OS

SERVER OS

MOBILE OS