ERIKSON'S PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT
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OVERVIEW OF THE 8 STAGES
- Psychosocial (‘psycho’ relating to the mind, brain, personality, etc. and ‘social’ which means the external relationships and environment). Biopsychosocial, in which “bio” refers to life as in biological.
- If a stage is managed well, we carry away a certain virtue or psychosocial strength which will help us through the rest of the stages of our lives.
Syntonic – for the first listed “positive” disposition in each crisis.
Dystonic – for the second listed “negative” disposition.
Malignancy – it involves too little of the positive and too much of the negative aspects of the tasks, such as a person who cannot trust others.
Maladaptation – is not quite as bad and involves too much of the positive and too little of the negative such as a person who trusts too much.
STAGES CHILDHOOD
1st year of life
2nd year
3rd through 5th years
6th year to puberty
Adolescence
Early adulthood
Middle age
Aging years
CRISIS
Trust vs. Mistrust
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
Initiative vs. Guilt
Industry vs. Inferiority
Identity vs. Role Confusion
Intimacy vs. Isolation
Generativity vs. stagnation
Ego Integrity vs. Despair
FAVORABLE OUTCOME
Faith in the environment and future events.
A sense of self-control and adequacy.
Ability to be a “self-starter,” to initiate one’s own activities.
Ability to learn how things work, to understand and organize.
Seeing oneself as a unique and integrated person.
Ability to make commitments to others, to love.
Concern for family and society in general.
A sense of integrity and fulfillment; willingness to face death.
UNFAVORABLE OUTCOME
Suspicion, fear of future events
Feelings of shame and self-doubt.
A sense of guilt and inadequacy to be on one’s own.
A sense of inferiority at understanding and organizing
Confusion over who and what one really is.
Inability to form affectionate relationship
Concern only for self- one’s own well-being and prosperity.
Dissatisfaction with life; despair over prospect of death.
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