Thanks to electricity and the invention of the motorised siren, this type of siren was widely adopted before and during the Second World War. The undulating, howling sound of the siren was highly characteristic, which made it an efficient warning signal ahead of air raids. It also became synonymous with the terror of falling bombs -- death dealt from the skies. An entire generation was scarred forever by the sound of the motorised siren.
During the Cold War, sirens were no longer used to warn of air raids. Instead, they became alarm systems for possible nuclear attacks. In Germany, the term 'alert' replaced the previous 'air raid warning'. A shortened, one-minute siren alarm was devised to alert citizens of a possible attack.
Nuclear Siren Sound Effect Download
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In post-WWII England, alarm sirens were assigned a new meaning: alerting people to the threat of a nuclear attack. They were also used to warn people of floods and freak weather, as well as escaped prisoners or highly dangerous mental-health patients.
Mechanical alarm sirens create a howling noise by rotating a shovel-studded drum within a container that sports openings. The higher the number of the rotor's revolutions, the higher the pitch of the howling. The result is an undulating siren alarm sound. The siren can be operated electrically or manually. These mechanical alarm sirens are widely used all over the world. In the United States, very big and loud mechanical alarm sirens equipped with V8 cylinder motors were used during the Cold War.
In Germany, the mechanical siren is called unit siren E57 (although East Germany and countries of the former Soviet Union used their own type of similar construction during the time of the German Democratic Republic). This alarm siren creates a howling alarm sound that can allegedly be heard across very long distances (it reaches a sound level of 105 dB). In rural areas, the sound of the siren is said to reach 70dB even at a distance of 700m. In cities and industrial areas, these levels can obviously not be reached. One can imagine that the American alarm siren outfitted with a V8 motor was probably quite a bit louder than that.
Mechanical alarm sirens are often mounted on rooftops, high rise buildings and pylons. As these sirens are exposed to the elements and, in some cases, animals (particularly birds), they have to be tested several times a year. The sirens in Switzerland, for example, get tested annually on the first Wednesday in February -- which results in an impressive, country-wide howling concert.
This sound effect can be found on the Universal Studios Sound Effects Library, which was made by Sound Ideas. An audio snippet of it can be found on FAIR, AMUSEMENT - GENERAL AMBIENCE: RIDES, VOICES, CAROUSEL MUSIC, CROWD, PARK from the Series 7000 Ambience II Sound Effects Library.
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This category is full of different free siren and alarm sound effects that you can download and use in your projects. From ear piercing car alarms through to burglar and intruder alarms, air raid sirens from WW2 and more. We also have smoke detectors, fire alarm sound effects and other tones that are perfect for creating that sense of emergency. The sfx on offer also range from digital beeping alarms through to bells etc.
This is another tornado siren that was recorded and then moded by SoundBible.com its your typical early warning alert system for tornados sounds like air raid siren. The preview above is just 40 seconds but the zip file is 15 minutes long, and the wav file is 5 minutes (50 MB) .Download the mp3 push play turn up the speakers and walk out of the room and see what happens :)
Peter G. Crane, Atty., Nuclear Regulatory Comn., Washington, D. C., with whom Stephen F. Eilperin, Sol., Nuclear Regulatory Comn., and Peter R. Steenland, Jr. and Jacques B. Gelin, Attys., Dept. of Justice, Washington, D. C., were on the brief, for respondents.
Opinion for the court on the National Environmental Policy Act issue, concurred in by Senior Circuit Judge McGOWAN, filed by Circuit Judge J. SKELLY WRIGHT. Circuit Judge WILKEY dissents in Parts I and III of his opinion.
Senior Circuit Judge McGOWAN concurs in Part II of Circuit Judge WILKEY's opinion, thereby making that Part the opinion of the court on the Atomic Energy Act issue. Circuit Judge J. SKELLY WRIGHT dissents on the Atomic Energy Act issue and files an opinion.
When new information comes to light the agency must consider it, evaluate it, and make a reasoned determination whether it is of such significance as to require implementation of formal NEPA filing procedures. Reasonableness depends on such factors as the environmental significance of the new information, the probable accuracy of the information, the degree of care with which the agency considered the information and evaluated its impact, and the degree to which the agency supported its decision not to supplement with a statement of explanation or additional data.
(W)hile there is, in cases of NEPA noncompliance, a "presumption" in favor of injunctive relief, such relief does not follow automatically from every finding of a violation of NEPA.... What is called for, in each case, is a "particularized analysis" of the violations that have occurred, of the possibilities for relief, and of any countervailing considerations of public interest.58
For example, in the Shearon Harris operating license proceeding, three petitions to intervene were filed on February 17, 1982; all three seeking to raise psychological distress issues. Carolina Power & Light Co. (Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1 and 2), NRC Docket Nos. 50-400, 50-401. In particular, a group known as the Environmental Law Project of the University of North Carolina sought to intervene, claiming that operation of the plant would undermine its members' "psychological well-being"; that its members "must study long and hard to prepare for their classes"; and that "the psychological stress of an operating plant in such close proximity will detract from their studies." Daniel F. Read also sought to intervene, stating that he would like to contest "the psychological stress factor." Similarly, a group called Chapel Hill Anti-Nuclear Effort claims that the plant would "undermine the psychological well-being of petitioner's members."
On April 9, 1982, the Indian Point Licensing Board issued a Memorandum and Order admitting the contention into the proceeding. (See Exhibit E, at 14). In a footnote, the Licensing Board made the following reference to this case:
It might well be an absurd result to hold that the Commission is required to take into account, as within Section 103(d), the fears that normally arise in a community when a nuclear reactor is proposed. That type of interpretation could conceivably prohibit nuclear reactors virtually anywhere, which is clearly not the intent of Congress.85
In the wake of the most publicized nuclear accident of our time, the people of the Three Mile Island area-and the people of the nation as a whole-are entitled to the protections Congress provided in the National Environmental Policy Act. The government must not proceed to make decisions that might have a momentous effect on the psychological health and community well-being of its citizens without first giving careful, responsible consideration to the consequences its actions might have. By enacting NEPA Congress meant to assure that no federal decision-especially one of this importance-would be made in the shadow of environmental ignorance.89
The interpretation put on the statute by the agency charged with administering it is entitled to deference, * * * but the courts are the final authorities on issues of statutory construction. They must reject administrative constructions of the statute, whether reached by adjudication or by rulemaking, that are inconsistent with the statutory mandate or that frustrate the policy that Congress sought to implement. * * *
Today this court also holds that the Atomic Energy Act does not require the Commission to consider potential harms to psychological health. See Part II of Judge Wilkey's opinion. Judge Wright dissents from the Atomic Energy Act holding. See Judge Wright's dissenting opinion, infra
The Licensing Board, after extensive hearings, issued a first partial initial decision on August 27, 1981, dealing with management issues, and a second partial initial decision on December 14, 1981, discussing plant design and procedures, separation issues, and emergency planning issues. The Board concluded that TMI-1 could be operated in the short term without endangering the health and safety of the public and that the licensee had made reasonable progress with respect to various long-term actions which provided reasonable assurance of safe operation in the long term. The Commission has not yet determined whether the Board's decision on the acceptability of restart at low power should be made effective. A judgment of this court, issued January 7, 1982, 673 F.2d 552, ordered the Commission not to "make a decision to restart TMI-1" until it had complied with the requirements of NEPA as set forth in the previous paragraph of the order. On April 2, 1982 this court amended its judgment, vacating the injunction but ordering the Commission to give 30 days' notice to the court and to petitioner if it "intends to make a final decision regarding the restart of TMI-1 prior to complying with its obligations under NEPA." --- F.2d ----
Early in the proceeding several intervenors filed contentions that an environmental impact statement (EIS) should be prepared before the Commission decided whether to restart TMI-1. The Commission staff took the position that no EIS was required. Pursuant to Commission regulations, it undertook to prepare an environmental impact appraisal (EIA) setting forth the basis for its position that NEPA did not require an EIS on the restart decision. On March 27, 1981 the staff issued an EIA. In response to criticisms expressed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania regarding the adequacy of the EIA, the staff supplemented the appraisal on May 11, 1981. Neither document addressed the contentions raised by PANE-psychological health effects and community deterioration in the area surrounding Three Mile Island. On December 15, 1981 the Licensing Board issued a memorandum and order stating its conclusion that there was no need for any additional evidentiary hearings on any of the contentions relating to the adequacy of the EIA or the need for an EIS, and that there was no basis for ruling that the EIA was inadequate or that an EIS should be prepared. Memorandum and Order on NEPA-Compliance Issues, December 15, 1981 152ee80cbc
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