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NTU 620 HEPI Lab
Home
Team Members
Research Grant
Publications
Research Projects
AI and Machine learning
Physical-mental multimorbidity
Economics of Multimorbidity
Chronic condition in Singapore
Cost effectiveness analysis of intervention
Pay-for-performance
NHS Health checks
Health Workforce Planning Model
Quality of care in India
Other Research Projects
Minority health
Reproductive, Maternal, and Child health
Physical Activitiyes
Out-of-pocket expenditure for medicine
Disability and Multimorbidity
Innovative Health Financing
Health system performance evaluation
Multimorbidity and comorbidity
Indonesia Health system reform and JKN
User fee and patient cost sharing
Economic recession and health
Economics of Tobacco
Cancer screening
Media Coverage
Educational Program
More
Home
Team Members
Research Grant
Publications
Research Projects
AI and Machine learning
Physical-mental multimorbidity
Economics of Multimorbidity
Chronic condition in Singapore
Cost effectiveness analysis of intervention
Pay-for-performance
NHS Health checks
Health Workforce Planning Model
Quality of care in India
Other Research Projects
Minority health
Reproductive, Maternal, and Child health
Physical Activitiyes
Out-of-pocket expenditure for medicine
Disability and Multimorbidity
Innovative Health Financing
Health system performance evaluation
Multimorbidity and comorbidity
Indonesia Health system reform and JKN
User fee and patient cost sharing
Economic recession and health
Economics of Tobacco
Cancer screening
Media Coverage
Educational Program
Reproductive, Maternal, and Child health
Progress towards reducing sociodemographic disparities in breastfeeding outcomes in Indonesia: a trend analysis from 2002 to 2017 - BMC Public Health
Background Improving breastfeeding practice is important for reducing child health inequalities and achieving several Sustainable Development Goals. Indonesia has enacted legislation to promote optimal breastfeeding practices in recent years. We examined breastfeeding practices among Indonesian women from 2002 to 2017, comparing trends within and across sociodemographic subgroups. Methods Data from four waves of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys were used to estimate changes in breastfeeding practices among women from selected sociodemographic groups over time. We examined three breastfeeding outcomes: (1) early initiation of breastfeeding; (2) exclusive breastfeeding; and (3) continued breastfeeding at 1 year. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess changes in time trends of each outcome across population groups. Results The proportion of women reporting early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding increased significantly between 2002 to 2017 (p < 0.05), with larger increases among women who: were from higher wealth quintiles; worked in professional sectors; and lived in Java and Bali. However, 42.7% of women reported not undertaking early initiation of breastfeeding, and 48.9% of women reported not undertaking exclusive breastfeeding in 2017. Women who were employees had lower exclusive breastfeeding prevalence, compared to unemployed or self-employed women. Women in Java and Bali had higher increase in early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding compared to women in Sumatra. We did not find statistically significant decline in continued breastfeeding at 1 year over time for the overall population, except among women who: were from the second poorest wealth quintile; lived in rural areas; did not have a health facility birth; and lived in Kalimantan and Sulawesi (p < 0.05). Conclusions There were considerable improvements in breastfeeding practices in Indonesia during a period of sustained policy reform to regulate breastfeeding and community support of breastfeeding, but these were not distributed uniformly across socioeconomic, occupation and geographic subgroups. Concerted efforts are needed to further reduce inequities in breastfeeding practice through both targeted and population-based strategies.
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