Research

Journals:

• Innan, N., Bennai, M., Shafique, M., & Youssef, M. Quantum Computing Research in the Arab World. Communications of the ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3737448 

• Dave, K., Innan, N., Behera, B. K., Mumtaz, Z., Al-Kuwari, S., and Farouk, A. SentiQNF: A Novel Approach to Sentiment Analysis Using Quantum Algorithms and Neuro-Fuzzy Systems. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems (2025). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2025.3588779 

• Innan, N., Behera, B. K., Al-Kuwari, S., and Farouk, A. QNN-VRCS: A Quantum Neural Network for Vehicle Road Cooperation Systems. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (2025). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2025.3538786 

• Dave, K., Innan, N., Behera, B. K., Mumtaz, S., Al-Kuwari, S., and Farouk, A. Optimizing Low-Energy Carbon IIoT Systems With Quantum Algorithms: Performance Evaluation and Noise Robustness, IEEE Internet of Things Journal (2025). https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2025.3540949

• Innan, N., et al. Quantum State Tomography using Quantum Machine Learning. Quantum Mach. Intell. 6, 28 (2024).  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00162-3

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. A Variational Quantum Perceptron with Grover's Algorithm for Efficient Classification. Physica Scripta (2024). https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad3e38

• Innan, N., et al. Financial fraud detection using quantum graph neural networks. Quantum Mach. Intell. 6, 7 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42484-024-00143-6

• Innan, N., et al. Quantum Computing for Electronic Structure Analysis: Ground State Energy and Molecular Properties Calculations. Mater. Today Commun., vol. 38, Mar. 2024, p. 107760 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.107760

• Innan, N., et al., Financial Fraud Detection: A Comparative Study of Quantum Machine Learning Models. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 22.02 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219749923500442

• Innan, N., et al. Enhancing quantum support vector machines through variational kernel training. Quantum Inf Process 22, 374 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-023-04138-3

Conferences:

• Innan, N., Maouaki, W. E., Marchisio, Shafique, M. Quantum Neural Networks Under Threat: Modeling Security Risks and Attack Vectors. Quantum Engineering Sciences & Technologies for Industry & Services (QUEST-IS 2025).

• Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchisio, Usman, M., Shafique, M. Quantum Amplitude Estimation in Practice: A Case Study in Option Pricing. Quantum Engineering Sciences & Technologies for Industry & Services (QUEST-IS 2025).

• Khan, A.S., Innan, N., Kalique, A., Shafique, M. IQNN-CS: Interpretable Quantum Neural Network for Credit Scoring. Quantum Engineering Sciences & Technologies for Industry & Services (QUEST-IS 2025).

• Marchisio, A., Hafeez, M.U., Innan, N., Kahsif, M., Maouaki, W. E., Shafique, M. Q-PORT: Quantum Portfolio Optimization with Resource-Efficient Encoding and Scalability Analysis. Quantum Engineering Sciences & Technologies for Industry & Services (QUEST-IS 2025).

• Innan, N., Singh, A., M., Shafique, M. CircuitHunt: Automated Quantum Circuit Screening for Superior Credit-Card Fraud Detection. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21366 

• Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchiso, A.,  Gan, Y.S., Barbaresco, F., Shafique, M. QUAV: Quantum-Assisted Path Planning and Optimization for UAV Navigation with Obstacle Avoidance. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI).  https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.21361 

• Innan, N., Marchisio, A., and Shafique, M. FL-QDSNNs: Federated Learning with Quantum Dynamic Spiking Neural Networks. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02293 

• Kashif, M., Shaf, K., Innan, N., Marchiso, A., Shafique, M. Evaluating Quantum Amplitude Estimation for Pricing Multi-Asset Basket Options. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09432 

• Maouaki, W. E., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Said, T., Bennai, M., & Shafique, M. RobQFL: Robust Quantum Federated Learning in Adversarial Environment. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI). https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.04914 

• Basit, A., Shao, M., Asif, H. Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. QHackBench: Benchmarking Large Language Models for Quantum Code Generation Using PennyLane Hackathon Challenges. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Artificial Intelligence (QAI).  https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.20008 

• Innan, N., Saleem, A., Marchisio, M., and Shafique, M. Quantum Portfolio Optimization with Expert Analysis Evaluation. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25). https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.20532  

• Basit, A., Shao, M., Asif, H. Innan, N., , Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. PennyCoder: Efficient Domain-Specific LLMs for PennyLane-Based Quantum Code Generation. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25). https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.19562 

• Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. LEP-QNN: Loan Eligibility Prediction Using Quantum Neural Networks. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.03158 

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Yahia, S. B., & Shafique, M. QAS-QTNs: Curriculum Reinforcement Learning-Driven Quantum Architecture Search for Quantum Tensor Networks. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25).  https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.1201 

• Sawaika, A., Swetang, K., Suggisetti, D.P., Tomar, T., Lal, A., Shrivastav, T.,  Innan, N., and Shafique, M. A Privacy-Preserving Federated Framework with Hybrid Quantum-Enhanced Learning for Financial Fraud Detection. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE25) https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22908 

• Innan, N., Kashif, M.,  Marchiso, A., Bennai, M., Shafique, M. Next-Generation Quantum Neural Networks: Enhancing Efficiency, Security, and Privacy. 2025 IEEE 32th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS), Ischia, Italy. http://doi.org/10.1109/IOLTS65288.2025.11116981  

• Innan, N., Marchiso, A., Bennai, M., Shafique, M. QFNN-FFD: Quantum Federated Neural Network for Financial Fraud Detection. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW), Helsinki, Finland, 2025, pp. 41-47 https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW67625.2025.00015

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Yahia, S. B., Shafique, M., & Neira, D. E. B. MQFL-FHE: Multimodal Quantum Federated Learning Framework with Fully Homomorphic Encryption. 2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rome, Italy. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.01858 

• Siddiqui, O.I., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. Quantum Bayesian Networks for Machine Learning in Oil-Spill Detection. 2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rome, Italy. https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.19843 

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Ben Yahia, S., and Shafique, M. QADQN: Quantum Attention Deep Q-Network for Financial Market Prediction. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE24), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2024, pp. 341-346. https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE60285.2024.10303

• EL Maouaki, W., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Said, T., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. Quantum Clustering for Cybersecurity. 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE24), Montreal, QC, Canada, 2024, pp. 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/QCE60285.2024.10243.

• Innan, N., et al. FedQNN: Federated Learning using Quantum Neural Networks.  2024 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Yokohama, Japan, 2024, pp. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN60899.2024.10651123. 

• Pathak, P., Oad, V., Prajapati, A., Innan, N. Resource Allocation Optimization in 5G Networks using Variational Quantum Regressor. International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC), Kanazawa, Japan, 2024, pp. 101-105. https://doi.org/10.1109/QCNC62729.2024.00025.

Workshops:

• Dutta, S., Karanth, P. P., Xavier, P. M., De Freitas, I. L., Innan, N., Yahia, S. B.,  Shafique, M., and Neira, D. E. B. Federated Learning with Quantum Computing and Fully Homomorphic Encryption: A Novel Computing Paradigm Shift in Privacy-Preserving ML. In NeurIPS 2024 Workshop Machine Learning with new Compute Paradigms 2024 . https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.11430 

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Ben Yahia, S., and Shafique, M. AQ-PINNs: Attention-Enhanced Quantum Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Carbon-Efficient Climate Modeling. In NeurIPS 2024 Workshop on Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning 2024. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2409.01626 

Chapters:

• Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Bennai, M., & Shafique, M. (2026). Exploring quantum federated learning: Algorithms, applications, and challenges. Quantum Computational AI, 25-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-44-330259-6.00010-4 

• Pathak, P., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. (2026). Quantum-enhanced decision-making in ACT-R: Cognitive architectures, decision-making, and quantum optimization. In Quantum Computational AI (pp. 215-249). Morgan Kaufmann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-44-330259-6.00021-9 

• Khan, M. A.-Z., Innan, N., Hammujuddy, J., & Mhlanga, D. Influencing Fair Lending Practices through the Mechanism of AI-in-the-Loop. In Financial Inclusion and Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa (1st ed., pp. 75) (2025). Routledge. (eBook ISBN: 9781003515715).  https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003515715-5

• Innan, N., Khan, M. A.-Z., Hammujuddy, J., & Mhlanga, D. Attracting investment and reducing poverty in Africa through AI technologies. In Responsible Business and Sustainable Development (1st ed., pp. 7) (2024). Routledge. (eBook ISBN: 9781032712246).  https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032712246-17

White Papers:

• White Paper 2024 - SDG Use cases, Open Quantum Institute, Geneva, Switzerland, Gesda Summit 2024. https://open-quantum-institute.cern/wp-content/uploads/2024/OQI_WhitePaper2024.pdf

Preprints:

• Oad V., Pathak P., Innan N., Shalini D., Shafique, M. KASPER: Kolmogorov Arnold Networks for Stock Prediction and Explainable Regimes.  arXiv preprint arXiv:2507.18983 (2025).

• Basit, A., Innan, N., Asif, H., Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. PennyLang: Pioneering LLM-Based Quantum Code Generation with a Novel PennyLane-Centric Dataset. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.02497 (2025). 

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Najafi, K., Yahia, S. B., & Shafique, M. QUIET-SR: Quantum image enhancement Transformer for single image super-resolution. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.08759 (2025). 

• Maouaki, W. E., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Said, T., Bennai, M., & Shafique, M. QFAL: Quantum federated adversarial learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.21171 (2025).

• Choudhary, P. K., Innan, N., Shafique, M., & Singh, R. HQNN-FSP: A Hybrid Classical-Quantum Neural Network for Regression-Based Financial Stock Market Prediction. arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.15403 (2025).

• Alami, M. E., Innan, N., Shafique, M., and Bennai, M. Comparative Performance Analysis of Quantum Machine Learning Architectures for Credit Card Fraud Detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.19441 (2024). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.19441 

• Chen, I.C., Innan, N., Roy, S.K., and Saroni, J. Crossing The Gap Using Variational Quantum Eigensolver: A Comparative Study. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.11687 (2024). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2405.11687

• Khan, MAZ., Galib, AAO., Innan, N., and Bennai, M. Brain Tumor Diagnosis Using Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.15804 (2024). https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.15804 

• Khan, MAZ., Innan N., and Hammujuddy, J. Elucidating Common Fallacies and Misconceptions Around LLMs. Preprints. (2023). https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202311.1559.v2  

• Innan, N., and Khan, MAZ. Classical-to-Quantum Sequence Encoding in Genomics. arXiv preprint arXiv:2304.10786 (2023). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2304.10786

• Innan, N., Kashif, M.,  Marchiso, A., Bennai, M., Shafique, M. "Next-Generation Quantum Neural Networks: Enhancing Efficiency, Security, and Privacy". 2025 IEEE 32th International Symposium on On-Line Testing and Robust System Design (IOLTS), Ischia, Italy (July 2025)

• Innan, N., Marchiso, A., Bennai, M., Shafique, M. "QFNN-FFD: Quantum Federated Neural Network for Financial Fraud Detection". IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software 2025 (QSW), at the 2025 IEEE World Congress on SERVICES, Helsinki, Finland (July 2025)

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Yahia, S. B., Shafique, M., & Neira, D. E. B. "MQFL-FHE: Multimodal Quantum Federated Learning Framework with Fully Homomorphic Encryption". 2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rome, Italy (July 2025) 

• Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., Sychiuco, E., & Shafique, M. "Quantum-Assisted Path Planning and Optimization for UAV Navigation with Obstacles Avoidance". Quantum Innovation Summit 2025 (QIS), Dubai, UAE (Feb. 2025) 

• Chen, I.C., Innan, N., Roy, S.K., and Saroni, J. "Crossing The Gap Using Variational Quantum Eigensolver: A Comparative Study". Joint March Meeting and April Meeting Global Physics Summit 2025 (APS), Quantum Simulation for Quantum Chemistry, Anheim, CA, US (March 2025) https://summit.aps.org/events/MAR-L16/2 

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Ben Yahia, S., and Shafique, M. "QADQN: Quantum Attention Deep Q-Network for Financial Market Prediction." The 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE24), QCRL Workshop, Montreal, Canada (Sept. 2024)

• EL Maouaki, W., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Said, T., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. "Quantum Clustering for Cybersecurity." The 2024 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE24), QML@QCE Workshop, Montreal, Canada (Sept. 2024)

• Innan, N., Khan, M. A. Z., Marchisio, A., Shafique, M., & Bennai, M. "FedQNN: Federated Learning using Quantum Neural Networks." The International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI). Yokohama, Japan (July 2024)

• Pathak, P., Oad, V., Prajapati, A., Innan, N. "Resource Allocation Optimization in 5G Networks using Variational Quantum Regressor." International Conference on Quantum Communications, Networking, and Computing (QCNC).  Kanazawa, Japan (July 2024).

• Boutakka, Z., Innan, N., Sakhi, Z., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Meets AI: Exploring New Potentials in Computing." Energy, Water, Advancements, and Visions International Conference (E-WAV). Marrakesh, Morocco (June 2024)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Machine Learning: Models and Applications." International Conference on Theoretical Physics@Casablanca (ICTPC). Casablanca, Morocco (Dec. 2023)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Machine Learning for the Traveling Salesman Problem: A Variational Quantum Algorithm Approach." North Africans in Machine Learning Workshop, NeurIPS 2023 Conference. New Orleans, US (Dec. 2023)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M."Quantum-inspired Genomic Sequence Encoding Algorithms." IAP Meeting 2023. Ben Guerir, Morocco (Dec. 2023)

• Khan, MAZ., Innan N., and Hammujuddy J. "Elucidating Common Fallacies and Misconceptions Around LLMs." AI in Africa Workshop, 4th ACM International Conference on AI in Finance, Online (Nov. 2023)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Exploiting Quantum Variational Classifier for Enhanced Classification Performance." Quantum Morocco Conference. Rabat, Morocco (Sept. 2022)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Variational Quantum Algorithms for Solving the Traveling Salesman Problem." Journées Nationales des Doctorants et Jeunes Chercheurs. Rabat, Morocco (July 2022)

• Innan, N., Ech-challaouy, K., and Vikas, T. "Variational Quantum Eigensolver: From Theory to Applications." Warsaw IT Days 2023. Online (April 2023)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Advances in Quantum Feature Mapping for Efficient Quantum Machine Learning." International Conference Of Physics and Quantum Physics. London, UK (March 2023)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Classification and Quantum Machine Learning." MNQI PhD Day 2022: Quantum Information and their Applications. El Jadida, Morocco (Dec. 2022)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Development and Implementation of Quantum Perceptron." Journées Nationales des Doctorants et Jeunes Chercheurs. Rabat, Morocco (Nov. 2022)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "A New Approach to Simulate the Quantum Boltzmann Machine." Colloque National 2022: L’Information et l’Optique Quantique et ses Applications. Larache, Morocco (July 2022)

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Boltzmann Machine using the Quantum Approximate Optimization algorithm." 8ème édition de la Rencontre Nationale du Réseau Marocain de l’Information Quantique. Agadir, Morocco (June 2022)

• Innan, N., Elbourakadi, K., Sakhi Z., and Bennai, M. "Cosmology: Modern Trends." The Sixth ArAS School for Astrophysics (ArAS SfA-6). Doha, Qatar (March 2022)

• Siddiqui, O.I., Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. Quantum Bayesian Networks for Machine Learning in Oil-Spill Detection. 2025 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Rome, Italy (July 2025)

• Innan, N., & Shafique, M. "Quantum Federated Learning: Towards Secure and Private Quantum Machine Learning." 9th Annual Graduate & Postdoctoral Research Showcase, NYUAD, Abu Dhabi, UAE (May 2025)

• Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. "eBRAIN Lab: Quantum Machine Learning in the NISQ era." Research Institute Day | AY24-25, NYUAD, Abu Dhabi, UAE (May 2025)  

• Innan, N., Kashif, M., Marchisio, A., & Shafique, M. "Quantum Machine Learning in the NISQ era: Robust Training, Federated Learning, and Emerging Applications." TII Quantum Technology Symposium, Abu Dhabi, UAE (Jan. 2025)

• Dutta, S., Karanth, P. P., Xavier, P. M., De Freitas, I. L., Innan, N., Yahia, S. B.,  Shafique, M., and Neira, D. E. B. "Federated Learning with Quantum Computing and Fully Homomorphic Encryption: A Novel Computing Paradigm Shift in Privacy-Preserving ML." ML with New Compute Paradigms Workshop (MLNCP), NeurIPS 2024, Vancouver, Canada (Dec. 2024)

• Dutta, S., Innan, N., Ben Yahia, S., and Shafique, M. "AQ-PINNs: Attention-Enhanced Quantum Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Carbon-Efficient Climate Modeling." Tackling Climate Change with Machine Learning Workshop, NeurIPS 2024, Vancouver, Canada (Dec. 2024)

• Innan, N., Marchisio, A., Bennai, M., and Shafique, M. "FHQNN: A Secure Framework for Federated Learning with Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks and Differential Privacy." Quantum Techniques in Machine Learning (QTML 2024), Melbourne, Australia (Nov. 2024)

• EL Maouaki, W., Innan, N., Said, T., and Bennai, M. "Quantum-Enhanced Oncological Diagnosis: A Machine Learning Approach." Deep Learning Indaba 2024, Dakar, Senegal (Sept. 2024) (Best Poster Award)

• Siddiqui, O.I., Innan, N., and Khan, MAZ. "Bayesian Quantum Machine Learning for Quantum State Tomography: A Practical Approach." 49th International Nathiagali Summer College (INSC). Nathiagali, Pakistan (June 2024)

• EL Maouaki, W., Innan, N., Said, T., and Bennai, M. "Cancer Detection and Quantum Machine Learning." IndabaX Morocco 2024. Ifrane, Morocco (June 2024) (Best Poster Award)

• Boutakka, Z., Innan, N., Sakhi, Z., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Meets AI: Exploring New Potentials in Computing." IndabaX Morocco 2024. Ifrane, Morocco (June 2024)

• Ben Said, Y., Innan, N., Sakhi, Z., and Bennai, M. "Artificial Intelligence in Photovoltaic Parameter Optimization: A Genetic-Iterative Approach." IndabaX Morocco 2024. Ifrane, Morocco (June 2024) 

• Innan, N., and Bennai, M. "Quantum Machine Learning for the Traveling Salesman Problem: A Variational Quantum Algorithm Approach." North Africans in Machine Learning Workshop, NeurIPS 2023 Conference. New Orleans, US (Dec. 2023)

• Innan, N., Khan MAZ., and Bennai M. "Electronic Structure Calculations using Quantum Computing." 7th African School on Electronic Structure Methods and Applications - ASESMA 2023. Kigali, Rwanda (June 2023)