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Another important strand was the "hippie" London Free School-inspired festival in Notting Hill that became the first organised outside event, in August 1966. The prime mover was Rhaune Laslett,[11][12][13] who was not aware of the indoor events when she first raised the idea. This festival was a more diverse Notting Hill event to promote cultural unity. A street party for neighbourhood children turned into a carnival procession when Russell Henderson's steel band (who had played at the earlier Claudia Jones events) went on a walkabout.[14] By 1970, "the Notting Hill Carnival consisted of 2 music bands, the Russell Henderson Combo and Selwyn Baptiste's Notting Hill Adventure Playground Steelband and 500 dancing spectators."[15]

Duke Vin, full name Vincent George Forbes,[16] is credited as being a co-founder of Notting Hill Carnival, having brought the first sound system to the United Kingdom in 1955 when he was a stowaway on a ship from Jamaica to the United Kingdom,[17] and brought what is thought to be the very first sound system to the Notting Hill Carnival in 1973, which paved the way for the many sound systems that operate at carnival today.[18] Duke Vin became a legend in Ladbroke Grove and had a huge influence on the popularisation of reggae and ska in Britain, and played at Notting Hill Carnival with his sound system, "Duke Vin the Tickler's",[19] every year from the year it was founded until his death in 2012.[20]

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Emslie Horniman's Pleasance (in the Kensal Green district of the area), has been the carnival's traditional starting point.[21][22] Among the early bands to participate were Ebony Steelband and Metronomes Steelband.[23] As the carnival had no permanent staff and head office, the Mangrove restaurant in Notting Hill, run by another Trinidadian, Frank Crichlow, came to function as an informal communication hub and office address for the carnival's organisers.[24]

Leslie Palmer, who was director from 1973 to 1975, is credited with "getting sponsorship, recruiting more steel bands, reggae groups and sound systems, introducing generators and extending the route."[25][26][27] He encouraged traditional masquerade, and for the first time in 1973 costume bands and steel bands from the various islands took part in the street parade,[28] alongside the introduction of stationary sound systems, as distinct from those on moving floats,[29][30] which, as Alex Pascall has explained, "created the bridge between the two cultures of carnival, reggae and calypso."[31] "Notting Hill Carnival became a major festival in 1975 when it was organised by a young teacher, Leslie Palmer."[23] The carnival was also popularised by live radio broadcasts by Pascall on his daily Black Londoners programme for BBC Radio London.

Concerns about the size of the event resulted in London's then mayor, Ken Livingstone, setting up a Carnival Review Group to look into "formulating guidelines to safeguard the future of the Carnival".[35] An interim report by the review resulted in a change to the route in 2002. When the full report was published in 2004, it recommended that Hyde Park be used as a "savannah" (an open space to draw crowds away from residential areas),[36] though the proposal of such a move attracted concerns, including that the Hyde Park event might overshadow the original street carnival.[37][38][39]

The 2020 carnival was cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,[59] although free live-streamed events were shown online across four channels.[60][61] On 18 June 2021, it was announced that the 2021 Carnival would not take place either, due to "ongoing uncertainty and Covid-19 risk".[62][63]

The authors of the same article further explain how Notting Hill Carnival also creates "territory". The parade route portion of the Carnival is where carnival floats play both recorded and live music and circulate the street, visualizing the boundaries of Carnival and marking its territory. The circulating movement of the Carnival parade is also an extending of space through sound. Territorializing the space through sounds of African beats, such as the pan, fosters a sense of identity and unity for the overall Carnival.[68]

Compared to other major music and art events such as Glastonbury Festival, Notting Hill Carnival has historically struggled to gain any live coverage outside of local media. The majority of carnival live broadcasts have been traditionally on BBC London radio (hitting a peak of coverage in the years of 2003 and 2004),[69][70] and on BBC Radio 1Xtra in more recent years.[71][72]

Since the carnival did not have local authority permission, initial police involvement was aimed at preventing it taking place at all, which resulted in regular confrontation and riots. In 1976, the police had been expecting hostility due to what they deemed as trouble the year before. Consequently, after discovering pickpockets in the crowd, police took a heavy-handed approach against the large congregation of black people and it became "no-man's land". The 1600-strong police force violently broke up the carnival, with the arrest of 60 people. In the aftermath of the event, the carnival was portrayed in a very pointed way, with those aiding the riots lumped together as the "trouble-makers" responsible.[73]

The Mayor of London's Carnival Review Group's report (published in 2004,[36]) led to the parades taking a circular rather than linear route, but a recommendation to relocate the event in Hyde Park has been resisted.[77][39] Some crimes associated with the carnival have taken place on its periphery: in 2007, two teenagers were wounded in separate shooting incidents just outside the carnival area on the Monday evening;[78] however, police said there had been a decline in the number of carnival-linked arrests in comparison with the previous year.[79]

The 2008 Carnival was marred by rioting at the very end of the weekend, involving about 40 youths battling with police, and more than 300 people were arrested.[80] The carnival has come under criticism for its cost to the London taxpayer, with the cost of policing the event more than 6,000,000; however, it is argued that this should be put into context since the carnival is estimated to bring approximately 93,000,000 into the local economy.[40][81]

Although the 2011 Carnival was at risk of being cancelled in the wake of the early August riots in the UK that year,[82] it was seen as being relatively peaceful. Five people were arrested for a stabbing at Ladbroke Grove.[83] The victim was one of 86 people who were taken to hospital. In total 245 people were detained by police over the two days of the carnival.[84]

In 2016 there were over 450 arrests, and five people were hurt in four knife attacks; however, the commander in charge of policing carnival, David Musker, said that the number of arrests had been inflated by the new Psychoactive Substances Act 2016.[85] Based on relative attendance figures, it has been said that crime rates for the Notting Hill Carnival and for Glastonbury or other music festivals are comparable,[86] and Ishmahil Blagrove, co-author of the book Carnival: A Photographic and Testimonial History of the Notting Hill Carnival, states: "Notting Hill Carnival, compared to Trinidad or Brazil, is one of the safest in the world."[85]

The Notting Hill Carnival is a 3 day annual African-Caribbean event that takes place on the streets of Notting Hill, London every late August bank holiday weekend. Notting Hill Carnival has its origins in the carnival traditions of the Caribbean and the social and political conditions of the post-1948 migration of peoples from the Caribbean.

Later in 1966, community activists Rhaune Laslett and Andre Shervington organised a street festival with the aim of entertaining local children as well as attempting to ease ongoing tensions. To encourage the local Caribbean community to participate, the well-known Trinidadian musician Russell Henderson agreed to participate and transformed the festival into a carnival through the introduction of a procession and the use of the steel pan.

Today Notting Hill is a cultural institution, attracting up to two million attendees and 40,000 volunteers every year. However, its future is constantly under threat. "This event is put on annually with very little government funding," says Ansel Wong, a Trinidadian cultural and political activist, former Chair of the Notting Hill Carnival Board, and founder of Elimu Mas Band.

The history of Notting Hill Carnival represents the resilience and cultural diversity of the communities of London. Despite the political pressures Notting Hill carnival has grown and thrived and represents a space for challenge and community cohesion.

Public toilets have been set up around the carnival, but expect to see some long queues for them. Many homes also offer the use of their bathroom for a small fee of 2-3.What to ExpectMy first impression of Notting Hill Carnival was that it was an unorganized confusion. While two million people do tend to make it a little chaotic, there is actually a massive amount of organization that goes into the event. Aside from all the work done by emergency services and the 300 food stalls, the performers, parade floats and band stages integrate into a pretty spectacular event.

Police said 275 people were arrested across both days of the carnival, which saw myriad crimes take place, including possession of weapons, assaults on police officers, drug possession, and sexual offenses.

This led her to design the pavilion as an incomplete structure, with four different fragments given to members of the community. These fragments were carried in the carnival procession before being put into place.

For the carnival pavilion, Vally looked closely at buildings of significance to Notting Hill's Afro-Caribbean community, including The Tabernacle arts venue and the now-defunct Mangrove restaurant, which served as a historic symbol of Black resistance.

"A diasporic logic implies an extended set of geographies," said Vally. "Each of the pieces in this structure draws on and works to honour characters, geographies and mythologies associated with carnivals from places further away." e24fc04721