The Aldeia da Mata Dolmen (often referred to as Anta do Tapadao) has stood on this site in Portugal for over four thousand years. A monument to the burial grounds of an ancient people, it has stood the test of time. The task placed before us was to create a museum that would celebrate and educate visitors about the dolmen. However, there was a catch to this design. In some form or another, the museum had to encircle the dolmen itself, creating a "modern cloister" that would pull the site together.
The dolmen sits several kilometers from the town it is named after. The immediate site surrounding the dolmen itself is mostly flat and open to its environment, with a very gradual hill leading up to the ancient structure itself. Few rocks and patches of plants dot the area. The most important part of the site is the placement of the dolmen itself. It's positioned on an axis that follows the path of the sun as it rises and sets, seemingly placed there for this purpose by its creators.
Before my site analysis had even begun, the indigenous people of Portugal had already created cloisters on several of their megalithic sites. Many of these locations around Portugal feature a central figure with barrier stones surrounding it, seemingly converging toward the stone in the center. It is this idea of using the cloister itself to celebrate the central figure (the dolmen) that fueled my design process.
The site of the Aldeia da Mata dolmen has celebrated the rising and setting of the sun for centuries, honoring the great cycle of life and death. Rather than interrupt this ceremony, the new museum embraces it. Inspired by layouts of other megalithic sites encompassing Portugal, the museum is split into several smaller buildings arranged on a grid, each building resting on a cardinal direction point originating from the dolmen, creating a modern megalithic site. By placing these buildings here, the sun path and its daily extolment is not interrupted by their presence. The buildings themselves are rock-like in appearance, mimicking ceremonial cloisters created on other ancient sites. This callback to the traditions and customs of an archaic Portugal embraces a new chapter in the dolmen’s story that’s been centuries in the making.
Splitting the museum program into several smaller buildings allowed for public and private spaces to be separated from each other. In terms of the orientation around the site, the public buildings (such as exhibition space and gift shop) are placed at the front of the site near the original path taken to see the dolmen. Private buildings (like archives and admin offices) are placed towards the back of the site on slightly smaller paths. The main entrances (seen in plan) of the buildings also help create this divide between the two principals. Public entrances are flat and in line with the façade while private entrances are hidden behind outcroppings whose views are blocked from the approaching paths.
This section model brings clarity to the central East-West axis that ties the dolmen to the cloister that surrounds it. The model cuts directly down the center of the main exhibition hall, the site, and through the dolmen itself.