North Atlantic right whales have been listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act since 1970. There are approximately 360 individuals remaining, including fewer than 70 reproductively active females. Human impacts continue to threaten the survival of this species. The number of new calves born in recent years has been below average.

Right whales can probably live for at least 70 years, but data on their average lifespan is limited since scientific monitoring of the species is fairly recent. Ear wax can be used to estimate age in right whales after they have died. Another way to determine lifespan is to look at groups of closely related species. There are indications that some species closely related to right whales may live more than 100 years. However, female North Atlantic right whales are now only living to around 45 years old and males only to around 65 years old. Such reduced lifespans are due to human-caused mortality, not old age.

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In recent years, researchers have recorded more deaths among adult females than adult males, leading to a population with more males than females, a bias that is increasing over time. Females that undergo energetic stress from reproduction may be more susceptible than males to dying from chronic injuries such as those from entanglement or vessel strikes.

Female right whales become sexually mature at about age 10. They give birth to a single calf after a year-long pregnancy. Three years is considered a normal or healthy interval between right whale births. But now, on average, females are having calves every 6 to 10 years. Biologists believe that the additional stress caused by entanglement is one of the reasons that females are calving less often.

The changing climate, and more specifically oceanographic changes in the Northwest Atlantic, are key factors contributing to reduced reproduction and higher susceptibility to human-caused threats. Over the past decade, right whales have changed their distribution patterns, likely in response to changes in prey location and availability due to warming oceans. As their prey moved, the whales began spending more time in areas with fewer protections from vessel strikes and entanglements.

A dip in right whale births and lengthened calving intervals (from 3 to 5 years to 6 to 10 years) indicates that reproductively active females have struggled in recent years to find sufficient food resources to support pregnancy. As their environment changes, right whales will likely continue to modify their distribution and behavior to adapt, resulting in a more uncertain and unpredictable future for the species.

Recently, NOAA Fisheries released the North Atlantic right whale population viability analysis tool, which was a 5-year collaboration with a variety of partners. It is a new analytical tool that helps users understand how the population will change over 100 years if threats are mitigated. Overall, the tool demonstrates that vessel strikes and entanglements must be reduced considerably for the species to continue to persist.

NOAA received a historical level of funding under the Inflation Reduction Act. As part of this funding, NOAA Fisheries received $82 million to conserve and recover North Atlantic right whales. These funds will be available over the next 3 years. They will enable us to make critical investments in monitoring, enforcement, and investigation of new technologies and innovative solutions to reduce risks identified in our Road to Recovery.

North Atlantic right whales are sometimes referred to as the "urban whale" due to their proximity to populated, coastal environments. This proximity leads to strikes from vessels moving through these waters, resulting in injury or death. Reducing vessel strikes is necessary to mitigate extinction risk. Since 2017, when the Unusual Mortality Event began, at least 16 right whales have been confirmed dead or observed seriously injured due to vessel strike. Many vessel strike injuries go undetected, as visual observations of live whales do not account for possibility of internal blunt force trauma injuries.

North Atlantic right whales breed, feed, and move through areas of high fishing activity along the East Coast of North America. This leads to incidental entanglements in fishing gear, a primary cause of right whale mortality and serious injury. Reducing entanglements is necessary to mitigate extinction risk given that more than 85 percent of the population has been entangled at some point in their lifetime. Since 2017, when the Unusual Mortality Event began, at least 40 right whales have been confirmed dead or observed seriously injured due to entanglement, with estimates suggesting the true number is likely closer to 100 due to unobserved deaths.

Long-term monitoring of the population and health is critical for tracking the status of North Atlantic right whales over time. It provides an understanding of individual health and reproduction as well as distribution, abundance, and habitat-use patterns of the population.

The most effective way to reduce collision risk is to keep whales and vessels apart. If that is not possible, the next best option is for vessels to slow down and keep a lookout. The slower a vessel travels, the more time the whale has to get out of the way, and the less likely a collision is to result in serious injury or death.

In Seasonal Management Areas, along the U.S. East Coast, most vessels 65 feet or longer must slow to 10 knots or less during times of the year when right whales are likely to be present. Failure to comply with speed restrictions results in fines.

To reduce vessel collisions, mariners are urged to use caution and proceed at safe speeds in areas where right whales are likely to be found. NOAA Fisheries and our partners developed an interactive mapping application. It provides real-time information on North Atlantic right whale sightings along the U.S. East Coast and in Canada.

When entangled whales are reported anywhere along the U.S. East Coast, the NOAA-supported Atlantic Large Whale Disentanglement Network is called upon to try to help. The network is made up of emergency responders from 20 public and private organizations who have extensive training in how to disentangle large whales and increase their odds of surviving. The Network has successfully disentangled almost 30 North Atlantic right whales over the years.

NOAA Fisheries collaborates with Canada through bilateral discussions on science and management efforts needed to recover North Atlantic right whales. It is crucial for both countries to take and sustain additional efforts to reduce right whale mortalities and serious injuries. Risk reduction measures and whale-safe maritime practices must be a shared responsibility. For example, we share innovative techniques and solutions that reduce risk to right whales while fostering healthy fisheries.

We use a variety of methods to determine where right whales are located, including surveys with boats and planes, underwater acoustic listening devices, habitat modeling, and citizen science sighting reports. To better inform the public of the most recent right whale sightings, NOAA scientists maintain a database that displays real-time sightings on an interactive map. These data, along with those maintained by our partners at the New England Aquarium, includes more than 40 years of reliable sightings data, spanning the entire range of the species from Canada through Florida.

As with our aerial surveys, the goals of many shipboard surveys are to photograph as many individual right whales as possible, so we concentrate on places where we are most likely to find them at the surface, aggregating to feed or engage in social behaviors. This helps us accurately estimate the population size and monitor population trends. The photographs and other data collected (time, date, location, behavior) are used by researchers to investigate things like body condition, behavior, and life history. Over time, these data can also reflect changes in distribution.

We use underwater microphones to listen for right whale calls. This is another way to learn more about where and when these whales are present in different areas (at least during times they are vocalizing) where visual surveys are not likely to be effective. For example, acoustic detections have shown that at least some right whales can be detected year-round in locations we thought were once only seasonally used.

Im certain this song isnt optimistic at all. Most of noah and the whales songs arent. Seeing as it says "In 5 years time we could..." at the beginning shows this is all just in his imagination. It seems to be about him and one of his good friends who he is in love with. Its all in future and conditional tense and at the end when it says "you might just prove me wrong", i see this as not being optimistic but instead its saying that she might prove his him wrong in thinking that they could ever be together.

Well throughout the song he is describing all the good things that could happen to them in the future, and how amazing life could be, in five years time.In the fourth verse, he makes it clear that he does not think any of this is going to happen, but even though it's all "in his head" he is still thinking about the life that they could have.The next chorus is him saying that even if they do not know each other in the future, she will still go on to have a brilliant life, full of "love".The final line before the last chorus "You might just prove me wrong" is saying that maybe it will all happen, and there's a slight chance that he might be proved wrong in his prediction that it really is only fantasy.So when people say oh it's optimistic or it's pessimistic, it's neither. He has accepted that he will probably never live all these moments, and he's accepted that, and is perfectly happy just to live in the dream of his own mind.

That caveat isn't so much pessimism as realism. In years to come, the phrase "one-hit wonder" may well attach itself to Noah And The Whale, who never planned to hit the pop heights, and as such seem unlikely to scale them to the same degree again (though their follow-up single, "Shape of My Heart", is another catchy little belter). But, at the same time, it would be a terrible pity if Peaceful, the World Lays Me Down was entirely overshadowed by its chart smash. 0852c4b9a8

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