Main metabolites: glucose, lactate, cortisol, protein
Physic-chemical characteristics: viscosity, pH, osmolarity, main ions
Enzymes activities: total proteolytic activity, esterase activity, lysozyme activity
Oxidative state
Antimicrobial activity
Expression of specific molecules: HSPs, transferrin, hemopexin, proteasome
Hematocrit
Osmolarity and main ions
Main metabolites: glucose, lactate, cortisol, protein, NEFAs, TAG, FL, Cholesterol
Redox metabolism: oxidized lipids, oxidized proteins, thiol groups
Enzymes activities: transaminases, lactate dehydrogenase, esterases, lysozyme
Tissue composition: glycogen, protein, lipid
Intermediary metabolism: G6PDH, LDH, AST, ALT, GDH, HOAD, CS, COX
Oxidative stress: lipid peroxidation and oxidized proteins, glutathione, enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR)
Protein turnover: tissue proteomics
Nutritional metabolism: use and destination of nutrients with stable isotopes 13C and 15N