New Joint Ft K Marques Number One Mp3 Download

Elizabeth works for the United Nations Joint Sustainable Development Goals Fund as the Head of Communications where she advocates and promotes the Sustainable Development Goals. She is the focal point in communications for all global joint programmes as well as, external communications for the Fund. Before joining the Fund, she served as UNICEF Kenya's Communications Specialist in Advocacy and Partnerships, focused on health, education, and child protection. Previously, worked with UNICEF USA National Committee in events fundraising, and prior with UNHCR in emergency response during the refugee migration crisis in Greece.

Regarding the indications, it is crucial to understand that, optimally, an osteotomy must be planned to correct the limb deformity on the bone and site where the deformity occurs. In this case, the osteotomy will restore the anatomy and mostly correct all joint angles and joint line obliquity (JLO) within the physiological range. It is crucial to keep in mind that an unplanned or poorly planned surgical procedure may dramatically change the joint line orientation with a catastrophic outcome.

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Due to the greater distance between the centre of the hip and knee joints than between the knee and ankle, the mechanical tibiofemoral axis runs slightly oblique, from craniolateral to mediocaudal, to the perpendicular axis of the body at an angle of approximately 3.7,8

The deformity underlying an axial malalignment is analysed by calculating the joint orientation angles by assessing orientation lines. Accordingly, the joint orientation angle is calculated between the line along either the mechanical or anatomical axis and the joint orientation line. A useful terminology for identifying the angles and axes was established by Paley11 based on the abbreviation of the joint and the orientation axis. The prefix a or m determines whether the angle is measured relative to the anatomical or mechanical axis, respectively. The second letter specifies whether the measured angle is lateral L or medial M to the selected axis line. The third letter designates whether the calculated angle is in proximal P or distal D joint. The fourth letter indicates if the angle has been measured for the tibia T or the femur F. Since the mechanical and anatomical axes of the tibia are expected to be parallel, the a and m prefix may be omitted in the tibia (Fig. 3).11

The result of the parallelism between the mechanical and anatomical axes of the tibia is that the anatomical and mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (aMPTA/mMPTA), between the tangent to the tibial plateau and the anatomical and mechanical axes, is 87 3 in both cases. The anatomical and mechanical lateral distal tibial angle at the line of the ankle joint is 89 3.10,11

The term torsion designates the rotation of a bone segment in the longitudinal axis of long bones. In return, the concept of rotation indicates the rotational position between two bones at the joint level and is related to the joint motion (e.g. internal rotation of the hip). The torsion angle is then defined as the angle between the distal joint axis and the proximal joint axis in the transverse plane (internal and external rotation). A CT scan is indicated to obtain the most precise values by overlaying the projections of the articular axes.10

There are hundreds of automobile manufacturers operating in China, a country with the largest automotive industry in the world. It includes state-owned manufacturers, privately owned local manufacturers, foreign manufacturers, and joint ventures between local and foreign manufacturers.

Until 2017, Chinese automotive policy required that a foreign carmaker must form a joint-venture with a Chinese carmaker if the former plans to produce vehicles in the country, with the Chinese carmaker owning 51% of the joint venture. However, since 2017, the Chinese government had indicated that it would liberalize foreign control in the automotive sector, allowing full ownership by foreign companies.[8]

In 2017, Tesla has been allowed to set up a plant in Shanghai city, make it the first foreign automaker to open a wholly owned factory in China.[9] In 2022, BMW and Volkswagen had acquired 75% stake in their joint ventures, which enables them to have the majority control of its Chinese joint ventures.

In the past, a foreign car manufacturer had to pair with a local car company to produce cars locally, and was allowed at most 2 joint ventures in China. This restriction is to be loosened by 2022,[11] and is already loosened for 'new energy' vehicle corporations. Volkswagen, for example, has already established three joint ventures (being FAW, SAIC and JAC).

Below is a list of major car company joint ventures ever existed in Mainland China (truck and coach JVs not included). Early 1980s-90s CKD assembly agreements are not included as the production numbers are typically negligible compared to later JV efforts. Technology transfer agreements to domestic brands are also not included.

In order to contribute to the research and development of adhesives for the shoe industry, this paper aims to analyze the peel strength of an adhesive joint with various types of surface treatments. In the shoe industry, the adhesive properties are very important to ensure the quality of manufacture of the shoe, thus, to better understand the behaviour of the adhesive joint, it is important to analyze the peel resistance in order to adjust the manufacturing process. For the execution of this work, we considered the following materials: natural leather, thermoplastic rubber (TR), polyurethane (PU) and a polyurethane non structural adhesive solvent based. This paper analyzes the influences of the application of chemical and/or physical surface treatments on substrates in the peel strength of a T joint.

In Portugal, the footwear industry is increasingly characterized by quality, comfort and beauty of its models. Hence, there has been an increase in exports, evident over the past years. While comfort is determined by the selection of materials and the shoe design, quality is determined by the construction of the shoe, being also a reflection of the materials used and the manufacturing process of the adhesive joint [1]. For the manufacture of the adhesive joint, one must take into account the need for an adhesive capable of promoting adhesion required of select materials.

The selection of optimum adhesive for the adhesive joint is not always an easy task because the materials differ and, in many cases, the materials selected for construction of a model shoe are subjected to surface treatments, which increases the complexity of the manufacturing process but provides a better union of the materials.

For the manufacture of footwear it is necessary to take into account the following operating procedures: modeling, cutting, uppering, assembly, finishing and packaging. For the preparation of this work the most demanding adhesive joint was considered. The joint described in this paper is part of the assembly procedure, which adjusts the upper to the form of the shoe and proceeds to glue it to the sole. The selection of these materials will vary, depending on its mechanical properties, price and intended design, thereby determining the strength, quality and comfort desired for the final product. The upper can be on natural or synthetic leather, woven or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The soles may be of synthetic rubber, natural rubber (NR) or leather. Synthetic rubbers commonly used in the manufacture of this component for the construction of the shoe are based on polyurethane (PU), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic rubber (TR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyamide (PA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS) or acrylonitrile butyl styrene (ABS) [2].

As for the surface treatment, the TR soles chemical treatment is applied to the substrate to provide uniformity, allowing and increasing the cohesive strength of the adhesive joint [6]. This treatment allows the chemically modification of the surface to be bonded. In the footwear industry, the most commonly used chemical treatment is via halogenated substances. During production, PU soles are coated with a release agent to facilitate its removal from the mould and the footwear industry uses more than one treatment, starting with mechanical carding which is followed by application of a primer. On the leather based uppers, mechanical treatment is applied followed by the application of a primer. This treatment creates mechanical roughening on the substrate surface by increasing the contact area and therefore increasing the number of possible linkages in the interface between the adhesive and the substrate. In the footwear industry, the mechanical treatment is the most widely used, with the carding performed using the sandpaper [6]. The primer also works as a surface pre-treatment and consists in a polymer solution in organic solvents. This composition is related with the adhesive, but with low viscosity, forming a thin layer on the substrate. The primer, when dry, provides a very strong bond with the adhesive, requiring compatibility of the primer with the adhesive [6]. In the footwear industry, various methods are used depending on the application operation. In the case of bonding upper/sole, the method of application by brush is used.

Applying PU adhesive on the substrate and after the drying time, it forms a film which does not have any tackiness. Only when subjected to temperature is that the film of adhesive softens, acquiring the necessary tack for attaching the substrates. Next, the adhesive joint is subjected to pressure, followed by the cooling and thereafter is given the start of the curing of the adhesive [4]. Therefore, we must take into account some necessary conditions for the manufacture of adhesive joint, including the reactivation temperature, working time and pressure required to promote the desired union of substrates. The reactivation temperature and time are determined by the need to soften the adhesive film and not the sole, enabling rapid development of bond strength. When working with soles that soften at low temperatures, it is necessary the use of an adhesive to provide a low temperature required for reactivation, so it might be possible to manufacture the joint by adjusting the time required for the reactivation of the adhesive film. In the application of polyurethane adhesives based solvent the process identified in Figure 1 is considered. 006ab0faaa