The accelerated aging of global populations poses unprecedented challenges, specifically for the healthcare system. Today's reality of a 100-year lifespan brings a shifting multimorbidity burden as well as higher healthcare and long-term care expenses. 

The recent vast accumulation of patient health data on diagnoses, medications, and clinical parameters in electronic health records (EHR), clinical registries and other forms of observational healthcare data has accelerated the investigation of patient health beyond  th study of  single diseases considered in isolation from each other. 

In medical research, network science has been established to study a wide range of different types of networks that determine health. Many recent works demonstrated that network science provides insights into health-related problems and helps us to create better interventions and treatments.