Keratoconus-  Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the shape and clarity of the cornea, the transparent front surface of the eye. This condition can lead to significant visual impairment if left untreated. With advancements in diagnostic tools and treatment options, early detection and management can improve outcomes for individuals affected by keratoconus.

What is Keratoconus?

Ayurvedic Treatment for Keratoconus is a non-inflammatory corneal disorder in which the normally dome-shaped cornea gradually thins and bulges into a cone-like shape. This irregularity distorts the way light enters the eye, leading to blurred or distorted vision. The condition often begins in adolescence or early adulthood and may progress over time.

Causes of Keratoconus

The exact cause of keratoconus is not fully understood, but several factors may contribute:

1. Genetics: A family history of keratoconus increases the likelihood of developing the condition.

2. Eye Rubbing: Chronic or vigorous eye rubbing is linked to the progression of keratoconus.

3. Underlying Conditions: It is more common in individuals with connective tissue disorders or certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome.

4. Oxidative Stress: Imbalances in the cornea’s protective enzymes may contribute to its weakening and thinning.

Symptoms of Keratoconus

Keratoconus often begins with mild symptoms that can worsen as the condition progresses. Common symptoms include:

• Blurred or distorted vision.

• Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia).

• Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions.

• Double vision or ghost images in one eye.

• Difficulty seeing clearly at night.

Diagnosis of Keratoconus

Diagnosing keratoconus involves a thorough eye examination, including:

• Corneal Topography: This imaging technique maps the surface of the cornea to detect its shape and curvature, often revealing early signs of keratoconus.

• Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness to identify areas of thinning.

• Slit-Lamp Examination: Helps identify signs of corneal thinning or scarring.

• Keratometry: Evaluates the curvature of the cornea.

Early detection is essential to slow the progression of the disease and determine the best course of treatment.

Treatment Options for Keratoconus

The treatment approach depends on the severity of the condition and how much it has progressed. Options range from corrective lenses to surgical interventions.

Mild to Moderate Keratoconus:

Glasses or Contact Lenses: In the early stages, glasses or soft contact lenses can correct vision. As keratoconus progresses, rigid gas-permeable (RGP) or hybrid lenses may be necessary.

Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL): This minimally invasive procedure strengthens the corneal tissue by using ultraviolet (UV) light and riboflavin (vitamin B2). CXL halts the progression of keratoconus and can sometimes improve corneal shape.

Advanced Keratoconus:

• Scleral Lenses: These large-diameter lenses rest on the sclera (the white part of the eye) and create a smooth optical surface over the irregular cornea.

• Intacs or Corneal Ring Implants: These small, crescent-shaped implants are inserted into the cornea to flatten and reshape its surface.

• Corneal Transplant (Keratoplasty): In severe cases where other treatments are ineffective, a partial or full-thickness corneal transplant may be required.

• Living with Keratoconus

• Keratoconus is a lifelong condition, but advancements in treatment allow many patients to maintain functional vision. Regular follow-ups with an ophthalmologist are critical for monitoring progression and adjusting treatment plans.

• Patients are encouraged to avoid activities that could worsen the condition, such as rubbing their eyes. Protective eyewear can also help prevent injuries that might exacerbate corneal damage.

Prognosis and Future Outlook

With timely diagnosis and proper management, most individuals with keratoconus can lead a normal life with good vision. Corneal cross-linking has revolutionized the treatment landscape, offering a means to stabilize the disease and reduce the need for corneal transplants.

Ongoing research is focused on improving diagnostic tools and developing novel treatments to enhance outcomes further. Genetic studies may also help identify individuals at risk and pave the way for preventative strategies.

Conclusion

Keratoconus is a challenging but manageable condition. Awareness of its symptoms, regular eye exams, and access to modern treatment options are key to maintaining good vision and quality of life. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of keratoconus, consulting with an eye care specialist is the first step toward effective management.

Netra Eye Institute 

5001 Hadley Rd, Ste 210, South Plainfield, NJ 07080

(732) 503 9999