Velocity is the speed in combination with the direction of motion of an object. Velocity is a fundamental concept in kinematics, the branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of bodies.
Although the concept of an instantaneous velocity might at first seem counter-intuitive, it may be thought of as the velocity that the object would continue to travel at if it stopped accelerating at that moment.
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While the terms speed and velocity are often colloquially used interchangeably to connote how fast an object is moving, in scientific terms they are different. Speed, the scalar magnitude of a velocity vector, denotes only how fast an object is moving, while velocity indicates both an object's speed and direction.[3][4][5]
To have a constant velocity, an object must have a constant speed in a constant direction. Constant direction constrains the object to motion in a straight path thus, a constant velocity means motion in a straight line at a constant speed.
For example, a car moving at a constant 20 kilometres per hour in a circular path has a constant speed, but does not have a constant velocity because its direction changes. Hence, the car is considered to be undergoing an acceleration.
Velocity is defined as the rate of change of position with respect to time, which may also be referred to as the instantaneous velocity to emphasize the distinction from the average velocity. In some applications the average velocity of an object might be needed, that is to say, the constant velocity that would provide the same resultant displacement as a variable velocity in the same time interval, v(t), over some time period t. Average velocity can be calculated as:[6][7]
The average velocity is always less than or equal to the average speed of an object. This can be seen by realizing that while distance is always strictly increasing, displacement can increase or decrease in magnitude as well as change direction.
In terms of a displacement-time (x vs. t) graph, the instantaneous velocity (or, simply, velocity) can be thought of as the slope of the tangent line to the curve at any point, and the average velocity as the slope of the secant line between two points with t coordinates equal to the boundaries of the time period for the average velocity.
The above equations are valid for both Newtonian mechanics and special relativity. Where Newtonian mechanics and special relativity differ is in how different observers would describe the same situation. In particular, in Newtonian mechanics, all observers agree on the value of t and the transformation rules for position create a situation in which all non-accelerating observers would describe the acceleration of an object with the same values. Neither is true for special relativity. In other words, only relative velocity can be calculated.
The kinetic energy of a moving object is dependent on its velocity and is given by the equation[10] E k = 1 2 m v 2 {\displaystyle E_{\text{k}}={\tfrac {1}{2}}mv^{2}} where Ek is the kinetic energy. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity as it depends on the square of the velocity.
Escape velocity is the minimum speed a ballistic object needs to escape from a massive body such as Earth. It represents the kinetic energy that, when added to the object's gravitational potential energy (which is always negative), is equal to zero. The general formula for the escape velocity of an object at a distance r from the center of a planet with mass M is[12] v e = 2 G M r = 2 g r , {\displaystyle v_{\text{e}}={\sqrt {\frac {2GM}{r}}}={\sqrt {2gr}},} where G is the gravitational constant and g is the gravitational acceleration. The escape velocity from Earth's surface is about 11 200 m/s, and is irrespective of the direction of the object. This makes "escape velocity" somewhat of a misnomer, as the more correct term would be "escape speed": any object attaining a velocity of that magnitude, irrespective of atmosphere, will leave the vicinity of the base body as long as it does not intersect with something in its path.
Relative velocity is a measurement of velocity between two objects as determined in a single coordinate system. Relative velocity is fundamental in both classical and modern physics, since many systems in physics deal with the relative motion of two or more particles.
In Newtonian mechanics, the relative velocity is independent of the chosen inertial reference frame. This is not the case anymore with special relativity in which velocities depend on the choice of reference frame.
In multi-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems, velocity is broken up into components that correspond with each dimensional axis of the coordinate system. In a two-dimensional system, where there is an x-axis and a y-axis, corresponding velocity components are defined as[15]
In polar coordinates, a two-dimensional velocity is described by a radial velocity, defined as the component of velocity away from or toward the origin, and a transverse velocity, perpendicular to the radial one.[17][18] Both arise from angular velocity, which is the rate of rotation about the origin (with positive quantities representing counter-clockwise rotation and negative quantities representing clockwise rotation, in a right-handed coordinate system).
Angular momentum in scalar form is the mass times the distance to the origin times the transverse velocity, or equivalently, the mass times the distance squared times the angular speed. The sign convention for angular momentum is the same as that for angular velocity. L = m r v T = m r 2 {\displaystyle L=mrv_{T}=mr^{2}\omega } where
The expression m r 2 {\displaystyle mr^{2}} is known as moment of inertia.If forces are in the radial direction only with an inverse square dependence, as in the case of a gravitational orbit, angular momentum is constant, and transverse speed is inversely proportional to the distance, angular speed is inversely proportional to the distance squared, and the rate at which area is swept out is constant. These relations are known as Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
That depends. Does this mean high compared to two weeks ago? High compared to the other teams in your organization? How do we even measure velocity accurately without it becoming just another metric that is gamed? I have often talked at length about my love/hate relationship with velocity and focusing on developer enablement, and my opinion has largely been unchanged for about a decade. The obsession with this (relatively) arbitrary number skews the value we are creating when it becomes your only goal:
After a while, when we are no longer able to ignore it, we have to have the talk about all of these missed deliveries, rising bugs, and low morale on the team. Many will talk about buying tools, changing platforms, or having an ice cream party to raise morale. But the one thing no one dare bring up: Maybe we need to change directions? Or even more sacrilegious: Maybe we have been measuring this wrong all along?
Sleight of hand attempts aside, I am not saying the same thing. I am looking at a team in a whole different manner without using a single number to measure team performance and health. Here are the factors I look for in a well performing team, and the signs that can let me know the team needs attention or if they are healthy.
But there is still a struggle in managing a team with the factors I laid out: a lot of it is subjective. There is no numerical value for morale, there are ways to exploit or game expectation setting the same as timelines, and other ways are not as convenient as the black and white of a velocity number.
Hi community members,
I am trying to come up with actionable reports for our SaaS sales team. One metric I came across a few times (also in this Hubspot blog article) is sales velocity. It is usually calculated based on the number of opportunities, the win rate, the average deal size, and the average conversion time for a qualified lead.
The first three metrics define how much revenue a sales rep brings in a given time period. As an example, if someone gets 20 new opportunities per month, wins 25% of them and they have an average deal size of 1000 MRR ... this leads to 5000 new MRR per month.
My question: What does the sales velocity specifically measure, then? I realize that it's an efficiency metric, but I don't really know how to explain it to my team. If Tom has a sales velocity of 100 MRR and Lisa has a sales velocity of 150 MRR, what's the implication?
How can you use the sales velocity for forecasting? Does it make sense to align this with any kind of sales target?
Thanks in advance!
Best,
Jonathan
One common way to predict a rep's sales is by looking at their sales history(all of it).
No need for sales velocity for this question, at least in my opinion. If you take a months worth of data and multiplied it by three to predict the quarterly results you will probably end up with inaccurate predictions. The one month of data used to extrapolate might be a unusally low/high sales month so it will not give a accurate prediction.
Setting quotas
How to set sales quotas or goals for your exact situation I am not qualified to say, perhaps you don't need them at all. But I can tell you one very common method is to look at sales history and/or compare reps to one another.
Examples:
-If your team did 100k in January of 2020 then the goal for January 2021 might be 110k.
-If mid-level sales performers average 100k each quarter then the quarterly goal might be 110k.
Other thoughts
I can see sales velocity being handy in certain situations but I'm not sure how much benefit it gives in the early stages of building a sales team. I would say best to first figure out your sales goals. If you have any historical sales data use that as a starting point.
As things progess and you get more data you can adjust your goals. Some patterns for success and failure will start to emerge. You can then dig into the data to try to explain these patterns which may include looking at sales cycle. Or you may find that in your situation sales cycle is not a important data point at all.
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