replacement therapy, AKI and CKD progression), usually portrayed as a heat map (Supplementary Figure S1).7 The guideline suggests specific terms for description of albuminuria, GFR, and risk categories. Ascertainment of CKD, its severity, and prognosis from GFR alone, without albuminuria, is generally not acceptable. The terms “progression” and “remission,” although frequently used, are not well defined, and their use is not standardized; thus, they should be specifically defined in the context of each study. GFR categories For use in describing GFR level irrespective of the presence or absence of kidney disease; GFR units are ml/ min per 1.73 m2 for these categories; multiple categories can be collapsed (e.g., G3–G5) Normal to increased GFR G1 GFR $90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Mildly reduced GFR G2 GFR 60–89 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Moderately reduced GFR G3a GFR 45–59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 G3b GFR 30–44 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Severely reduced GFR G4 GFR 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2 Kidney failure G5 GFR 120 ml/min per 1.73 m2 ). Renal hyperfiltration GFR reserve The concept of GFR reserve is generally accepted as the difference between stimulated and basal GFR Renal function reserve Albuminuria and proteinuria Specify measurement conditions (spot vs. timed samples; quantitative vs. dipstick); differentiate non-albumin proteins as clinically indicated Albuminuria Microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria Urinary albumin concentration Urinary albumin excretion rate AER Requires timed urine collection; interval for urine collection should be noted separately in methods; unit of time may vary (h or d) Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio ACR From timed urine collection or spot urine collection; interval for timed urine collection, or time of day for spot urine collection, should be noted separately in methods Proteinuria Clinical proteinuria, overt proteinuria Urinary protein concentration Urinary protein excretion rate PER Requires timed urine collection; interval for urine collection should be noted separately in methods; unit of time may vary (h or d) Urinary protein-creatinine ratio PCR From timed urine collection or spot urine collection; interval for timed urine collection, or time of day for spot urine collection, should be noted separately in methods Albuminuria and proteinuria categories For use in describing albuminuria or proteinuria level irrespective of the presence or absence of kidney disease Normal AER 3 months does not apply to infants with CKD due to hypoplastic or dysplastic kidneys, and thresholds for albuminuria, proteinuria, and GFR differ in infants compared to adults. For studies in infants, further specification is required regarding use of terms to describe acute and chronic kidney disease and kidney disease measures (Table 3, Parts 3–5). Conclusion Conference attendees agreed with the goal of standardizing and refining the nomenclature used in English to describe kidney function and disease, and of developing a glossary that could be used by journals for publication of scientific articles. Attendees reached general consensus on the 5 major recommendations (Table 1) and on a glossary (Table 3) that reflects the recommendations to be disseminated and implemented by medical journals. Table 3 (Parts 1–5) | (Continued) Preferred term Suggested abbreviationsa Rationale/explanation Terms to avoid Severely increased (severe) A3 AER >300 mg/d; ACR >300 mg/g (>30 mg/mmol) PER >500 mg/d; PCR >500 mg/g (>50 mg/mmol) Macroalbuminuria, clinical proteinuria, overt proteinuria Nephrotic-range/ syndromed AER >2200 mg/d; ACR >2200 mg/g (>220 mg/mmol) PER >3500 mg/d; PCR >3500 mg/g (>350 mg/mmol) Specify with or without nephrotic syndrome, as noted by the presence of hypoalbuminemia (with edema and hyperlipidemia in most cases) Tubular function Tubular secretion TS Further specification is required to distinguish rate, clearance, or fraction (compared to filtered load) Tubular reabsorption TR Further specification is required to distinguish rate, clearance, or fraction (compared to filtered load) Fractional excretion, marker FENa FE of sodium Fractional reabsorption, marker FRNa FR of sodium ACR, albumin-creatinine ratio; AER, albumin excretion rate; AKD, acute kidney diseases and disorders; AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; ARF, acute renal failure; ARI, acute renal insufficiency; ATN, acute tubular necrosis; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CKD-EPI, CKD Epidemiology Collaboration; DDKT, deceased donor kidney transplant/transplantation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; ESKF, end-stage kidney failure; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; ESRF, end-stage renal failure; FENa, fractional excretion, sodium; FRNa, fractional reabsorption, sodium; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HD, hemodialysis; HDF, hemodiafiltration; HF, hemofiltration; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; KFRT, kidney failure with replacement therapy; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; LDKT, living-donor kidney transplant/transplantation; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; mGFR, measured GFR; ND-CKD, non-dialysis CKD; NDD-CKD, non–dialysis-dependent CKD; PCR, protein-creatinine ratio; PD, peritoneal dialysis; PER, protein excretion rate; pre-ESRD, pre–end-stage renal disease; RF, renal