Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, an sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, empaglifozin, also showed significantly lowered rates of death from CVD causes (38% relative risk reduction), hospitalization for heart failure (35% relative risk reduction), and death from any cause (32% relative risk reduction) compared with placebo (77,78). Analysis of prespecified secondary outcomes showed that empaglifozin also slowed progression of DKD and lowered rates of clinically relevant kidney outcomes among patients with CKD stages 2–4 (78) (Table 5). Population-Based Approaches Success of this strategy has been shown by recently available data from the Centers for Disease Control. A 54% decrease in diabetes-related kidney failure occurred between the years 1996 and 2013 among American Indians, a group with a historically high prevalence of diabetes and DKD. Interventions leading to this change included systematic implementation of guidelines for treatment of hypertension and diabetes, regular albuminuria testing, use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs, services to support nutrition, physical activity, and diabetes education (79). Conclusion Since the discovery of insulin in the 1920s, research has made significant strides toward understanding and improving the clinical management of diabetes. Although these advances have meaningfully improved outcomes for diabetes complications, such as CVD, these improvements have not translated nearly as well to DKD or ESRD (80). In response, the International Society of Nephrology has convened a Global Kidney Health Initiative to call attention to kidney diseases overall. Key collaborative stakeholders in the quest to fight DKD should include patients, health care providers and payers, advocacy groups, scientists, and governmental agencies. Advocacy and a call to action are essential to effective dissemination and implementation of current best practices. Using public health and population approaches in clinical practice and promoting meaningful and strategic research will be key to improving health outcomes for people with diabetes and DKD. Disclosures K.R.T. has received consulting fees from Eli Lilly and Company, Amgen, Noxxon Pharma, and Boehringer Ingelheim. The other authors have no disclosures. References 1. Cameron JS: The discovery of diabetic nephropathy: From small print to centre stage. J Nephrol 19[Suppl 10]: S75–S87, 2006 2. USRDS: United States Renal Data System Annual Data Report: Epidemiology of Kidney Disease in the United States, Bethesda, MD, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive The Diabetes Control and Complications (DCCT) Research Group: Effect of intensive therapy on the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. 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