National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative Did you know that the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKFKDOQI)™ has guidelines that help your doctor and healthcare team make important decisions about your medical treatment? The information in this booklet is based on the NKF-KDOQI recommended guidelines. What is your stage of kidney disease? There are five stages of kidney disease. They are shown in the table below. Your doctor determines your stage of kidney disease based on the presence of kidney damage and your glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is a measure of your level of kidney function. Your treatment is based on your stage of kidney disease. Speak to your doctor if you have any questions about your stage of kidney disease or your treatment. Stages of Kidney Disease *Your GFR number tells your doctor how much kidney function you have. As chronic kidney disease progresses, your GFR number decreases. Stage Description Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)* 1 Kidney damage (e.g., protein in the urine) with normal GFR 90 or above 2 Kidney damage with mild decrease in GFR 60 to 89 3 Moderate decrease in GFR 30 to 59 4 Blood pressure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference Alfred K. Cheung1 , Tara I. Chang2 , William C. Cushman3 , Susan L. Furth4 , Joachim H. Ix5,6,7 , Roberto Pecoits-Filho8 , Vlado Perkovic9,10, Mark J. Sarnak11, Sheldon W. Tobe12,13, Charles R.V. Tomson14, Michael Cheung15, David C. Wheeler16, Wolfgang C. Winkelmayer17 and Johannes F.E. Mann18,19; for Conference Participants20 1 Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2 Division of Nephrology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA; 3 University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; 4 Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; 5 Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; 6 Nephrology Section, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA; 7 Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; 8 School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Paraná, Rua Imaculada Conceição Curitiba PR, Brazil; 9 The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; 10Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia; 11Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; 12University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 13Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; 14Department of Renal Unit, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 15KDIGO, Brussels, Belgium; 16University College London, London, UK; 17Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; 18KfH Kidney Center, Munich, Germany; and 19Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany In September 2017, KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) convened a Controversies Conference titled Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The purpose of the meeting was to consider which recommendations from the 2012 KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Blood Pressure in CKD should be reevaluated based on new evidence from clinical trials. Participants included a multidisciplinary panel of clinical and scientific experts. Discussions focused on the optimal means for measuring blood pressure (BP) as well as managing BP in CKD patients. Consistent with the 2012 Guideline, the conference did not address BP management in patients on maintenance dialysis. Kidney International (2019) 95, 1027–1036; https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.kint.2018.12.025 KEYWORDS: blood pressure measurement; blood pressure targets; cardiovascular events; guideline; treatment threshold Copyright ª 2019, The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the International Society of Nephrology. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). I n patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the optimal blood pressure (BP) for minimizing the risk of CKD progression and systemic complications, particularly cardiovascular events, is unclear. In 2012, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) published a clinical practice guideline on the management of BP in nondialysis CKD.1 Since then, new data from clinical trials, such as SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial),2 HALT-PKD (Halt Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease),3 and SPS3 (Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes),4 have expanded the