Stata version 11SE (StataCorp, 4905, StataCorp, College Station, TX). Parametric and non-parametric tests were chosen as appropriate for descriptive comparisons. Cox regression was used to investigate the outcomes of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and renal replacement therapy. The proportional hazards assumption was tested using observed versus expected plots and Schoenfeld residuals. Survival analyses were adjusted for age, gender, year of inclusion (donation), systolic BP, smoking status, and BMI. Due to missing data for smoking (27.4%), systolic BP (6.3%), and BMI (17.3%), survival analyses were repeated after replacing missing data using multiple imputations.24 Missing values were estimated based on known covariates and outcome variables; 20 sets were created and pooled for analysis. Final multivariate analyses after multiple imputations, shown in the tables as ‘adjusted 2’, were considered the main analyses. To enable construction of a survival curve, matching on age, gender, systolic BP, BMI, and smoking was done using coarsened exact matching.25 After multiple imputations and matching, survival curves were constructed adjusted for year of inclusion. For the outcomes of ESRD and cardiovascular mortality, competing risks were assessed by sensitivity analysis and competing risk regression.26,27 In accordance with some center’s practice for pre-donation renal function, Cox regression analyses were repeated with a cutoff for eGFR of 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2 , which did not change our results. DISCLOSURE All the authors declared no competing interests. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was supported by a grant from the Norwegian Extrafoundation. REFERENCES 1. Cohen DJ, St Martin L, Christensen LL et al. Kidney and pancreas transplantation in the United States, 1995–2004. Am J Transplant 2006; 6: 1153–1169. 2. Middleton PF, Duffield M, Lynch SV et al. Living donor liver transplantation—adult donor outcomes: a systematic review. Liver Transpl 2006; 12: 24–30. 3. Segev DL, Muzaale AD, Caffo BS et al. Perioperative mortality and longterm survival following live kidney donation. JAMA 2010; 303: 959–966. 4. Mjoen G, Oyen O, Holdaas H et al. Morbidity and mortality in 1022 consecutive living donor nephrectomies: benefits of a living donor registry. Transplantation 2009; 88: 1273–1279. 5. Boudville N, Prasad GV, Knoll G et al. Meta-analysis: risk for hypertension in living kidney donors. Ann Intern Med 2006; 145: 185–196. 6. Garg AX, Muirhead N, Knoll G et al. Proteinuria and reduced kidney function in living kidney donors: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Kidney Int 2006; 70: 1801–1810. 7. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1296–1305. 8. Matsushita K, van d V, Astor BC et al. Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in general population cohorts: a collaborative meta-analysis. Lancet 2010; 375: 2073–2081. 9. Tonelli M, Wiebe N, Culleton B et al. Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review. J Am Soc Nephrol 2006; 17: 2034–2047. 10. Fehrman-Ekholm I, Elinder CG, Stenbeck M et al. Kidney donors live longer. Transplantation 1997; 64: 976–978. 11. Ibrahim HN, Foley R, Tan L et al. Long-term consequences of kidney donation. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 459–469. 12. Mjoen G, Reisaeter A, Hallan S et al. Overall and cardiovascular mortality in Norwegian kidney donors compared to the background population. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 27: 443–447. 13. Garg AX, Prasad GV, Thiessen-Philbrook HR et al. Cardiovascular disease and hypertension risk in living kidney donors: an analysis of health administrative data in Ontario, Canada. Transplantation 2008; 86: 399–406. 14. Garg AX, Meirambayeva A, Huang A et al. Cardiovascular disease in kidney donors: matched cohort study. BMJ 2012; 344: e1203. 15. Fournier C, Pallet N, Cherqaoui Z et al. Very long-term follow-up of living kidney d[KIDNEY TRANSPLANT TOOLKIT] May 13, 2019 © Copyright, Forum of ESRD Networks, 2019 Page 1 Introduction Author: Stephen Pastan, MD Kidney transplantation is the preferred therapy for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). Patients who undergo a transplant have an increase in their life expectancy and also their quality of life. Patients become eligible to be placed on a kidney transplant list when their percentage kidney function, as measured by estimated GFR, is less than 20%. Therefore, many patients can be or are listed before they start dialysis. (It is important to ask the patient if they are already listed.) Some patients will receive a transplant before they need to start dialysis. Of patients who reach dialysis, a large number are eligible to receive a kidney transplant. However, only 16% of dialysis patients are currently on the waiting list. For dialysis patients who are placed on the waitlist, only about 40% receive a transplant within 5 years; 25% are still on the waitlist, and approximately one third will have died or been removed from the waitlist over the 5-year period. Living donor transplants are the best choice if available. Living transplants can be arranged within a few months; they work faster after the transplant operation, and last longer than a renal transplant from a deceased donor (DDRT). Deceased