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Pediatrics 1999;103:350–9. Neonatal Comparative Effectiveness 841 12. Schulman J, Stricof R, Stevens TP, et al. S Neonates: Program Implementation and Evaluation Rebecca Tortolano, DNP, MS, RN, Michelle E. Neuman, DNP, RN, APN, PPCNP-BC, Shannon D. Simonovich, PhD, RN Abstract: Background: Studies suggest that the implementation of highquality education and support services for caregivers may reduce the incidence of unplanned harm to infants and young children under high-stress circumstances. Purpose: This pilot study evaluates the usefulness of the Period of PURPLE Crying program in a high-acuity NICU at The University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital based on six measurable objectives. Methods: The pilot study utilized a Likert-style pretest-posttest survey design to evaluate how NICU nurses perceived the Period of PURPLE Crying program. Nurses were educated on the program content during an in-service to teach participants how to utilize the Period of PURPLE Crying program materials to support and educate families about Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS). Results: The intervention effectively increased nursing confidence in delivering the SBS and Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) education and increased accessibility to available resources pertaining to SBS and AHT. Questions pertaining specifically to the Period of PURPLE Crying presented exclusively on the post-test were met with an overwhelmingly positive response, with the majority (n=33, 97%) of respondents agreeing that the intervention was useful in standardizing SBS education, providing meaningful, effective information on this topic area, and delivering SBS and AHT information promptly. Introduction The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports previously describe how “excessive frustration and exhaustion can lead individuals to a breaking point,” leading to Shaken Baby Syndrome (SBS) and Abusive Head Trauma (AHT) in infants (n.d., p. 4) (1). Implementing high-quality education related to SBS and AHT coupled with support services for caregivers may reduce the incidence of unplanned harm to infants and young children under high-stress circumstances. Incidence Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of child abuserelated deaths in the United States (U.S.) and most often occurs in infants less than six months of age (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 2020) (2). Approximately 1,300 cases are reported each year in the U.S., with nearly 80% of survivors suffer long-term disabilities, and it proves fatal for one out of four victims (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 2020) (2). Unfortunately, data on this problem is likely underestimated as many cases remain unreported and undiagnosed (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 2020) (2). Abuse of this nature occurs when an infant’s caregiver becomes excessively frustrated, with a higher incidence among those with disproportionate hardships or relationship problems that challenge coping methods (New York State Department of Health, 2010) (3). Other risk factors include those with unrealistic expectations related to normal infant behaviors, individuals that were abused or neglected as a child, domestic violence victims, single parents, preterm infants, children with disabilities, multiples, infants less than six months old, and infants that cry inconsolably frequently (CDC, n.d.) (1). Prevention The Period of PURPLE Crying program referred to throughout this publication, and much of the literature to date as the PURPLE program is an education program aimed to reduce the incidence of SBS and AHT through education and caregiver support during the period of increased infant crying (National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome, 2020) (2). A study in British Columbia evaluated a sample of 354,477 parents and concluded that the PURPLE program effectively reduced hospital admissions related to SBS and AHT by 35% for children ages two years and under over an eight-year period (Barr et al., 2019) (4). This hallmark study emphasizes the value of widespread adoption of standardized, preventative education related to SBS and AHT. Another large-scale study conducted in North Carolina across 86 healthcare entities found that 90% of parents receiving the PURPLE program materials recalled the main constructs two months after having received the intervention and