562 Journal of Perinatology (2013), 558 – 564 & 2013 Nature America, Inc. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare no conflict of interest. REFERENCES 1 Klein J. Bacteriology of neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1990; 9(10): 777s–778s. 2 Stoll BJ, Gordon T, Korones SB, Shankaran S, Tyson JE, Bauer CR et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr 1996; 129(1): 63–71. 3 Kaufman D, Fairchild KD. Clinical microbiology of bacterial and fungal sepsis in very-low-birth-weight infants. Clin Microbiol Rev 2004; 17(3): 638–680. 4 Stoll BJ, Hansen N, Fanaroff AA, Wright LL, Carlo WA, Ehrenkranz RA et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics 2002; 110(2 Part 1): 285–291. 5 Volpe JJ. Postnatal sepsis, necrotizing entercolitis, and the critical role of systemic inflammation in white matter injury in premature infants. J Pediatr 2008; 153(2): 160–163. 6 Miller SP, Ferriero DM, Leonard C, Piecuch R, Glidden DV, Partridge JC et al. Early brain injury in premature newborns detected with magnetic resonance imaging is associated with adverse early neurodevelopmental outcome. J Pediatr 2005; 147(5): 609–616. 7 Khwaja O, Volpe JJ. Pathogenesis of cerebral white matter injury of prematurity. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2008; 93(2): F153–F161. 8 Silveira RC, Procianoy RS, Dill JC, da Costa CS. Periventricular leukomalacia in very low birth weight preterm neonates with high risk for neonatal sepsis. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2008; 84(3): 211–216. 9 Graham EM, Holcroft CJ, Rai KK, Donohue PK, Allen MC. Neonatal cerebral white matter injury in preterm infants is associated with culture positive infections and only rarely with metabolic acidosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 191(4): 1305–1310. 10 Wu YW. Systematic review of chorioamnionitis and cerebral palsy. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2002; 8(1): 25–29. 11 Lamari F, Anastassiou ED, Stamokosta E, Photopoulos S, Xanthou M, Dimitracopoulos G et al. Determination of slime-producing S. epidermidis specific antibodies in human immunoglobulin preparations and blood sera by an enzyme immunoassay: correlation of antibody titers with opsonic activity and application to preterm neonates. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2000; 23(2-3): 363 74. 12 DeJonge M, Burchfield D, Bloom B, Duenas M, Walker W, Polak M et al. Clinical trial of safety and efficacy of INH-A21 for the prevention of nosocomial staphylococcal bloodstream infection in premature infants. J Pediatr 2007; 151(3): 260–265. 13 Bloom B, Schelonka R, Kueser T, Walker W, Jung E, Kaufman D et al. Multicenter study to assess safety and efficacy of INH-A21, a donor-selected human staphylococcal immunoglobulin, for prevention of nosocomial infections in very low birth weight infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2005; 24(10): 858–866. 14 Schlapbach LJ, Aebischer M, Adams M, Natalucci G, Bonhoeffer J, Latzin P et al. Impact of sepsis on neurodevelopmental outcome in a Swiss National Cohort of extremely premature infants. Pediatrics 2011; 128(2): e348–e357. 15 Jang DH, Sung IY, Jeon JY, Moon HJ, Kim KS, Kim EA et al. Neurodevelopmental outcomes in very low-birth-weight infants in Korea: 1998-2007 vs 1989-1997. J Child Neurol 2011; 26(11): 1405–1410. 16 Kono Y, Mishina J, Yonemoto N, Kusuda S, Fujimura M. Nicu Network J. Neonatal correlates of adverse outcomes in very low-birthweight infants in the NICU Network. Pediatr Int 2011; 53(6): 930–935. 17 Go¨ c¸er C, Kavuncuog˘lu S, Arslan G, Ertem I˙, O¨ zbek S, O¨ ztu¨ regen E et al. Neurodevelopmental problems of very low birth weight premature infants and factors affecting neurological morbidity. Turkish Arch Pediatr 2011; 46(3): 207–214. 18 Addison K, Griffin MP, Moorman JR, Lake DE, O’Shea TM. Heart rate characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcome in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol 2009; 29(11): 750–756. 19 CC-H ChenYi-Yin, Teh-Ming Wang, Chia-Chi Hsu. Developmental outcomes among very low birth weight infants with normal cranial ultrasound images. Clin Neonatol 2008; 15(1): 5–9. 20 Shah DK, Doyle LW, Anderson PJ, Bear M, Daley AJ, Hunt RW et al. Adverse neurodevelopment in preterm infants with postnatal sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis is mediated by white matter abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging at term. J Pediatr 2008; 1532170-175(5): e1. 21 Saw. HHM, Chen J. Hearing impairment in very low birth weight infants: incidence, risk factors analysis and follow-up. Clin Neonatol 2005; 12(1): 30–35. 22 Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Adams-Chapman I, Fanaroff AA, Hintz SR, Vohr B et al. Neurodevelopmental and growth impairment among extremely low-birth-weight infants with neonatal infection. JAMA 2004; 292(19): 2