National Insurance Number

The National Insurance number is a number used in the United Kingdom in the administration of the National Insurance or social security system. It is also used for some purposes in the UK tax system.

In 1993, a one-off mass allocation of NI numbers was made to all children under the age of 16 whose parents were in receipt of Child Benefit. As a result of this, siblings who met the criteria above were allocated NI numbers sequentially.[3]

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The suffix letter is either A, B, C, or D.[5][a] The NI number is unique without the suffix letter,[citation needed] so, for example, if AB 12 34 56 C exists, then there will be no other numbers beginning with AB 12 34 56 (although temporary numbers were not necessarily unique, because two people with the same date of birth would have had the same number). In official electronic submissions, the final letter may be represented by a space if not known.[11]

Until 1975, the suffixes A, B, C and D at the end of the NI number signified the period of validity of the National Insurance cards originally used to collect National Insurance contributions (NICs). Cards were exchanged every twelve months and because of the very large numbers of cards issued the exchange was staggered.

In Great Britain, expired NI cards were sorted into one hundred separate groups corresponding to the final two numbers of the NI number and were posted to the individual insured person's NI account (the RF1) by the corresponding one hundred ledger sections at the Records Branch of the Central Office of the Ministry of National Insurance and its successors.[b]

These sections dealt not only with the recording of NI contributions but with requests for information about qualifying contributions necessary to pay sickness, unemployment, widows, and other benefits and also with any correspondence arising from those NI accounts and NI cards. Within each of the sections, NI numbers were allocated among 16 splits with one clerk administering each split. To trace unknown NI numbers, a general index contained millions of small RF2 index slips, filed in order of surname and listing the name(s), date of birth, and NI number for every person within the National Insurance scheme.

Another type of temporary NI number is the Revenue-issued Temporary Reference Number (TRN) used when HMRC is unable to trace a taxpayer's original NI number. It follows the format 63tag_hash_110_12345.

Prior to 1984, when a person was allocated an NI number, a manila notification card was issued to them. From 1984 until 2011, they received a plastic 'numbercard', of similar proportions to a credit card, with the number raised on the front. The card was only used as a reminder of the number; it was not needed to start work, and was not considered a valid identity card. Numbercards were phased out after September 2010 and their issue ceased in October 2011. NI numbers are now notified by letter.[13]

National Insurance numbers issued in the Isle of Man hold the prefix MA.[14] Similarly, those issued in Jersey start with JY, and those issued in Guernsey hold the prefix GY. Only Channel Island NINOs issued prior to 1975 are validated, and recognised for UK use by HMRC.[15]

The National Insurance number is used as a reference number in the Pay As You Earn system, and also by the self-employed. It is also used in applications for Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs), to check that an individual has opened only one ISA in a tax year.

However, the NI number is not used universally as a tax identification number. Taxpayers who need to file a tax return are given a different number, a Unique Taxpayer Reference (UTR), which is used as a reference number in the self-assessment tax system.[16]

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Short-term migration to the UK largely accounts for the recent differences between the number of long-term migrants (as estimated by the International Passenger Survey (IPS)) and the number of National Insurance number (NINo) registrations for EU citizens.

2.1 On 7 March ONS published an information note explaining the reasons why long-term international immigration figures from the IPS could differ from the number of NINo registrations. It noted that the two series are likely to differ because of short-term immigration and timing differences between arriving in the UK and registering for a NINo. This note presents an initial analysis that has been undertaken by experts across government to help understand why the two series are diverging, with a focus on EU migration particularly from the EU8 and EU2, where the recent differences between the two series have been most pronounced.

4.1 The sharp increase in NINo registrations is not a new phenomenon. Figure 1 above shows there have been sharp increases and decreases over the last 12 years which appear to have been driven by changes to the rights to access the labour market or economic factors. In particular, there was a sharp increase in the number of NINos allocated to EU8 citizens after their accession to the EU in 2004 followed later by a decrease. This appears to be mirrored by the marked increase in EU NINo registrations, largely driven by the number of EU2 citizens registering following their accession in 2014, though this has been partially reversed recently due to slight falls in EU8 and EU15 registrations.

Figure 2: NINo Registrations for the UK, LTIM estimates of immigration to the UK, and STIM estimates of immigration to England and Wales for employment, study or work (other), EU citizens, mid-2003 to mid-2015Source: Source: Long-term International Migration (LTIM) - Office for National Statistics Source: Short-term International Migration (STIM) - Office for National Statistics Source: National Insurance Numbers Registered to Adult Overseas Nationals - Department for Work and PensionsNotes:Please see Assumptions section in Annex 1 for detail on the data used in the charts in this paper.Short-term migration estimates for the year to mid-2015 will be published in May 2017. However, the two provisional estimates of intended short-term migration are provided as an indication of people who arrived in this period and may have acquired a NINo. For more information, refer to Annex 1Note that for 2003 to 2014 the LTIM data are adjusted LTIM whereas for 2015 the data are IPS only to avoid double counting switchers who may appear in the STIM intentions data.Download this image Figure 2: NINo Registrations for the UK, LTIM estimates of immigration to the UK, and STIM estimates of immigration to England and Wales for employment, study or work (other), EU citizens, mid-2003 to mid-2015.png (41.4 kB).xls (35.8 kB)

4.2 As the March report set out, one of the main reasons for the divergence between LTIM and NINos is likely to be that LTIM does not (and is not intended to) pick up short-term migration. Consequently, when we add STIM data to LTIM data1 we can see that there is a much closer parallel between measured immigration and the numbers of NINo registrations, which is shown in figure 2 above.

4.3 Any remaining gap between LTIM + STIM and the NINo registrations data could potentially be explained by looking at the number of visitors that come to the UK for work or business for less than one month. In 2015 there were almost 5.9 million visitors that came to the UK for work or business. These visitors could be eligible to apply for a NINo and although the great majority will not, a small number are likely to need or use the opportunity to apply for one.

Figure 3: NINo Registrations for the UK, LTIM estimates of immigration to the UK, and STIM estimates of immigration to England and Wales for employment, study or work (other), EU15 citizens, mid-2003 to mid-2015Source: Long-term International Migration (LTIM) - Office for National Statistics Source: Short-term International Migration (STIM) - Office for National Statistics Source: National Insurance Numbers Registered to Adult Overseas Nationals - Department for Work and PensionsNotes:Please see Assumptions section in Annex 1 for detail on the data used in the charts in this paper.Short-term migration estimates for the year to mid-2015 will be published in May 2017. However, the two provisional estimates of intended short-term migration are provided as an indication of people who arrived in this period and may have acquired a NINo. For more information, refer to Annex 1Note that for 2003 to 2014 the LTIM data are adjusted LTIM whereas for 2015 the data are IPS only to avoid double counting switchers who may appear in the STIM intentions data.Download this image Figure 3: NINo Registrations for the UK, LTIM estimates of immigration to the UK, and STIM estimates of immigration to England and Wales for employment, study or work (other), EU15 citizens, mid-2003 to mid-2015.png (36.3 kB).xls (34.8 kB) e24fc04721