National History Museum Vienna LINK

The history of the earth and the breathtaking variety of nature can be practically experienced due to 20 million objects: From insects to gemstones and minerals and pterodactyls, the Habsburgs united everything under the roof of this museum near the Imperial Palace. Numerous taxidermy specimens of animals that are either extinct or threatened with extinction make the collection all the more valuable.

Native to southern Africa, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) is the only large African mammal species known to have become extinct in historical times. However, it was poorly documented prior to its extinction ~ 1800 AD, and many of the small number of museum specimens attributed to it are taxonomically contentious. This places limitations on our understanding of its morphology, ecology, and the mechanisms responsible for its demise. We retrieved genetic information from ten of the sixteen putative blue antelope museum specimens using both shotgun sequencing and mitochondrial genome target capture in an attempt to resolve the uncertainty surrounding the identification of these specimens. We found that only four of the ten investigated specimens, and not a single skull, represent the blue antelope. This indicates that the true number of historical museum specimens of the blue antelope is even smaller than previously thought, and therefore hardly any reference material is available for morphometric, comparative and genetic studies. Our study highlights how genetics can be used to identify rare species in natural history collections where other methods may fail or when records are scarce. Additionally, we present an improved mitochondrial reference genome for the blue antelope as well as one complete and two partial mitochondrial genomes. A first analysis of these mitochondrial genomes indicates low levels of maternal genetic diversity in the 'museum population', possibly confirming previous results that blue antelope population size was already low at the time of the European colonization of South Africa.

National History Museum Vienna

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Scientific research at the Natural History Museum in Vienna, one of the premier research museums in the world, which houses over 30 million artifacts in its extensive and precious historic collections in the fields of anthropology, botany, geology, mineralogy, paleontology, prehistory, and zoology. It is equipped with modern electron microprobe and electron microscopy as well as DNA laboratories.

The first hall of the museum is dedicated to the history of Europe in the 16th and 17th century. The collections of the Museum of Military History begin at a time when military history is undergoing a transformation from the Volksaufgebot (people's volunteer corps) to the standing army. The Imperial armies, which up to the Thirty Years' War were inconsistently equipped and enlisted only for the period of a campaign, were now transformed into a salaried, "standing" army. A lot of space is dedicated to the Ottoman Wars, in particular the Second Siege of Vienna in 1683.

Enjoy the many rooms at the museum and enter those doors, opening to our history of the earth and the breathtaking variety of nature, practically experienced due to 20 million objects I will show in another article very soon.

The Natural History Museum in the centre of Vienna is one of the most important museums in Austria and one of the most important natural history museums in the world. The huge museum opened in 1879, as did its sister building with the Museum of Art History opposite, but many objects in the Natural History Museum, such as the collection of insects from the 18th century, are much older.

The Natural History Museum Vienna (German: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien) is a large natural history museum located in Vienna, Austria.[1][2] It is one of the most important natural history museums worldwide. _History_Museum,_Vienna

With over 30 million items in the collection, the Natural History Museum in Vienna (NHM) is one of the most important natural history museums in the world. The museum was opened on August 10, 1889. Directly opposite is the Kunsthistorisches Museum, a mirror image of the NHM.

Natural history museums have evolved over the past 500 years to become vanguards of science literacy and thus institutions of democracy. Curiosity about nature and distant cultures has proven to be a powerful lure, and museums have progressively improved public engagement through increasingly immersive exhibits, participation in field expeditions, and research using museum holdings, all facilitated by new technology. Natural history museums have dispersed across the globe and demonstrated that public fascination with ancient life, vanished environments, exotic animals in remote habitats, cultural diversity, and our place in the cosmos is universal. This volume samples the story of museum development and illustrates that the historical successes of natural history museums have positioned them to be preeminent facilitators of science literacy well into the future.

The present and future of natural history museums rely on establishing robust international networks that implement multidisciplinary and collaborative research to face the unprecedented global threats disturbing the planet. In the Internet era, there are many opportunities to foster interconnectivity between museums, and it is envisioned that major museums could ultimately work as a single internationally distributed research infrastructure. This approach implies developing community standards and good practices, accomplishing a massive digitalization of scientific collections (specimens and their metadata), implementing open science policies, as well as coordinating permit applications (Nagoya Protocol), sampling, sequencing of reference genomes, output services, etc.

Natural history museums are in charge of preserving scientific collections as heritage for future generations, and preserved specimens are the necessary reference for any comparative research in natural sciences. Furthermore, natural history museums need to share discoveries and scientific knowledge, inspire curiosity, and educate the general public. This comprehensive mission makes the managing of these unique institutions a challenging task. Many centenary natural history museums show deep tradition and inertia that constrain their management. Some are public institutions, whereas others are private, having both funding systems pros and cons. All heavily depend on attracting patrons and members. There is controversy on whether museums should be run by scientists, museologists, or treated as corporations that require either a board of trustees or chief executive officers to make major corporate decisions, manage business operations and resources, and ensure best results for stakeholders.

Natural history museums are a hub to connect researchers with the general public. There is a high demand for making research discoveries accessible to non-scientists in an appealing and engaging manner. Outreach now should go beyond exhibitions: continuous activities to entertain while educating need to be programed; constant presence in traditional, digital and social media is required to maintain the attention of the citizens into the problems derived from the environmental crisis or to discredit and fight against fake news and pseudo-science. Strong collaboration between artists, journalists, educators, and scientists seems to be the most efficient way to improve natural science communication. The accelerated rate of species extinction and the limited number of taxonomy experts in the museums prompts for enhancing the role of citizen science in e.g., describing new species and monitoring the presence and spread of potential invasive species.

Edwin van Huis (1958), biologist and business administrator, has been general director of Naturalis Biodiversity Center since 2011. Under his leadership, the institute grew to become the center in the Netherlands for biodiversity research, as well as a leading international scientific institute. With a national collection of 43 million natural history objects, state-of-the-art research facilities and an innovative ICT infrastructure that brings together biodiversity data from the Netherlands, Europe and worldwide. Van Huis stood at the cradle of the renovated Naturalis that opened in 2019. A beautiful and striking building, where science and the public meet. A research center and family Museum in one, where the showpiece, T. rex Trix has a place of honor. The renovated Naturalis won several architecture and museum awards (including Best Museum of Europe, 2021).

Patricia Supply is acting General Director of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, a world-class institute with close to 170 scientists and scientific collaborators covering a wide range of biological and geological disciplines, a large natural history museum with 350,000 visitors a year and collections that span 38 million specimens and items. With an educational and professional background in Business and Public Management and Financial Sciences, she started out in 2014 as Director of Supporting Services and was responsible for HR, Finances (incl. Legal), ICT, Logistics, Security and Management Support. Following the retirement of the previous General Director in May 2019, she was appointed acting General Director. She is a driven and committed government manager within the Belgian Federal Science Policy with extensive knowledge and experience in strategic, organizational and financial areas driven by the distinct motivation and desire to contribute to the effective steering of organizations.

Peter C. Kjrgaard is Director of the Natural History Museum of Denmark and Professor of Evolutionary History at the University of Copenhagen. He oversees three museum sites, including the national Botanical Garden and the largest museum collection in Denmark with 14 million specimens. He is in charge of the largest Danish museum project for 150 years with a new natural history museum in central Copenhagen, combining 15,000 m2 in completely renovated old buildings with 15,000 m2 in new buildings, including new collection facilities, laboratories, offices, and 7,000 m2 new permanent galleries for exhibitions. Before arriving in Copenhagen in 2015 he was leading a research centre for human evolution at Aarhus University. As a researcher he has held a series of fellowships at some of the leading universities in Britain, France, and the United States; Oxford University, University of Cambridge, cole normale suprieure, Paris, Harvard University, and University of California, Los Angeles. 2351a5e196