Background

What is a Stroke?

A stroke is a medical emergency and one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide. It occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, leading to the death of brain cells. This often results in motor impairments, particularly in the hands. Studies show that up to 80% of stroke survivors experience upper limb motor impairments in the early stages of recovery, especially in the hands and fingers. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of these individuals regain full function within six months. These impairments can drastically affect daily life, making simple tasks like writing, cooking, or lifting objects difficult or impossible. Early and consistent rehabilitation is crucial for restoring lost motor function, especially during the initial recovery period when the brain is most capable of reorganizing and healing itself.

What are the Stages of a Stroke?

Strokes can be split into 3 stages: acute, subacute, and chronic.

The acute stage occurs immediately 24 hour post stroke. Blood flow to the brain is disrupted due to a blockage (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke). Symptoms include sudden weakness, numbness (especially on one side), speech difficulties, confusion, vision problems, and loss of coordination. Specifically on the hand and fingers, a sudden loss of motor control in one hand or both occurs. Fingers may, thus, become flaccid (limp) or completely paralyzed. Patients may be unable to grasp or move their hand at all. Muscle tone is also typically reduced due to damage in motor pathways.

The subacute stage occurs from 24 hours to a few weeks post-stroke. During this time, the brain begins its early recovery process, and inflammation around the damaged area may start to subside. Rehabilitation typically begins in this phase to prevent complications and promote motor recovery. Symptoms may still include weakness, poor coordination, and spasticity. Motor function can fluctuate or gradually improve depending on the severity and location of the stroke. Specifically on the hand and fingers, some movement may begin to return, though it is often weak, slow, or uncoordinated. Muscle tone may shift from flaccid to spastic, meaning the muscles become tight and stiff. Patients might experience involuntary clenching, difficulty with fine motor skills, or limited range of motion. The hand may also demonstrate synergy patterns, where only grouped or involuntary movements are possible rather than isolated finger control.

The chronic stage occurs from several weeks to years post-stroke, when long-term recovery patterns become clearer. The pace of recovery tends to slow, and deficits that persist into this phase may become long-term or permanent without consistent rehabilitation. While many patients make functional gains, others may experience lasting impairments in strength, coordination, or sensation. Continued therapy, adaptive techniques, and assistive devices are often necessary to improve quality of life. Specifically on the hand and fingers, persistent limitations in dexterity, grip strength, and coordination are common. Spasticity may remain or become more pronounced, making voluntary movements difficult. Fine motor tasks such as writing, buttoning a shirt, or picking up small objects may still be impaired. However, with targeted exercises and neuroplastic training, further improvements are possible even years after the initial stroke.

Why Rehab Reach?

Rehab Reach is a smart, wearable rehabilitation device that pairs with an interactive piano game to help stroke patients regain hand motor skills through engaging, rhythm-based therapy. By combining motion-tracking sensors with gamified music therapy, it transforms repetitive exercises into enjoyable, personalized activities, boosting motivation and encouraging consistent use. Aimed at patients in the mid subacute and chronic stage, our device is unlike traditional rehab, which can be expensive, time-consuming, and disengaging. Rehab Reach is low-cost, portable, and adaptable for use at home or in clinical settings. The device provides real-time feedback, adjustable difficulty, and a sleek, comfortable design. By promoting neuroplasticity and directly addressing barriers like low engagement and limited access, Rehab Reach empowers patients to take control of their recovery through a quantifiable and interactive experience.