Strategic Interdependence: Using Internet Outage Data to Study How Combatants Manage Collective Institutions During War

Kostyuk, Nadiya, Jon Lindsay, Eunji Emily Kim, Aniket Anand, Zachary Bischof, Amanda Meng, and Alberto Dainotti. "Strategic Interdependence: Using 

Internet Outage Data to Study How Combatants Manage Collective Institutions During War." British Journal of Political Science (2026).

Replication Materials

Cyber Chess: How International Organizations and Formal Alliances Shape the Global Spread of National Cybersecurity Strategies

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Jen Sidorova. “Cyber Chess: How International Organizations and Formal Alliances Shape the Global Spread of National      Cybersecurity Strategies.” International Studies Quarterly (2026), 70-1: sqaf097, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaf097 

Replication Materials                       

Red lines and Negotiables: How Exposure to Information Operations Influences Support for Peace Settlements in Ukraine

Getmansky, Anna, Anton Grushevsky, Nadiya Kostyuk, Tolga Sinmazdemir, Austin Wright, and Thomas Zeitzoff. “Red lines and Negotiables: How 

Exposure to Information Operations Influences Support for Peace Settlements in Ukraine.” Political Science Research and Methods (2025), 1–22, DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2025.10073 

Replication Materials

Attention beyond the battlefield: Voters’ responses to foreign military investments

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Ryan Shandler. “Pushing the Limits of Public Opinion Toward Foreign Policy Issues.” Conflict Management and Peace Science, 

Online First (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942251339414 

Supplementary Materials

Emerging Need to Regulate Deepfakes in International Law: The Russo-Ukrainian War as an Example

Ku´znicka-B laszkowska, Dominika* and Nadiya Kostyuk. “Emerging Need to Regulate Deepfakes in International Law: The Russo-Ukrainian War as an 

Example.” Journal of Cybersecurity 11:1 (2025): tyaf008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cybsec/tyaf008 

Beyond Threats: How Allies and Bureaucratic Competition Shape the Initial Development of Military Cyber Capabilities

Kostyuk, Nadiya. “Beyond Threats: How Allies and Bureaucratic Competition Shape the Initial Development of Military Cyber Capabilities.” 

International Interactions (2025): 1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2025.2492150 

Replication Materials

The Bureaucratic Politics of Cyber Strategy

Kostyuk, Nadiya, Evan Perkoski, and Michael Poznansky. “The Bureaucratic Politics of Cyber Strategy.” Journal of Global Security Studies 10:3 (2025): 

ogaf007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogaf022 

Diffusion of National Cybersecurity Strategies

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Jen Sidorova.* “Diffusion of National Cybersecurity Strategies.” The Workshop on the Economics of Information Security (WEIS) 

(2024). 

Allies & diffusion of state military cyber capacity

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Allies & diffusion of state military cybercapacity," Journal of Peace Research, 61:1 (2024). DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.1177/00223433241226559 

Replication Materials

Fighting in cyberspace: Internet access and the substitutability of cyber and military operations

Kostyuk, Nadiya, and Erik A. Gartzke. "Fighting in cyberspace: Internet access and the substitutability of cyber and military operations." Journal of 

Conflict Resolution (2023), online first, published on March 13, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002200272311609937

Supplementary Materials

Public opinion & cyber-terrorism

Shandler, Ryan, Nadiya, Kostyuk, and Harry Oppenheimer. "Public opinion & cyber-terrorism," Public Opinion Quarterly 87:1 (2023), online first, 

published on April 3, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfad006

Replication Materials

War in the borderland through cyberspace: Limits of defending Ukraine through interstate cooperation

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Aaron Brantly. "War in the borderland through cyberspace: Limits of defending Ukraine through interstate cooperation," 

Contemprorary Security Policy 43:3 (2022): 498-515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13523260.2022.2093587

Indirect substitution of cyber and military operations: Why cyber dogs have yet to bark loudly in the invasion of Ukraine

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Erik Gartzke. "Indirect substitution of cyber and military operations: Why cyber dogs have yet to bark loudly in the invasion of 

Ukraine," Texas National Security Review 5:3 (2022): 113-129. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.26153/tsw/42073

Dueling over Dual EC DRBG: The consequences of corrupting a cryptographic standardization process. 

Kostyuk, Nadiya,a and Susan Landau. "Dueling over Dual EC DRBG: The consequences of corrupting a cryptographic standardization process," 

Harvard National Security Journal 13:2 (2022): 224-284. URL: https://harvardnsj.org/volumes/volume-13/

Deterrence in the cyber realm: Public versus private cybercapacity

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Deterrence in the cyber realm: Public versus private cybercapacity," International Studies Quarterly 65:4 (2021): 1151-1162. DOI: 

https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqab039

Supplementary Materials

The microfoundations of state cybersecurity: Cyber risk perceptions and the mass public

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Carly Wayne. "The microfoundations of state cybersecurity: Cyber risk perceptions and the mass public," International Studies 

Quarterly 6:2 (2021): 1151-1162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jogss/ogz077

Replication Materials

xSub: Cross-national data on sub-national violence

Zhukov, Yuri M., Christian Davenport, and Nadiya Kostyuk. "xSub: Cross-national data on sub-national violence," Journal of Conflict Resolution 63:2 

(2019): 604-614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319836697

Replication Materials

Invisible Digital Front: Can low-level cyber operations shape battlefield events?

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Yuri M. Zhukov. "Invisible digital front: Can cyber attacks shape battlefield events?," Journal of Conflict Resolution 63(2): 317-347. 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319836697

Press: Washington Post/Monkey Cage

Supplementary Materials

Constructing a Harmonious Data-Driven Society: China's Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure

Liang, Fan, Vishnupriya Das, Nadiya Kostyuk & Muzammil M. Hussain, "Constructing a harmonious data-driven society: China's social credit system 

as a state surveillance infrastructure," Policy & Internet, 10. 4 (2018): 415-453. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.183

Determinants of the Cyber Escalation Ladder

Kostyuk, Nadiya, Scott Powell, and Matthew Skach, "Determinants of the cyber escalation ladder," Cyber Defense Review, 3.1 (2018): 122-130. URL: 

https://www.jstor.org/stable/26427380

International and Domestic Challenges to Comprehensive National Cybersecurity: A case study of the Czech Republic

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "International and domestic challenges to comprehensive national cybersecurity: A case study of the Czech Republic," Journal of 

Strategic Security, 7.1 (2014): 68-82. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.7.1.6

The Digital Prisoner's Dilemma: Transnational Dimensions of Cybersecurity and Opportunities for Cooperation

Kostyuk, Nadiya, "The digital prisoner's dilemma: Transnational dimensions of Cybersecurity and opportunities for cooperation," Institute of Electrical 

and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2015. DOI: 10.1109/WCS.2013.7050508

The Politics of Cyber Conflict Data: Explaining Inclusion and Alignment in Cyber Incident Datasets.

Kostyuk, Nadiya, Lee, Kankyu, and Jon Lindsay. “The Politics of Cyber Conflict Data: Explaining Inclusion and Alignment in Cyber Incident Datasets.”

Understanding the Rise of Cyber Ambassadorships in Democracies

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Anita Gohdes. “Understanding the Rise of Cyber Ambassadorships in Democracies.’

Building the Global Surveillance and Censorship Scores with Expert-Aligned LLMs 

with Chris Fariss, Jie (Jason) Lian, and Yuree Noh

Mapping Military Cyber Power: A Review and Research Agenda

with Jen Sidorova

From Bit to Bite: Measuring latent military cyber power 

with J. Andres Gannon

Global Surveillance and Censorship Scores Dataset 

with Chris Fariss and Yuree Noh

Effect of Technology on State Ability to Conduct Surveillance and Censorship

with Chris Fariss, Jie (Jason) Lian, and Yuree Noh

Cyber: Complements and Substitutes

  Erik Gartzke, Kostyuk, Nadiya, and Jon Lindsay. "Cyber: Complements and Substitutes,"

  in Gartzke and Linday, Elements of Deterrence: Strategy, Technology, and Complexity in Global Politics (Oxford UP, Forthcoming)

Ukraine's Cyber Security Policy

  Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Ukraine's Cyber Security Policy,"

  In Cyber War in Perspective: Analysis from the Crisis in Ukraine, K Geers ed., NATO CCD COE, 2015

  Press: Council on Foreign Relations/Net Politics

Issue II: Russia-U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity: Critical Terminology Foundations

Kostyuk, Nadiya (as a contributing author). "Issue II: Russia-U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity: Critical Terminology Foundations,"

     EastWest Institute & the Information Security Institute of Moscow State University, 2014

A Measure of Restraint in Cyberspace: Reducing Risk to Civilian Nuclear Assets

Cappon, Eric, Greg Austin, Nadiya Kostyuk, and Bruce McConnell. “A Measure of Restraint in Cyberspace: Reducing Risk to Civilian Nuclear Assets,"

Prepared for the Munich Security Conference, EastWest Institute, 2014

Cyberattacks have yet to play a significant role in Russia's battlefield operations in Ukraine -- cyberwarfare experts explain the likely reasons

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Erik Gartzke. "Cyberattacks have yet to play a significant role in Russia's battlefield operations in Ukraine -- cyberwarfare 

experts explain the likely reasons," The Conversation, April 2022. URL: https://theconversation.com/cyberattacks-have-yet-to-play-a-significant-role-in-

russias-battlefield-operations-in-ukraine-cyberwarfare-experts-explain-the-likely-reasons-178604

There is no Cyber `Shock and Awe': Plausible Threats in the Ukrainian Conflict

Maschmeyer, Lennart and Nadiya Kostyuk. "There is no Cyber `Shock and Awe': Plausible Threats in the Ukrainian Conflict,"

     War on the Rocks, Peer-Reviewed, 8 February 2022. URL: https://warontherocks.com/2022/02/there-is-no-cyber-shock-and-awe-plausible-threats-in-

the-ukrainian-conflict/

The Pros and Cons of Mandating Reporting From Ransomware Victims

Jun, Jenny and Nadiya Kostyuk. "The Pros and Cons of Mandating Reporting From Ransomware Victims,"

     Lawfare, 1 November 2021. URL: https://www.lawfareblog.com/pros-and-cons-mandating-reporting-ransomware-victims

Hackers are using malware to do reconnaissance in U.S. swing states. Expect cyberattacks

Geers, Kenneth and Nadiya Kostyuk. "Hackers are using malware to do reconnaissance in U.S. swing states. Expect cyberattacks,"

     The Washington Post: Monkey Cage, 5 November 2018. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/11/05/hackers-are-using-

malware-to-find-vulnerabilities-in-u-s-swing-states-expect-cyberattacks/

How Ukraine's Government Has Struggled to Adapt to Russia's Digital Onslaught

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "How Ukraine's Government Has Struggled to Adapt to Russia's Digital Onslaught,"

     Council on Foreign Relations: Net Politics, 27 August 2018. URL: https://www.cfr.org/blog/how-ukraines-government-has-struggled-adapt-russias-

digital-onslaught?sp_mid=57267745&sp_rid=bmFkaXlhQHVtaWNoLmVkdQS2

Press: UNIAN/Information Agency

Evaluating the U.K.'s `Active Cyber Defence' Program

Russell, Stuart and Nadiya Kostyuk. "Evaluating the U.K.'s `Active Cyber Defence' Program,"

     Lawfare, 14 February 2018. URL: https://lawfareblog.com/evaluating-uks-active-cyber-defence-program-0

Would cyberattacks be likely in a U.S.-North Korea conflict? Here's what we know

Kostyuk, Nadiya and Yuri M. Zhukov. "Would cyberattacks be likely in a U.S.-North Korea conflict? Here's what we know,"

     The Washington Post: Monkey Cage, 11 November 2017. URL: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/11/21/would-

cyberattacks-be-likely-in-a-u-s-north-korea-conflict-heres-what-we-know/

Hacking Power Grids: New Tactic of War or Wave of the Future?

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Hacking Power Grids: New Tactic of War or Wave of the Future?."

     Russia Matters, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, 3 November 2017. URL: 

https://www.russiamatters.org/analysis/hacking-power-grids-new-tactic-war-or-wave-future

A Ukrainian Game of Thrones: A Close Look at the Ukrainian Presidential Candidates

  Kostyuk, Nadiya. "A Ukrainian Game of Thrones: A Close Look at the Ukrainian Presidential Candidates"

     EastWest Institute: Next Generation, 1 July 2014. URL: http://www.ewinextgen.com/europe/2014/7/1/a-ukrainian-game-of-thrones-a-close-look-at-the-

ukrainian-presidential-candidates

Chernobyl: Political Half-life of an Ongoing Nuclear Crisis

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Chernobyl: Political Half-life of an Ongoing Nuclear Crisis,"

     EastWest Institute: Next Generation, 2 May 2014. URL: https://www.eastwest.ngo/idea/chernobyl-political-half-life-ongoing-nuclear-crisis

Ukraine: Can it Live up to its Promise?

Kostyuk, Nadiya. "Ukraine: Can it Live up to its Promise?",

     EastWest Institute: Next Generation, 27 February 2014. URL: https://www.eastwest.ngo/idea/chernobyl-political-half-life-ongoing-nuclear-crisis