I have been listening to the RWBY soundtrack lately, and I have been enjoying this song in specific a lot. I think I've listened to this kind of rock somewhere before, but I'm really unsure of what's the proper name for this sub-genre. Does anyone know it's name or any songs that are similar?

Search strategy:  PubMed was searched for reports published before September 2014, with the keywords "caffeine," "coffee," "beverage," "miscarriage," "spontaneous abortion," and "fetal loss."


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Selection criteria:  Case-control and cohort studies were included when they had been reported in English, the exposure of interest was caffeine/coffee consumption during pregnancy, the outcome of interest was spontaneous abortion or fetal death, and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or risk ratios were provided or could be calculated.

Main results:  Overall, 26 studies were included (20 of caffeine and eight of coffee). After adjustment for heterogeneity, caffeine consumption was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss (OR 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.40), as was coffee consumption (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21). A dose-response analysis suggested that risk of pregnancy loss rose by 19% for every increase in caffeine intake of 150 mg/day and by 8% for every increase in coffee intake of two cups per day.

"Caffeine" is an energetic rock song, featuring several heavily distorted guitars backed by bass and drums. The song features vocals from three principal vocalists: Jeff Williams, Casey Lee Williams and Lamar Hall. Jeff and Casey each take a turn singing a verse and chorus. The second chorus is followed by a short guitar solo and Lamar's rap verse, which leads back into a final chorus sung by both Casey and Jeff.

Studies in animals suggest that caffeine administration helps prevent squamous cell skin cancer development, but there have been limited epidemiologic studies on the association between caffeine consumption and skin cancer risk. Using data from the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we prospectively examined risks of basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 22,786 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 1,953 cases), and melanoma (741 cases) in relation to caffeine intake. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The amount of caffeine intake from all dietary sources was inversely associated with BCC risk. Compared with the lowest quintile, the highest quintile had the lowest risk (RR, 0.82 in women; 95% CI:,0.77-0.86 and RR, 0.87 in men; 95% CI, 0.81-0.94; Ptrend

Entropy is an important trait of brain function and high entropy indicates high information processing capacity. We recently demonstrated that brain entropy (BEN) is stable across time and differs between controls and patients with various brain disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine whether BEN is sensitive to pharmaceutical modulations with caffeine. Both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and resting fMRI were collected from sixty caffeine-nave healthy subjects before and after taking a 200 mg caffeine pill. Our data showed that caffeine reduced CBF in the whole brain but increased BEN across the cerebral cortex with the highest increase in lateral prefrontal cortex, the default mode network (DMN), visual cortex, and motor network, consistent with the beneficial effects of caffeine (such as vigilance and attention) on these areas. BEN increase was correlated to CBF reduction only in several regions (-0.5 < r < -0.4), indicating a neuronal nature for most of the observed BEN alterations. In summary, we showed the first evidence of BEN alterations due to caffeine ingestion, suggesting BEN as a biomarker sensitive to pharmaceutical brain function modulations.

Alcohol and caffeine are two of the most commonly used substances for altering human consciousness. While their adverse effects on sleep have been separately examined in the laboratory and epidemiological levels, how they impact real-world night-to-night sleep, in isolation or together, remains unclear. This is especially true in occupations wherein the use of alcohol and caffeine is high (e.g., financial services sector). Using a six-week micro-longitudinal study, here we examined the real-world impact of alcohol, caffeine, and their combined consumption in a cohort of financial traders. We demonstrate that alcohol consumption significantly degrades the subjective quality of sleep (p < 0.001). Caffeine consumption led to a different phenotype of sleep impairment, resulting in a detrimental reduction in sleep quantity (p = 0.019), rather than a marked alteration in sleep quality. Contrary to our hypothesis, when consumed in combination, evening alcohol consumption interacted with ongoing caffeine consumption such that alcohol partially mitigated the impairments in sleep quantity associated with caffeine (p = 0.032). This finding suggests the sedating effects of alcohol and the psychoactive stimulant effects of caffeine obscure each other's impact on sleep quantity and sleep quality, respectively-potentially explaining their interdependent use in this cohort (i.e., "self-medication" of evening sedation with alcohol to combat the prior daytime ingestion of caffeine and vice versa). More generally, these results contribute to a unique understanding of the singular and combinatory impacts of two of the most commonly used substances for augmenting human consciousness under free-living, real-world conditions, the performance-impairing (and thus economic-cost) consequences of which may be important to the business sector and the society.

Alcohol and caffeine are two of the most widely consumed psychoactive substances in the world. Moreover, they are the two most commonly used substances for manipulating human consciousness, most notably sleep and wakefulness. In 2016, alcohol consumption exceeded 6.4 liters per person aged 16 or older globally, or the equivalent of drinking a liter of wine each week [1]. The global average caffeine consumption was 530mg per person per week, equating to 5.5 cups of coffee [2].

While these studies describe the effects of either alcohol or caffeine in isolation, the combined effects of consuming both substances is considerably less well understood. In controlled laboratory studies, drinks that contain both alcohol and caffeine have been linked to a four-fold increase in the likelihood of reporting an inability to sleep [20]. Drinking alcoholic beverages in combination with consuming caffeine has further been associated with prolonging the time it takes to fall asleep, relative to drinking alcoholic beverages alone [21]. In addition, alcoholic beverages containing caffeine have been associated with increases in night-time awakenings, compared with drinking only alcoholic beverages [22]. Interestingly, however, one study has reported improved (subjective, at least) sleep quality following the combined consumption of alcohol and caffeine, relative to consuming only alcohol [8]. However, post-hoc tests indicated that this increase in subjective quality was the result of improved alertness upon awakening, and not superior quality of sleep the night prior [8].

The three predictions emerging from the hypothesis were tested using mixed effects models. Three separate mixed-effects models were created, one for each of the sleep measure dependent variables (subjective sleep quality, sleep duration, and night-time awakenings). The independent variables of interest in the three models were caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, and the interaction between caffeine and alcohol consumption, corresponding to the three predictions of the experimental model.

First, examining the hypothesized relationship between daily caffeine intake and sleep quality, a mixed effects model was fit with caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, and their interactions as independent variables, and subjective sleep quality as the dependent variable. Focusing on sleep quantity, again using a mixed effects model, caffeine consumption was also associated with a substantial decline in sleep quantity, such that the greater the caffeine consumption, the greater the impairment in sleep amount (t = -2.35, p = 0.019, Fig 1), supporting the experimental prediction. Indeed, for every cup of caffeinated beverage consumed, sleep amount decreased by 10.4 minutes. Given that the subjects consumed 1.14 cups of caffeinated beverages per day on average, the model suggests 11.8 minutes of sleep was lost from caffeinated beverage intake each night, translating to over an hour of accumulating sleep debt each week.

Moving beyond sleep quality, based on the expected temporal order, we further examined whether caffeine consumption during the day/evening consequently altered sleep quality. Consistent with prior literature reporting cross-sectional associations, and supporting the experimental hypothesis, caffeine consumption exhibited a directionally consistent but non-significant relationship with lower subjective sleep quality (t = -1.60, p = 0.11). Caffeine consumption was also not associated with the number of self-reported awakenings (t = -0.54, p = 0.590). Therefore, in this real-world setting among financial traders, caffeine use was most associated with a significant reduction in the ability to obtain a sufficient quantity of sleep relative to the aforementioned impact on the quality of sleep, implying that caffeine consumption may lead to a sleep-state mismatch in perception between sleep quantity and quality.

Having examined the independent influence of caffeine consumption on sleep, we next examined the independent influence of alcohol intake on subsequent night-time sleep. Corroborating the hypothesis prediction, alcohol consumption was associated with lower subjective sleep quality (parameter estimate t = -3.76, p < 0.001). Each glass of alcohol consumed predicted a decline in subjective sleep quality of 3 points on a 100-point scale the following day. Considering the subjects reported drinking 0.78 glasses of alcohol per night, alcohol consumption was responsible for subjective sleep quality deterioration of, on average, more than 2 points on a 100-point scale (Fig 2 slope and 95% confidence interval). ff782bc1db

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