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WHAT IS SITE PLANNING?
WHAT IS SITE PLANNING?
Site planning is an aspect of the architectural process that involves the architect organizing the gradients and drainage, access to the plot, privacy, and the layout of each structure. Keep in mind that these plans aren’t the same as floor plans. A floor plan is able to provide the layout for one structure.
“The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.”
“The art of arranging structures on the land and shaping the spaces between; an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape architecture and city planning.”
Site Planning by Kevin Lynch
“The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing visual form and material concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading, providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out the projects”
“The art and science of arranging the uses of portions of land. These uses are designated in detail by selecting and analyzing sites, forming land use plans, organizing vehicular and pedestrian circulation, developing visual form and material concepts, readjusting the existing landforms by design grading, providing proper drainage, and developing the construction details necessary to carry out the projects”
A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning, 1980 by Harvey Rubenstein
Physical Planning is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, social amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It involves the following components: physical, social, and economic/administrative
Physical Planning is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, social amenities, convenience and aesthetics. It involves the following components: physical, social, and economic/administrative
UAP Document 203-d Physical Planning Services
WHAT ARE ARCHITECTURAL SITE PLANS USED FOR?
Architectural site plans are mainly used for early applications in the development process. Eventhough these plans don’t identify what the structure’s appearance will be, they do indicate where any buildings will be located and how large they will be, which is why architectural site plans are useful when applying for a zoning permit.
WHY IS ARCHITECTURAL SITE PLANNING IMPORTANT?
Importance of the site planning lies in:
Site Analysis
Functional Requirements
Aesthetic Harmony
Regulatory Compliance
Sustainability
User Experience
WHEN TO DO SITE PLANNING?
A client has an intended use in mind (the project has been identified) and has identified a site (site is available).
A client has an intended use in mind (the project has been identified) but does not know where to build the project (site is not yet available).
A client has a piece of property (the site is available) but does not know what to do with it (the project has not been identified).
WHAT’S INCLUDED IN AN ARCHITECTURAL SITE PLAN?
General Informations
Title Block - This identifies the project name, site address, and the design firm responsible for the plan.
Scale - A scale indicator shows the relationship between the drawing dimensions and the actual size of the site.
North Arrow - This indicates the cardinal direction (north) to properly orient the viewer to the site's surroundings.
Legend - A legend explains the symbols and abbreviations used throughout the plan, making it easier to understand.
Site Elements
Site Boundary - The perimeter of the property is usually outlined in red to define the development area.
Existing Conditions - This may include features like existing buildings, trees, topography (slopes and elevations), and utilities (sewer lines, water lines).
Proposed Conditions - This showcases the new development, including the placement and footprint of buildings, driveways, parking areas, walkways, and landscaping elements.
Additional Considerations
Dimensions - Key dimensions of buildings, property lines, and other elements may be included for reference.
Levels or Contours - Depending on the complexity of the site, there might be notations indicating changes in elevation or existing slopes.
Access and Circulation - The plan may show entry and exit points, traffic flow patterns, and pedestrian walkways.
Utilities and Amenities - Sometimes, the location of utilities (electrical lines, water lines) or planned amenities (playgrounds, gazebos) are included.
Sustainability Features - In some cases, environmentally friendly elements like solar panels, rain gardens, or green roofs may be highlighted.
Zoning and Regulations - Setbacks from property lines or notations regarding specific zoning requirements might be included.
THINGS TO CONSIDER
Natural Factors
Natural Factors
These factors include everything from inclement weather and wind to insect infestations. If you want the project to be successful, you should plan a site that works in conjunction with the surrounding nature.
Geology
Geology
This includes the type of rock or soil on the site, as well as any underlying geological features such as faults or sinkholes. The geology of a site will determine the foundation requirements for buildings, as well as the feasibility of things like septic systems or wells.
Topography
Topography
This refers to the shape of the land, including the slope and elevation changes. Topography can affect drainage, sun exposure, and views. For example, a south-facing slope will get more sunlight than a north-facing slope, which can be a factor in determining the placement of buildings and landscaping.
Hydrography
Hydrography
This refers to the presence of water on or near the site, such as streams, lakes, or wetlands. Hydrology can affect drainage, flooding, and the availability of water for irrigation.
Soil
Soil
The type of soil on a site will determine its load-bearing capacity, drainage, and suitability for different types of landscaping. For example, clay soil is not well-suited for septic systems, while sandy soil may drain too quickly for some plants.
Vegetation
Vegetation
The existing vegetation on a site can be an asset or a liability. Trees can provide shade, wind protection, and privacy, but they can also root up sidewalks and foundations. It is important to consider the mature size of trees when planning a site.
Wildlife
Wildlife
The presence of wildlife on a site can be a positive or negative factor, depending on the type of wildlife and the project. For example, some wildlife species may be endangered or protected, while others may be considered pests.
Climatic Factors
Climatic Factors
The climate of a region will affect the design of buildings and the selection of landscaping materials. For example, buildings in cold climates will need to be well-insulated and have features to prevent snow accumulation, while buildings in hot climates will need to be designed to provide shade and ventilation.
Cultural Factors
Cultural Factors
Encompass the social beliefs, practices, and traditions that influence how a space is designed and used. They involve understanding the community's values and needs to create a development that integrates seamlessly.
Existing Land Use
Existing Land Use
This refers to how the surrounding area is currently being used. Are there residential neighborhoods, commercial areas, or historical landmarks nearby?
Understanding the existing context helps ensure the new development complements its surroundings.
Land Ownership and Regulations
Land Ownership and Regulations
Land Ownership refers to the legal rights to a particular piece of land.
Land Use Regulations are the rules and restrictions that govern how land can be developed and used. These regulations are typically established by local governments (cities, counties).
Socioeconomic Characteristics
Socioeconomic Characteristics
Refer to the economic and social conditions of a particular population group, typically within a specific geographic area. It provides a snapshot of a community's overall well-being and standard of living.
Religious and Spiritual Considerations
Religious and Spiritual Considerations
Religious and spiritual considerations in site planning acknowledge the importance of faith and tradition in how people experience and interact with a space. It's about ensuring the built environment respects and, whenever possible, accommodates the religious practices and spiritual needs of the community.
Public Art and Aesthetics
Public Art and Aesthetics
Public art and aesthetics go hand-in-hand in site planning, shaping the visual character and emotional experience of a space.
Historical Preservation
Historical Preservation
It involves considering and incorporating elements from the past into new developments. It's about respecting and acknowledging the history of a place while ensuring responsible progress.
Accessibility and Public Spaces
Accessibility and Public Spaces
Public spaces are meant for everyone in the community, and accessibility ensures that everyone, regardless of ability, can comfortably access, navigate, and enjoy these spaces.
SEQUENCE IN PRODUCING SITE PLANS
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