Mta Province Demo Download

Agricultural cooperatives are professional organizations that increase farmers' incomes through market failure corrections, livelihood resilience, and sustainable rural development. The main purpose of this paper was to evaluate the policy effects of the construction of demonstration cooperatives for farmers in China. The authors of this paper used the propensity score matching (PSM) method to evaluate the policy effect of the construction of demonstration cooperatives based on questionnaire survey data on 509 farmer cooperatives in 10 counties in Sichuan Province of China. On this basis, the inverse probability weighting-regression adjustment (IPWRA) method was used as a robustness test. The authors of this study were the first to systematically and comprehensively assess the policy effects of demonstration cooperatives while considering selectivity effects. The empirical results show that the Chinese government's construction of demonstration cooperatives has significant policy effects, especially regarding policy support in improving the economic strength, service capacity, product quality, and social response of demonstration cooperatives. However, the policy effect of improving the democratic management of cooperatives is not significant. It is recommended that the government continue to strengthen policy support in improving the economic strength, service capacity, product quality, and social response of demonstration cooperatives. Simultaneously, more effective measures should be taken to promote the democratic management of model cooperatives.

From the author:

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"This is a really exciting time for Nova Scotia's forest industry. We are changing the way we do business to accommodate changing global market conditions," said Natural Resources Minister David Morse. "Through DEMO, our forest practices will be on the world's stage. We can demonstrate the steps we are taking toward a healthy economy and diverse forests for many years to come."

Visitors to the department's exhibit will have the chance to meet winners of the Woodlot Owner of the Year award, talk to department officials about Nova Scotia's forests, see spectacular aerial images of the province, and learn about endangered species.

Natural Resources Minister David Morse says Nova Scotia's practices will be on the world's stage at the event showing the province's steps toward a healthy economy and diverse forests for many years to come.

Guangxi is the province most seriously affected by rabies virus (RABV) in China. Those most affected by RABV each year are people in rural areas, where dogs are the main cause of human infection with the virus.

To explore effective ways to control rabies in rural areas of Guangxi Province and create a model of rabies control that is applicable in rural China, we established a vaccination demonstration program for rabies prevention and control. Our aim was to vigorously promote rabies vaccination of domestic dogs in rural areas, to thereby significantly reduce the incidence of human rabies cases.

The principle and basis of the present pilot vaccination program was that the incidence of human rabies is relatively high in China and the number of domestic dogs breeding in rural areas of the country is enormous. The demonstration program included a vaccination campaign, surveillance of clinically healthy dogs that might be carrying rabies virus (RABV), monitoring anti-RABV antibody titers in vaccinated dogs, and compiling and reporting statistics of human rabies cases.

Before 2014, the rabies inactivated vaccine (Merial, France) was used for eradication program vaccination. In Guangxi Province, outside of the demonstration areas, attenuated RABV vaccine was used, which included ERA and HEP-Flurry strains. To improve the safety and immune effect, we stopped using attenuated vaccine in 2014 and switched to use of high-quality inactivated vaccine that includes SAD-B19 and CVS-11 strains, for vaccination across the entire province. All vaccines for the pilot project were provided free of charge by the Veterinary Medicine Department of the government of Guangxi.

Initial data were analyzed using EpiData 3.1. Descriptive analyses were performed and presented using percentage or median and interquartile range to describe the demographic characteristics of cases. The relationship (r) tests and standard deviation (sd) were performed by Excell 2007.

Rabies vaccination on a large scale may be effective in reducing the RABV carrier rate among domestic dogs and may thus contribute to the decline of human rabies cases. Conversely, an approach that is based on reducing dog populations is unlikely to achieve stable effects [11]. Theoretical and empirical research has demonstrated that rabies could be eliminated where a 70% vaccination coverage is sustained [12, 13].

Rabies is highly prevalent in Guangxi Province, with more than 90% of human rabies cases occurring in rural regions. Domestic dogs have an important role in the transmission of rabies to humans in Guangxi, similar to other countries of Asia, Latin America, and Africa [14,15,16]. The principle reason is that the rabies vaccination rate among domestic dogs is low in rural areas, resulting in a large proportion of clinically healthy dogs that carry RABV; the link between dog bites and mortality risk in humans has been well recognized [7]. Rabies control in Latin America and the Caribbean has been successful, with certain approaches currently used, such as mass vaccination campaigns for dogs, postexposure prophylaxis, and epidemiologic surveillance [17]. Whereas there is widespread agreement about the central importance of mass dog vaccination in canine rabies control and elimination, the role of dog population management remains a subject of debate [17]. There is a rich body of literature concerning fertility control for management of roaming dog and wildlife populations [18]. Successful experiences of eliminating human rabies in Europe, Japan, the Caribbean, and Latin America have demonstrated promising methods for Guangxi to develop a more effective approach to controlling human rabies [19]. To explore effective ways of controlling this zoonosis in Guangxi Province according to the World Health Organization global framework for the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies, and to create an applicable model for controlling rabies in rural parts of China, a pilot rabies vaccination program based on the concept of One Health, which includes improvement of dog management and a special emphasis on the registration and restricted movement of domestic dogs, was established in the province as an active response to the WHO initiative.

The rabies vaccination demonstration program was carried out in three stages, with the coverage gradually expanded from 12 counties in the first stage to 21 counties in the second stage, and finally to the whole of Guangxi Province in the third stage. The program not only comprised monitoring of the dog vaccination rate, seroconversion rate, and surveillance of RABV-carrying clinically healthy dogs, it also included propaganda and technical training for the prevention and control of rabies. Between 2003 and 2016, once or twice per year in each county, a total 113,973 veterinarians, anti-epidemic personnel, and village committees in Guangxi Province were trained in rabies control and prevention. Through our great efforts in many areas, the vaccination coverage rate in Guangxi increased from about 40.68% before implementation of the campaign to 71.15% once the program was expanded to the entire province. In particular, the leaders of Longan County took dog vaccination program seriously and provided a lot of help in the vaccination campaign by organizing teams to individually check and register the number of dogs in each village and each family. This county was set as an eradication area from 2011 to 2016 and reached a dog vaccination coverage rate of 100%. Finally, the number of human rabies cases declined sharply from 602 cases in 2004 to 57 cases in 2016 and 41 cases in 2017 (Fig. 3). These results indicate that the vaccination demonstration program was highly effective in controlling rabies in Guangxi Province.

The rabies vaccination demonstration program obviously increased rabies vaccination and seroconversion rates and effectively reduced the spread of rabies from dogs to humans, as well as the number of human rabies cases. The successful experience of the rabies vaccination demonstration program was applied to the entire province, thereby successfully controlling rabies in Guangxi, China.

The Herd Book of Massese breed was established in the last century and is managed by Asso.Na.Pa. The aim was to direct the genetic selection to the improvement of milk production, without neglecting the characteristics of robustness and rusticity. Knowledge of the genetic variability is essential to preserve and improve biodiversity. The first step in any safeguarding biodiversity program and in genetic improvement strategies, is to understand the demographic and genealogical structure. The study of the genetic variability of a population using pedigree data is still a common method used for both livestock (Figueredo et al. 2019; Hashemi and Hossein-Zadeh 2020; Bramante et al. 2022) and pets (Cecchi et al. 2016a; Ciccarelli et al. 2021; Michels et al. 2022), despite the widespread use of modern molecular analyses. In fact, the Massese breed was genetically characterized, together with other Italian sheep breeds, with Short Tandem Repeat (STR) markers (Bozzi et al. 2009) or high-density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) arrays (Pilla et al. 2011). 2351a5e196