MSK Quick Guide
MSK Quick Guide
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The following is a rough guide aimed at providing assistance for you dealing with musculoskeletal (MSK) foot and ankle conditions. This quick reference aims to offer valuable insights into understanding, managing, and seeking appropriate care for various foot and ankle issues.
This guide is intended to serve as a starting point in navigating the complexities of MSK foot and ankle health, offering you a foundational direction for seeking appropriate care.
Hallux Abductovalgus
Hallux Abductovalgus
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
1st metatarsophalangeal joint pain and lateral deviation of the hallux
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hallux limitus/ rigidus
Sesamoiditis
Bursitis
Heloma durum
Ulceration
Common Causes
Common Causes
Hereditary
Neuromuscular
Inflammatory arthritis
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Medial column supportÂ
Orthotist for insole or footwear
Hallux Limitus/Rigidus
Hallux Limitus/Rigidus
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
1st metatarsophalangeal joint pain/stiffness
Dorsal exostosis
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hallux abductovalgus
Sesamoiditis
Bursitis
Heloma durum
Ulceration
Common Causes
Common Causes
Traumatic
Metabolic
Neuromuscular
Biomechanical,
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Medial column support
1st ray cut out
Carbon plateÂ
Stiff sole trainer with a toe spring
Orthotist for insole or footwear
Sesamoiditis
Sesamoiditis
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
1st metatarsophalangeal joint pain/stiffness
Isolated pain on plantar aspect of the 1st metatarsophalangeal jointÂ
Pain on direct palpation of the affected sesamoid(s)
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Hallux abductovalgus
Fracture
Hallux Limitus/ Rigidus
Gout
Bursitis
Heloma durum
Ulceration
Common Causes
Common Causes
Repetitive overloading
Trauma
Cavus foot type
Plantarflexed 1st ray
Excessively pronated foot type
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Reverse Morton's extension
Cushioned insoles
Semi-compressed felt 1st to 5th metatarsophalangeal plantar metatarsal pad with wing to 1st metatarsophalangeal, with or without a 1st metatarsophalangeal button
Orthotist for insole or footwear
Metatarsalgia
Metatarsalgia
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Ball of foot pain
with or without change in toe shape
with and without inflammation
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Plantar digital neuromaÂ
Stress fracture
Bursitis
Gout
Inflammatory arthritis
Forefoot fat pad atrophy
Plantar plate pathology
Common Causes
Common Causes
Trauma
Hallux dysfunction
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Metatarsal pad
Dome/ bar
Modified reverse Morton's
1st Ray cut out
Plantar Plate Pathology
Plantar Plate Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Pain
Bruised or a pebble feeling (90% underneath 2nd metatarsophalangeal joint)
Progressive toe deformity
Positive modified Lachman's test
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Stress fracture
Freiberg's infraction (Avascular necrosis)
Capsulitis
Bursitis
Plantar digital neuroma
Inflammatory arthritis (Osteoarthritis/Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Forefoot fat pad atrophy
Common Causes
Common Causes
Trauma
Gout
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Mechanical
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Metatarsal pad
Dome/ bar
Modified reverse Morton's extension
1st Ray cut out
Plantar Digital Neuroma
Plantar Digital Neuroma
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Sharp stabbing pain along the nerve
Pain most common in the 3rd metatarsal space,Â
Pain increases with walking and reduces when removing shoe,Â
Positive Mulder's click
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Neuropathy
Systemic
Capsulitis
Rheumatoid nodules
Avascular necrosis
Bursitis
Common Causes
Common Causes
Unknown
Increased stress and irritation on one of the plantar digital nerves
Footwear that has a narrow toebox can create symptoms
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Metatarsal pad
Dome/ bar
Modified reverse Morton's extension
Medial heel wedge/skiveÂ
Lateral heel skive,Â
Lateral forefoot wedging
Capsulitis
Capsulitis
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Ball of foot pain
Walking on a stone
Swelling
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Stress fracture
Freiberg's infraction (Avascular necrosis)
Bursitis
Plantar digital neuroma
Inflammatory arthritis (Osteoarthritis/Rheumatoid Arthritis)
Forefoot fat pad atrophy
Common Causes
Common Causes
Mechanical
Gout
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Trauma
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Metatarsal pad
Dome/ bar
Modified reverse Morton's extension
1st Ray cut out
Fat Pad Atrophy - Heel
Fat Pad Atrophy - Heel
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Diffuse central heel pain on weight bearing
Pain on direct palpation of the central plantar calcaneum
Atrophy of the fat pad
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Plantar fasciopathy
Calcaneal fracture
Calcaneal apophysitis (6-14 years old)
Common Causes
Common Causes
Age
Weight
Diabetes
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Silipos heel cups
Diaped Duosoft insoles
Interpod diabet insoles
Plantar Fasciopathy
Plantar Fasciopathy
Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Pain on first step in the morning
Eases with walking
Pain on medial plantar rearfoot
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis
Fat pad atrophy
Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction,
Nerve entrapment
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Calcaneal apophysitis (6-14 years old)
Common Causes
Common Causes
Weight
Posterior calf muscle tightness
Poor unsupportive footwear
Sudden increase in activity
Orthotic Management
Orthotic Management
Silipos heel cups
Diaped Duosoft insoles
Interpod diabet insoles
Heel raise
1st Ray cut-out
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