"It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions." 

With Artificial Intelligence you do not need to pre-program a machine to do some work, despite that you can create a machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own intelligence, and that is the awesomeness of AI. 

Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. Specific applications of AI include expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition and machine vision. 

John McCarthy is considered as the father of Artificial Intelligence. John McCarthy was an American computer scientist. The term "artificial intelligence" was coined by him. He is one of the founder of artificial intelligence, together with Alan Turing, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell, and Herbert A. 

Machines today can learn from experience, adapt to new inputs, and even perform human-like tasks with help from artificial intelligence (AI). Artificial intelligence examples today, from chess-playing computers to self-driving cars, are heavily based on deep learning and natural language processing.

the goal of AI is to provide software that can reason on input and explain on output. AI will provide human-like interactions with software and offer decision support for specific tasks, but it's not a replacement for humans – and won't be anytime soon. 

Some common AI applications include:

• Virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa.

• Recommendation systems used in e-commerce platforms.

• Fraud detection in financial institutions.

• Autonomous vehicles.

• NLP for chatbots and customer service.

• Image and facial recognition in security systems.

• Medical diagnosis and healthcare systems.

3 Types of Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)

• Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)

• Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI)

Python is the most used language for Machine Learning (which lives under the umbrella of AI). One of the main reasons Python is so popular within AI development is that it was created as a powerful data analysis tool and has always been popular within the field of big data.