Mount Arayat has a history as a Philippine Revolution and World War II sanctuary and a rich folklore as the home of Aung/Aring Sinukuan, a mythical figure. The volcano, whose name evolved from an older term, also features in the history of the municipality of Arayat, where a local mission was established in 1590.
Historical Significance
Refuge: Mount Arayat served as a sanctuary and refuge for Filipino revolutionaries during the Spanish colonial period and later for Filipino guerrillas during the Japanese occupation in World War II.
Revolutionary Activities: General Francisco Macabulos and his men retreated to Mount Arayat to avoid capture by Spanish authorities in 1897, leading to engagements until his surrender in 1898.
WWII Activity: In the 1940s, the mountain was a hiding place for Filipino guerrillas, including the Hukbalahap, and was also the site of a capture by Japanese forces.
Folklore and Legend
Aung/Aring Sinukuan: The mountain is the reputed dwelling place of Aung/Aring Sinukuan, a powerful mystical figure, or the fairy diwata Maria Sinukuan.
Rivalry with Pinatubo: The legend suggests that Aung/Aring Sinukuan was a rival of the deity of Mount Pinatubo.
Offerings of Gold: According to tales, Sinukuan would provide food and gold to lost hunters and woodsmen, sometimes in exchange for rice bran, though accepting a full meal could lead to an enchantment where the guest would remain forever.
Etymology and Geology
Name Origin: The name "Arayat" is believed to have evolved from the term "Bondo Kalaya" mentioned in a 1696 travel diary.
Extinct Volcano: Mount Arayat is an extinct volcano with no recorded historical eruptions. Its geological history includes the formation of an andesitic dome, known as White Rock.
Cultural and Religious History
Early Mission: The first mission of the Augustinians in the area was approved by Bishop Domingo Salazar in 1590, leading to the establishment of a mission in the town of Arayat.
Parish Church: In 1600, the parish church dedicated to Santa Catalina de Alejandria was established.