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[2] Optical Pumping, MIT Department of Physics (2011). 

[3] M. Szurek, “Principles of laser cooling and trapping,” (2021).

[4] Riccky678, “Rubidium 85 laser cooling,” (2009).
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[6] Mcclellan et al., "Bright Focused Ion Beam Sources Based on Laser-cooled Atoms," (2015).