United States of America v. Microsoft Corporation, 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir. 2001), was a landmark American antitrust law case at the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The U.S. government accused Microsoft of illegally maintaining its monopoly position in the personal computer (PC) market, primarily through the legal and technical restrictions it put on the abilities of PC manufacturers (OEMs) and users to uninstall Internet Explorer and use other programs such as Netscape and Java.[1]

The government alleged that Microsoft had abused monopoly power on Intel-based personal computers in its handling of operating system and web browser integration. The central issue was whether Microsoft was allowed to bundle its IE web browser software with its Windows operating system. Bundling the two products was allegedly a key factor in Microsoft's victory in the browser wars of the late 1990s, as every Windows user had a copy of IE. It was further alleged that this restricted the market for competing web browsers (such as Netscape Navigator or Opera), since it typically took extra time to buy and install the competing browsers. Underlying these disputes were questions of whether Microsoft had manipulated its application programming interfaces to favor IE over third-party browsers. The government also questioned Microsoft's conduct in enforcing restrictive licensing agreements with original equipment manufacturers who were required to include that arrangement.[7]


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Bill Gates himself denied that Microsoft was a monopoly, stating "Microsoft follows the rules. Microsoft is subject to the rules." He further compared the situation with IBM thirty years prior: "People who feared IBM were wrong. Technology is ever-changing."[8]

Judge Jackson issued his findings of fact on November 5, 1999, holding that Microsoft's dominance of the x86-based personal computer operating systems market constituted a monopoly, and that Microsoft had taken actions to crush threats to that monopoly, including applications from Apple, Java, Netscape, Lotus Software, RealNetworks, Linux, and others. On April 3, 2000, Jackson issued his conclusions of law, holding that Microsoft had engaged in monopolization, attempted monopolization, and tying in violation of Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.[2]

Ultimately, the Circuit Court overturned Jackson's holding that Microsoft should be broken up as an illegal monopoly. However, the Circuit Court did not overturn Jackson's findings of fact, and held that traditional antitrust analysis was not equipped to consider software-related practices like browser tie-ins.[28] The case was remanded back to the D.C. District Court for further proceedings on this matter, with Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly presiding.[29]

So I recently tried to play Monopoly (2000 video game) because I somehow still have a working CD and noticed it work on windows 10 and remembered that it also never worked on windows 8. I figured that dxwnd would be able to help me get it working again but unfortunately it still has the same graphical bug despite trying many upon many options. I'm pretty new to dxwnd.

If anyone is willing to give me a helping hand in figuring out if it's at all possible to fix this game through dxwnd that would be great. It is the monopoly PC version developed by Artech Studios and published by Hasbro Interactive/infogrames interactive I want to say in 1999. I know this software worked on windows XP and as I mentioned before since it doesn't work on windows 8 or 8.1 or windows 10 I don't know about windows 7.

@mysticentity One by one. Using Inject Suspended Process, I don't get the issue from 'monopoly2.png'. Btw which is the executable, I am using boarded.exe but there's another, monopoly.exe which doesn't run. Asking this because I don' find a video somewhere.

Update: Interestingly, the monopoly.exe required Handle Exceptions for the same issue in 'monopoly2.png'. Now could you please specify where I could try that video? I can see the Hasbro video works fine.

Microsoft's "Windows monopoly" hasn't been so much destroyed as rendered irrelevant. Thanks to the explosion of Internet-based cloud computing and smartphones, tablets, and other mobile gadgets, the once all-powerful platform of the desktop operating system has now been reduced to little more than a device driver. As long as your gadget can connect to the Internet and run some apps, it doesn't matter what operating system you use.

But only 15 years after the government went after Microsoft for anti-trust violations, the idea that the company ever had a "monopoly" on anything is hard to even understand. And the outlook for Windows, and the traditional PC business in general, seems sure to get even worse going forward.

Much of our societal and legal understanding of monopoly is based on a two-dimensional model: monopolies are either vertical, meaning that a company integrates and controls a supply chain, or horizontal, meaning that a company acquires and controls so much of an industry that it can then exert undue power.

The power of the ecosystem plays a huge role in creating and retaining a monopoly (whether it is legally defined as a monopoly or simply works as one). A series of services that exert monopolistic control, from Microsoft managed-devices, to entire suites of products supported and integrated via Teams, results in undue control simply due to the pressure of the preceding ecosystem.

The core of the issue is a battle between word processing software WordPerfect and Microsoft Word. Novell claims that Microsoft abused its monopoly of PC operating systems by adding browsing functions in Windows 95 that was incompatible with WordPerfect. And the company refused to publish documentation that would allow developers to bring WordPerfect up to speed with Windows 95, upon launch. A compatible version of the software wasn't released until 1996. 


Antitrust laws are designed by governments in order to ensure fair competition in the market. The laws prohibit practices that result in a negative impact on free markets and create entry barriers. Common examples of such practices include industry-wide price-fixing, corporate mergers that are anti-competitive, predatory pricing done to maintain monopoly power, etc.

From Capitol Hill to Silicon Valley, the computer software giant has been routinely denounced as a “monopolist” or “near monopolist”—as if the firm’s monopoly status were an established fact, not one open to debate. However, many of Microsoft’s strategies under legal attack make little economic sense for a monopolist.

The Microsoft monopoly is self-evident, if the Justice Department’s lawyers are to be believed. In the complaint filed against Microsoft in the U.S. District Court of the District of Columbia on May 18, 1998, the Justice Department declares unequivocally that “Microsoft possesses (and for several years has possessed) monopoly power in the market for personal computer operating systems.”[1]

The Justice Department’s lawsuit merely reaffirms the position U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno had previously staked out: “Microsoft is unlawfully taking advantage of its Windows monopoly to protect and extend that monopoly.” Hence, it seems beyond dispute that the Justice Department’s antitrust assault on Microsoft will, if successful, produce benefits for the American public. “We took action today [in the courts],” Reno announced earlier this year, “to ensure that consumers will have the ability to choose among competing software products” (PC Magazine 1997).[2] Assistant Attorney General Joel Klein echoes Reno’s claims. In a statement accompanying his department’s antitrust complaint, he charges that “in essence, what Microsoft has been doing, through a wide variety of illegal business practices, is leveraging its Windows operating system monopoly to force its other software products on consumers” (Klein 1998b, 1).

Both Klein’s and Reno’s allegations appear to reflect a widespread public sentiment. Indeed, it has become common for reporters, columnists, scholars, and computer industry analysts to use terms such as “monopoly” or “near monopoly” to describe Microsoft, as if the firm’s monopoly status were an established fact, not one open to debate. Wall Street Journal reporter Alan Murray (1998) declares flatly on the front page of his paper, “Microsoft is a monopoly” (emphasis in original). It is such, Murray tells us, because Bill Gates has managed to win near-total control of the most valuable real estate in business today: “His Windows operating system has become almost the sole entry point to cyberspace.”[3] Michael Miller, editor in chief of PC Magazine, has seconded Murray’s conclusion, asserting that “Microsoft has an effective monopoly on PC operating systems. He [Jim Barksdale, head of Netscape] knows it, Bill [Gates] knows it, and all the senators [who questioned Gates at a Senate hearing in early 1998] know it. So do all of us who buy PCs” (Miller 1998). Miller’s only remaining concern is whether antitrust or regulatory action would be good for the computer industry.

Indeed, the rampant criticism of Microsoft’s purportedly unfettered market power has given rise to increasingly shrill attacks. A Los Angeles Times editorial chided Microsoft for having “macro-gall” when it sought to defuse the threat of an adverse court decision by offering computer manufacturers two versions of Windows 95: an older version without Internet Explorer and a newer version with Internet Explorer included (Los Angeles Times 1997). Even former Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole, who once defended Microsoft against Justice Department action but who now lobbies for competing computer software companies, accepts antitrust intervention as necessary because “Microsoft’s goal appears to be to extend the monopoly it has enjoyed in the PC operating system marketplace to the Internet as a whole and to control the direction of innovation” (Dole 1997). ff782bc1db

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