Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a serious bacterial infection that affects the gums and the tissues that support the teeth. It's caused by a buildup of plaque on the teeth, which contains bacteria that can be harmful to the gums. If left untreated, gum disease can develop into periodontitis, which can destroy the bone that supports the teeth and lead to tooth loss.
Gum disease can be largely prevented and treated with good oral hygiene, regular dental checkups, and self-care. Some things you can do to prevent and treat gum disease include:
Brushing your teeth at least twice a day
Flossing regularly
Practicing good oral hygiene at home between dental visits
Symptoms of gum disease include:
Red, swollen, tender, or bleeding gums
Gums pulling away from the teeth, making them appear longer
Loose or sensitive teeth
Pain while chewing
Persistent bad breath
In the most advanced stage of gum disease, periodontitis, symptoms include: Major bone and tissue loss, Receding gums around the teeth, and Heavy bleeding.
Gum disease isn't curable, but it can be managed with periodontal treatment, which can reduce infection and rebuild some bone and tissue. Treatment options include:
Nonsurgical treatments like antibiotics, scaling, and root planing
Surgical treatments like flap surgery, dental bone grafts, gum grafts, guided tissue regeneration, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP)
Some factors that can contribute to gum disease include:
Improper dental hygiene
Certain medications, such as phenytoin, cyclosporine, calcium channel blockers, and oral or injectable birth control
Vitamin deficiencies, such as scurvy, vitamin D, and vitamin B12
Hormonal changes, including during pregnancy, menopause, and the menstrual cycle
Smoking
Diseases like cancer, diabetes,